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Developments in Pharmacogenomics (Technical Insights)
Frost & Sullivan, Dec 2005
Pressure to Optimize Drug Discovery Drives Adoption
Considering that the development of a single drug costs an average of $500 million and that only 30 percent of approved drugs even recover these costs, the pharmaceutical industry is under growing pressure to streamline and optimize the identification of novel therapeutics. In addressing this need, pharmacogenomic profiling has the potential not only to increase the efficiency and speed with which new medicines are developed, but also to improve diagnostics for drugs already in the market. As a result, there is a growing awareness among pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies about the benefits of using pharmacogenomics in the selection of compounds with a favorable safety and efficacy profile.
This Frost & Sullivan research service provides technical insights into developments in pharmacogenomics. This analysis reviews technologies that are expected to impact the pharmacogenomics industry and includes coverage of key participants and their developments. The study distinguishes itself by focusing on user concerns by examining the practical and pragmatic applications of emerging technologies.
NitroMed looking at Identifying Genes Involved in the Positive Response to its Heart Failure Drug, BiDil
Among the notable developments related to pharmacogenomics research in North America, NitroMed is focusing on determining the genes involved in the positive response to its BiDil, a drug that remedies heart failure. This orally-administered medication, which enhances nitric oxide levels in the body and protects the compound after it is formed, was developed on the basis of pharmacogenomic evidence that suggests that African American heart failure patients often suffer from a greater deficiency of nitric oxide than non-African Americans. After their initial setbacks, the company successfully conducted clinical trials on 1,050 African American patients and in June 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) voted to recommend approval of BiDil for the treatment of heart failure in African American patients. Encouraged by this approval, the company is now conducting pharmacogenomic studies to determine the genes that might be involved in the positive response to BiDil. Researchers are looking at the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene, which encodes the nitric oxide synthesizing enzyme in the heart as well as vasculature and is important in treating hypertension and heart failure
'In Europe, the UK-based Solexa is developing genome sequencing systems for a comprehensive and economical analysis of individual genomes, which can be used in a wide range of applications from basic research to the development and implementation of personalized medicine,' notes the analyst of this research service. 'The long-term goal of this project is to reduce the cost of human resequencing to a few thousand dollars, thus providing an individual’s total genetic information for less than the cost of a CT scan.'
Pharmacogenomics Hold Tremendous Potential in Reducing Market Withdrawals
Apart from bringing about improvements in drug discovery and approvals, the potential benefits of pharmacogenomics are likely to extend even after FDA approvals. In the last decade, a considerable number of approved drugs, including Vioxx, Rezulin, Pondimin, Redux, Propulsid, Seldane, Posicor, and Baycol (Cerivastatin) have been withdrawn from the market. In most cases, the withdrawal was precipitated by adverse effects that occurred in less than 0.1 percent of patients receiving the drug. Examining genetic variation provides the opportunity to uncover genotype-phenotype correlations that may allow the exclusion of a subset of at-risk individuals.
'Despite the explosive growth in proteomics, genetic information is expected to continue playing a major role in healthcare and drug discovery,' says the analyst. 'Pharmacogenomic testing (research, clinical, and diagnostic) is one of the fastest growing sectors of healthcare and its market potential is projected to grow to 3-4 billion dollars by the end of this year.'
Benefits of this Service
Learn about the latest advances in pharmacogenomics and enabling technologies such as microarrays, multiplexing, and computer systems for data analysis.
The study provides details of key market drivers as well as the major challenges faced by the industry.
In addition to presenting the work being carried out by the world’s top researchers and companies, the study also details the efforts of smaller start-ups that have developed particularly innovative tools and technologies.
The study covers academic as well as corporate research groups, enabling clients to not only gain insights into the competitive structure, but also become aware of enabling technologies that may prove useful in their own R&D efforts.
Market Sectors
Expert analysts thoroughly examine the following market sectors in this research:
By application: analysis across emerging techniques in pharmacogenomics
By geographic region: World
Technologies
The following technology is covered in this research:
Pharmacogenomics: It is an emerging discipline for assessing the genetic basis of drug response and toxicity in targeted patient populations. It uses genomic techniques such as high-throughput DNA sequencing, gene mapping, and bioinformatics to allow researchers to identify the actual genetic basis of interindividual and interracial variation in drug efficacy, metabolism, and transport.
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