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Drugs in the Pipeline--An R&D Analysis
Frost & Sullivan, March 2004
Functional Genomics Provides Easy Target Identification and Improved Drug Discovery
Functional genomics and proteomics have been quite successful in identifying the function of potential therapeutic targets, such as encoded proteins. In fact, the possible identification of 10,000 novel target antigens in the human genome signals accelerated discovery of new drugs and therapeutic molecules. As opposed to conventional sequence homology, functional genomics adds structure-based predictions to locate gene sequences with assigned and confirmed functions. It simultaneously sifts through well established targets to detect critical therapeutic targets. Such structural information results in enriched annotations that improve the identification process and also provides a clearer understanding of interactions between specific molecules and target proteins. Moreover, functional genomics is likely to bring in a higher level of efficiency to clinical research with the possibilities of genetically demarcating patients and predicting individual responses to drugs. This permits customized medications and dosages for each patient, ultimately improving treatment safety and efficacy in areas such as neuropsychiatry, cardiovascular medicine, endocrinology, and oncology.
This Frost & Sullivan research analyzes the drugs in the research and development pipelines for prominent ailments in the cardiovasular, central nervous system, and cancer therapeutic areas. Analysis of the technological trends, drivers, challenges, and recent developments assists in creating effective R&D, marketing and production strategies. The research service also discusses enabling technologies such as nanotechnology, microdosing and drug absorption studies that may be useful in accelerating early phase drug discovery efforts. Participants can identify potential collaborators, stay ahead of the competition, and stay shoulder-to-shoulder with critical developments in their respective therapeutic segments.
Increasing Requirement for Target Specificity Challenges Drug Discovery
Lead identification proves to be an important component of drug discovery wherein a lead compound or molecule with the potential to treat a disease is located and tested to confirm its effect on the drug target. However, the primary quest in drug discovery is ‘target specificity,’ which goes beyond mere determination of lead compounds. The more precisely a lead compound interacts with its intended target, the greater its ability to produce the desired therapeutic effect, explains the analyst. Tissue selectivity and intracellular localization are fast becoming essential criteria in selecting lead compounds for promising therapeutic agents.
Demand for Drugs with Reduced Side Effects Challenges Drug Development
With a wide range of therapeutic options available, the benefit-risk ratio may be the key determinant of a drug's prescription in clinical practice, says the analyst. The goal is to identify and eliminate potential side effects produced by compounds and develop therapies with the least side effects for a desired action. The urgency to alleviate side effects may be particularly valid in the case of lifetime illnesses such as schizophrenia that require long-term antipsychotic treatment. This has catalyzed research for drugs that lower motor side effects such as tardive dyskinesia. Exciting new developments may be witnessed in breast cancer therapies where long-term chemotherapy necessitates drugs that alleviate harmful side effects from over exposure to radiation. For instance, hematopoietic stem cells that generate new blood cells to replace those killed by chemotherapy are being tested with metastatic breast cancer patients.
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