Analyzing Clean Coal Combustion Technologies

Aruvian's R'search, April 2013, Pages: 230

Aruvian's R'search's report Analyzing Clean Coal Combustion Technologies specifically focuses on the problem of managing the residual wastes from the usage of coal as a fuel and the scientific development of clean coal technology as a viable option. The report also explains the need for a stronger policy and investment support to Clean Coal Technologies and the debate on the financial costs incurred with making clean coal tick.

Coal has been the workhorse of many nations' energy needs since the beginning of industrialization after the advent of the steam pressure-based mechanics. It has contributed immensely to the world's industrial needs while proving to be a low cost energy source economically. However the past five decades have seen the nations begin to realize the environmental costs of this fuel source and this has forced industrialized nations to take a deeper look at understanding how to manage this wonderful fuel resource environmentally and determining whether Coal had even been capitalized in the most energy efficient manner till now.

The dedication of scientific acumen to development of Clean Coal Technologies is focused on the maximization of energy throughput form each ton of coal and arresting the emissions from the wastes generated.

The two basic strategies which have been advocated for this objective are:

- Establishing the critical importance of increasing efficiency of present systems worldwide in order that an inverse proportion of one increase in efficiency to two to three percent decrease in greenhouse gases can be achieved in the short term.

- Bolstering Sequestration - Capturing emissions and storing them underground.

Sequestration is the long term outlook of achieving large reductions in green house emissions from coal based power generation. This technology coupled with coal gasification which delivers pure stream of CO2 for capture and storage are some of the new initiatives of the future.

The past two decades have seen R&D investment in Clean Coal Technologies and has resulted in the development of more than 20 new, lower-cost, more efficient and environmentally compatible technologies for electric utilities, steel mills, cement plants and other industries. That's one technology taken from concept to implementation every year and in geological terms it is an achievement.

Since this industry has now become a viable commercial reality it makes perfect business sense to analyze the same through this report which aims at giving the analyst a complete perspective on the historical as well as present day consumption of coal in energy generation.

The processes deployed in Clean Coal Technology from washing to the carbon separation and sequestration through advanced systems which derive efficiency as well as meet environmental standards are explained in detail in this report.

Any coal project cannot be successful without the active and joint support of the government and the industry and this report provides an insight profiling of some of the programs being run worldwide on coal technologies and the development of sustainable options.

Case in Point – China as presented in this report is an effort to understand the rapid strides taken by China in developing coal-based technologies and the adherence to ecological objectives by the PRC, whereby China is slowly bridging the technological gap between itself and the developed nations slowly.

The report provides an analytical view of the future of the clean coal technologies and their important role play in connecting with stabilization of the environment.

A. Executive Summary

B. Understanding Coal
B.1 Coal Basics
B.2 Coal as a Fuel – Historical Perspective
B.3 Composition of Coal
B.4 Types of Coal
B.4.1 Anthracite
B.4.2 Lignite
B.4.3 Bituminous
B.4.4 Sub-Bituminous
B.5 Coal Fuel - The Environmental Fallout
B.6 Coal Burn Residue Management

C. Consolidation in the Global Coal Industry

D. Analyzing the Global Coal Industry
D.1 Coal in Global Energy Markets
D.2 Energy Security and Coal
D.3 Global Coal Production Statistics & Coal Reserves
D.4 Global Coal Consumption Statistics
D.5 Industry Segmentation
D.6 Impact of the Recession on Major Coal Players
D.6.1 Developments in Australia
D.6.2 Developments in Canada
D.6.3 Developments in Germany
D.6.4 Developments in Russia
D.6.5 Developments in South Africa
D.6.6 Developments in Turkey
D.6.7 Developments in the US
D.7 Industry Forecast

E. Analyzing Clean Coal Technology
E.1 Overview of Clean Coal
E.2 Clean Coal Technology
E.2.1 Coal Washing
E.2.2 Advancing Pollution Control
E.2.3 Supercritical Pulverized Coal and Ultra-supercritical Pulverized Coal
E.2.4 Pressurized Circulating Fluid Bed Combustion (PCFBC)
E.2.5 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
E.3 Clean Coal Equipment Market
E.3.1 Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP)
E.3.2 Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)
E.3.3 Spray Dry Scrubbers for SOx Control
E.3.4 Wet FGD Technology
E.3.5 Control Equipment for NOx
E.4 Exploiting Clean Coal Opportunities
E.5 Clean Coal – Financially Viable?

F. Impacts on the Industry
F.1 Stringent Environmental Regulations
F.2 Clean Air Initiatives
F.3 Requirement of Increased Installed Generation Capacity
F.4 Expansion of Renewable Energy
F.5 High Cost
F.6 Lack of Knowledge
F.7 Converting Coal Power Plants to Natural Gas
F.8 Price Conscious Buyers
F.9 Shortage of Suppliers

G. Analyzing the Global Market for Clean Coal Technology
G.1 Industry Overview
G.2 Market for Supercritical Pulverized Coal
G.3 Market for Ultra–Supercritical Pulverized Coal
G.4 Market for Pressurized Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion
G.5 Market for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
G.6 Regional Analysis
G.6.1 Overview
G.6.2 North America
G.6.2.1 Coal Plants in the US
G.6.2.2 Coal Plants in Canada
G.6.3 South America
G.6.3.1 Coal Plants in South America
G.6.4 Asia Pacific
G.6.4.1 Coal Plants in China
G.6.4.2 Coal Plants in India
G.6.5 Europe, Middle East & Africa
G.6.5.1 Coal Plants in EMEA

H. Analyzing the Market for Clean Coal Equipment
H.1 Industry Overview
H.2 Market for Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP)
H.3 Market for Flue Gas Desulfurization Equipment
H.4 Market for NOx Equipment
H.5 Market for Fabric Filters
H.6 Regional Analysis
H.6.1 North America
H.6.2 Europe
H.6.3 Asia Pacific
H.6.4 Rest of the World

I. Regulatory Framework
I.1 North America
I.2 Europe
I.3 Asia Pacific
I.3.1 China
I.3.2 Japan
I.3.3 Vietnam
I.3.4 Indonesia
I.3.5 Philippines
I.3.6 India
I.3.7 Australia

J. Analyzing Carbon Sequestration

K. Major Industry Players
K.1 Alstom SA
K.1.1 Corporate Profile
K.1.2 Business Segment Analysis
K.1.3 Financial Analysis
K.1.4 SWOT Analysis
K.2 Babcock & Wilcox Company
K.2.1 Corporate Profile
K.2.2 Business Segment Analysis
K.2.3 Financial Analysis
K.2.4 SWOT Analysis
K.3 Hamon Research–Cottrell
K.3.1 Corporate Profile
K.3.2 Business Segment Analysis
K.3.3 Financial Analysis
K.3.4 SWOT Analysis
K.4 Marsulex Environmental Technology
K.4.1 Corporate Profile
K.4.2 Business Segment Analysis
K.4.3 Financial Analysis
K.4.4 SWOT Analysis
K.5 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
K.5.1 Corporate Profile
K.5.2 Business Segment Analysis
K.5.3 Financial Analysis
K.5.4 SWOT Analysis
K.6 Arch Coal, Inc.
K.7 BHP-Billiton Group
K.8 ConocoPhillips
K.9 CONSOL Energy Inc
K.10 Xstrata Plc

L. Appendix

M. Glossary of Terms

List of Figures

Figure 1: Timeline of Coal History
Figure 2: Market Segmentation of the Global Coal Industry, 2012
Figure 3: Forecast for Global Coal Production
Figure 4: Worldwide Installed Coal-fired Generating Capacity (GW), 2005–2020
Figure 5: Industry Classification
Figure 6: Coal Washing Process
Figure 7: Scrubbers
Figure 8: Low NOx Burners
Figure 6: Share of SOx Reduction Technologies (%) in Clean Coal Equipment Market, 2012
Figure 7: Share of NOx Reduction Technologies (%) in Clean Coal Equipment Market, 2012
Figure 11: The Kyoto Protocol
Figure 12: Policy Statements of the World Coal Association
Figure 13: Impact of the Key Market Drivers
Figure 14: Key Challenges Facing Clean Coal Market
Figure 15: Global Demand for Clean Coal (in USD Billion), 2012–2020
Figure 16: Global Demand for Supercritical Pulverized Coal Market (in USD Billion), 2010–2020
Figure 17: Global Demand (in USD Billion), 2010–2020 of Ultra-supercritical Pulverized Coal Market
Figure 18: Global Demand for Pressurized Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Market (in USD Billion), 2012-2020
Figure 19: Global Demand for IGCC Market (in USD Billion), 2012-2020
Figure 20: Active, Planned, Under Construction Coal Plants by Geography (%), 2012
Figure 21: Strategic Road Map for the US Coal Industry
Figure 22: Global Revenues for Clean Coal Equipment Market (in USD Billion). 2012-2020
Figure 23: Global Revenues for Electrostatic Precipitators Market (in USD Billion), 2012-2020
Figure 24: Global Revenues for FGD Equipment Market, (in USD Billion) 2012-2020
Figure 25: Global Revenue for NOx Equipment Market, (in USD Billion), 2012-2020
Figure 26: Global Revenues for the Fabric Filter Market (in USD Billion), 2012-2020
Figure 27: Clean Coal Equipment Market in North America (in USD Billion), 2012–2020
Figure 28: Clean Coal Equipment Market in Europe (in USD Billion), 2012–2020
Figure 29: Clean Coal Equipment Market in Asia Pacific (in USD Billion), 2012–2020
Figure 30: Clean Coal Equipment Market in Rest of the World (in USD Billion), 2012–2020
Figure 31: Average Global Investments in Types of Power Plants, 2010–2020
Figure 32: CCS Projects in the US, 2012
Figure 33: Global Large Scale CCS Integrated Projects
Figure 34: Market for New Coal Power Plant Technology
Figure 35: Efficiency of Hard Coal Power Stations
Figure 36: Global Distribution of Gasification Capacity
Figure 37: IGCC Additions for Different Environmental Scenarios Under Moderate Technology Progression with Base Natural Gas Prices
Figure 38: Potential Customers of IGCC
Figure 39: Main World Coal Trade Flows
Figure 40: Geological Storage Options for CO2
Figure 41: Coal to Liquids Process

List of Tables

Table 1: Global Coal Acquisition History Primary Acquisitions
Table 2: United States Coal Production 15 Year Production Contrast
Table 3: Market Segmentation of the Global Coal Industry, 2012
Table 4: Worldwide Installed Coal-fired Generating Capacity (GW), 2005–2020
Table 5: Description of Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP)
Table 6: Description of FGD
Table 7: Description of Wet FGD Technology
Table 8: Description of Low NOx Burner, SCR, SNCR
Table 9: Timeline Showing the Impact of the Key Market Drivers
Table 10: Clean Coal versus Natural Gas Fuelled Power Plants
Table 11: Key Challenges Facing Clean Coal Market
Table 12: Global Demand for Clean Coal (in USD Billion), 2012–2020
Table 13: Market Scenario for Supercritical Technology
Table 14: Supercritical versus Sub-critical PC Technology
Table 15: Global Demand for Supercritical Pulverized Market (in USD Billion), 2010–2020
Table 16: Market Scenario of Ultra-Supercritical Pulverized Coal Market
Table 17: Global Demand of Ultra-supercritical Pulverized Coal Market (in USD Billion), 2010–2020
Table 18: Global Demand for Pressurized Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Market (in USD Billion), 2012-2020
Table 19: Market Scenario of the Global IGCC Market
Table 20: Global Demand for IGCC Market (in USD Billion), 2012-2020
Table 21: Planned and Under–Construction Coal Plants in the US
Table 22: Planned and Under–Construction Plants in Canada
Table 23: Planned and Under–Construction Plants in South America
Table 24: Planned and Under–Construction Plants in China
Table 25: Planned and Under–Construction Plants in India
Table 26: Planned and Under–construction Plants in EMEA
Table 27: Global Revenues for Clean Coal Equipment Market (in USD Billion). 2012-2020
Table 28: Global Revenues for Electrostatic Precipitators Market (in USD Billion), 2012-2020
Table 29: Global Revenues for FGD Equipment Market, (in USD Billion) 2012-2020
Table 30: Global Revenue for NOx Equipment Market, (in USD Billion), 2012-2020
Table 31: Global Revenues for the Fabric Filter Market (in USD Billion), 2012-2020
Table 32: Clean Coal Equipment Market in North America (in USD Billion), 2012–2020
Table 33: Clean Coal Equipment Market in Europe (in USD Billion), 2012–2020
Table 34: Clean Coal Equipment Market in Asia Pacific (in USD Billion), 2012–2020
Table 35: Clean Coal Equipment Market in Rest of the World (in USD Billion), 2012–2020
Table 36: Proposed Mercury And Air Toxics Standards, US
Table 37: Proposed Mercury & Air Toxics Standards, US, Key Description
Table 38: Clean Air Interstate Rule, North America, 2009
Table 39: Techniques for SO2 reduction, Large Combustion Plants Directive
Table 40: New Minimum NOx Emission Limit Values (ELV) for Large Combustion Plants (LCP)
Table 41: Carbon Dioxide Storage and Transport Regulations in Europe
Table 42: EU Directive 2009/31/EC on CO2 Storage
Table 43: Carbon Dioxide Storage and Transport Regulations in the UK
Table 44: Asia Pacific Regulations
Table 45: Japan, Emission Standards
Table 46: Acceptable Emission Levels in Japan
Table 47: Laws and Other Legal Documents for Coal fired Plants in Vietnam
Table 48: Coal-fired Power Plants, Acceptable Emission Levels in Vietnam
Table 49: Coal-fired Power Plants, Acceptable Emission Levels in Philippines
Table 50: Thermal Power Plants, Standard for Liquid Effluents in India
Table 51: Thermal Power Plants, Emission Standards in India
Table 52: Thermal Power Plants, Stack Height/Limits in India
Table 53: Emission Standards by States in Australia
Table 54: CCS Projects in Canada
Table 55: CCS Projects in Australia
Table 56: Global Overview of Coal Projects
Table 57: Global CCS Project Status, (%)
Table 58: Major Large Scale CCS Projects
Table 59: Major Industry Players & their Products
Table 60: Primary Characteristics of Different Gasifiers
Table 61: Project Costs and Financial Status of Active CCTDP Projects ((Dollars in Thousands)
Table 62: NOx and SO2 Caps for Selected Emission Bills
Table 63: Mercury Caps for Selected Emission Bills

- Alstom SA
- Arch Coal, Inc.
- BHP-Billiton Group
- Babcock & Wilcox Company
- CONSOL Energy Inc
- ConocoPhillips
- Hamon Research–Cottrell
- Marsulex Environmental Technology
- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
- Xstrata Plc

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