European Gas Industry Market Assessment 2007
Key Note Publications Ltd, August 2007, Pages: 108
In this Market Assessment report, the report analyses the EU downstream natural gas industry in terms of its basic activities — gas transportation, transmission, distribution and supply — and gives an account of the main companies active in the field, issues that have to be addressed and future challenges for the EU gas market.
The EU internal gas market is developing a response to EU legislation that has to be transposed into the legislation of each member state. Development of the market is a two-stage process; large users should have had a choice of supplier by July 2004 and all users, including households, were to have had a choice of supplier by July 2007. Progress towards this aim has been uneven, partly due to the EU being expanded by ten new members in 2004 and two in 2007, bringing the total number to 27 member states.
Despite some headway, considerable work has yet to be done in order to achieve a completely open market. Some companies have not yet fully separated their transmission, distribution and supply activities in order for a level playing field to exist for competitors. Further progress must also be made to enable access to national transmission networks and have national market regulators operate to the same standards. One issue in providing fair competition is the large influence exercised by a few major players in the EU gas industry; their dominant position effectively inhibits new entrants to some national markets.
The EU's gas-production industry is relatively small in relation to gas demand. Production is decreasing but demand is increasing — a fact that is focusing attention on how future demand will be met. Russia is the main supplier to the EU and will probably continue to be so for the foreseeable future, although gas will also be obtained from a range of countries in Africa and the Middle East. Major investments are being made to upgrade the EU's internal gas infrastructure and to provide more facilities for importing gas, including liquefied natural gas (LNG) by sea. The latter involves the construction of LNG terminals and regasification facilities. In the power-generation sector, the increasing use of renewable energy (mainly wind energy) and possibly nuclear power will decrease the potential demand for gas in electricity generation.
Terrorism is a widespread problem and terrorists are well aware of the strategic importance of energy supplies. It is possible that EU gas supplies could be seriously disrupted by attacks inside the EU or on gas-transport facilities, for example on pipelines or LNG tankers transporting gas to the EU.
Climate change is now a global problem and the EU is taking action to reduce `greenhouse gas' emissions. Gas is the preferred fossil fuel because it emits fewer carbon emissions than coal or oil for the same amount of energy produced. (This is a major feature of gas.) However, it remains a carbon-emitting source and efforts will be made to curb its use and to use carbon-neutral energy where possible. One EU initiative is the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), in which companies have allocated carbon allowances. As a supplier of carbon-emitting fuel, it is important for the gas industry to follow trends in carbon trading.
1. Introduction
OVERVIEW
DEFINITION
LEGISLATION
THE EU POPULATION
Table 1: The EU Population by Country (000), 2007
2. Strategic Overview
MARKET DYNAMICS
Development of an Open Market
Table 2: Extent of Open Competition in the EU Gas Market (% and bn m3), as at September 2005
Consumption of Natural Gas
Table 3: Gross Inland Consumption of Gas in the EU by Country (mtoe), 2005
Production of Natural Gas
Table 4: Consumption and Production of Natural Gas in the EU by Country (mtoe and %), 2005
3. Current Issues
COMPLETION OF THE EU INTERNAL GAS MARKET
Further Unbundling of Key Activities
Gas Network Access
Regulation
Significance of Major Companies in the EU Natural Gas Industry
Table 5: Significance of Gas Producers/Importers in the EU Countries (number), 2005
Growing Demand for Gas
Climate Change
CORPORATE ACTIVITY
4. Austria
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 6: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Austria (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
OMV Aktiengesellschaft
EconGas
5. Belgium
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 7: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Belgium (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Distrigas SA
Other Companies
6. Bulgaria
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
MAJOR COMPANIES
Bulgargaz EAD
7. Cyprus
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
MAJOR COMPANIES
Electricity Authority of Cyprus
8. The Czech Republic
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 8: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in the Czech Republic (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
RWE Transgas
9. Denmark
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 9: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Denmark (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
DONG Energy
Energinet.dk
10. Estonia
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 10: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Estonia (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
AS Eesti Gaas Group
11. Finland
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 11: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Finland (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Gasum Oy
12. France
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 12: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in France (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR PLAYERS
Gaz de France
Other Companies
13. Germany
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 13: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Germany (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
E.ON Ruhrgas
RWE AG
Wingas GmbH
Verbundnetz Gas AG
14. Greece
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 14: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Greece (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Public Gas Corporation SA
15. Hungary
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 15: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Hungary (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Magyar Olaj-es-Gazipari
Other Companies
16. Italy
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 16: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Italy (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Eni SpA
17. Latvia
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 17: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Latvia (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Latvijas Gaze
18. Lithuania
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 18: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Lithuania (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Latvijas Gaze
19. Luxembourg
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 19: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Luxembourg (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
SOTEG SA
20. Malta
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
MAJOR COMPANIES
Enemalta Corporation
21. The Netherlands
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 20: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in the Netherlands (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
NV Nederlandse Gasunie
22. Poland
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 21: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Poland (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Polskie Gornicturo Naftowe Gazownictwo
23. Portugal
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 22: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Portugal (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Gás de Portugal
24. The Republic of Ireland
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 23: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in the Republic of Ireland (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Bord Gáis
25. Romania
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
MAJOR COMPANIES
Romgaz SA
Other Companies
26. The Slovak Republic
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 24: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in the Slovak Republic (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Slovensk Plynárensk Priemysel
27. Slovenia
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 25: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Slovenia (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Geoplin Group
28. Spain
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 26: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Spain (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Gas Natural
Enegas
Endesa
29. Sweden
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 27: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in Sweden (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
E.ON Sverige
30. The UK
MARKET STRUCTURE
Natural Gas Production and Consumption
Table 28: Primary Production and Gross Inland Consumption of Natural Gas in the UK (mtoe), 2002-2005
MAJOR COMPANIES
Centrica PLC
National Grid
Other Companies
31. PEST Analysis
POLITICAL FACTORS
Security of Gas Supplies
Fair Competition in the EU Gas Market
Climate-Change Politics
Terrorist Activities
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Gas Infrastructure Investment
Environmental Economics
Gas Prices in the EU
Table 29: EU Gas Prices for Households and Industrial Consumers (in national currency per gigajoule), January 2006 and 2007
SOCIAL FACTORS
Household Gas Prices
Energy Conservation
Marketing of Energy
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
Climate Change
Gas-Powered Vehicles
Biogas
32. The Future
COMPLETION OF THE EU INTERNAL GAS MARKET
SECURITY OF FUTURE GAS SUPPLIES
EU GAS INFRASTRUCTURE
Northern Europe
South East Europe
European/Mediterranean
NUCLEAR POWER
RENEWABLE ENERGY
CLIMATE CHANGE
FORECASTS FOR GAS DEMAND
Table 30: Forecast EU-25 Consumption of Natural Gas (mtoe), 2010, 2020 and 2030
Table 31: Historic and Forecast EU Share of Energy Sources in Total Energy Consumption (%), 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020 and 2030
33. Consumer Confidence
METHODOLOGY
KEY FINDINGS THIS QUARTER
THE WILLINGNESS TO BORROW
Confidence Improves
Table A: The Average Amount Consumers Are Willing to Borrow in Order to Purchase Expensive Items at Current and Constant November 2004 Prices (£ and £bn), February 2006-2007
Willingness to Borrow Slips Slightly
Table B: The Number of Adults Willing to Borrow in Order to Purchase Expensive Items (000 and %), February 2006-2007
SPENDING FROM SAVINGS
Slight Increase in Spending from Savings
Table C: The Average Amount Consumers Are Willing to Spend from Savings in Order to Purchase Expensive Items at Current and Constant November 2004 Prices (£ and £bn), February 2006-2007
Saving Grows in Relative Importance
Table D: The Average Amounts Adults Are Confident Spending to Purchase Expensive Items (£ and %), February 2006-2007
34. Further Sources
Associations
Other Sources
Bisnode Sources
- OMV Aktiengesellschaft
- EconGas
- Distrigas SA
- Bulgargaz EAD
- Electricity Authority of Cyprus
- RWE Transgas
- DONG Energy
- AS Eesti Gaas Group
- Energinet.dk
- Gasum Oy
- Gaz de France
- E.ON Ruhrgas
- RWE AG
- Wingas GmbH
- Verbundnetz Gas AG
- Public Gas Corporation SA
- Magyar Olaj-es-Gazipari
- Eni SpA
- Latvijas Gaze
- SOTEG SA
- Enemalta Corporation
- NV Nederlandse Gasunie
- Polskie Gornicturo Naftowe Gazownictwo
- Gás de Portugal
- Bord Gáis
- Romgaz SA
- Slovensk Plynárensk Priemysel
- Geoplin Group
- Gas Natural
- Enegas
- Endesa
- E.ON Sverige
- Centrica PLC
- National Grid
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