Cannabis Use, Neurobiology, Psychology, and Treatment

Table of Contents

Preface

I. Setting the scene and introductory chapters

1. Metabolomics of the cannabis plant Mickel Hiebert-Giesbrecht, Claudia Torres-Calzada and David Scott Wishart

2. The roots of Cannabis sativa: chemical and pharmacological profile L A. Rolim

3. Cannabis related compounds in beverages and food Ilaria Di Marco Pisciottano

4. The impact of prenatal cannabis exposure: an overview Natalia Kleinhans

5. Cannabis Genotoxicity and Cancer Incidence: Highly Concordant Synthesis of European and USA Datasets Albert Stuart Reece and Gary K. Hulse

6. Cannabis Genotoxicity and Cancer Incidence: A Highly Concordant Synthesis of European and USA Datasets Albert Stuart Reece and Gary K. Hulse

7. Cannabis, Cognitive impairment and Car Crash risk U.W. Preuss

II. Cannabis usage

8. Recreational cannabis use: a French perspective of adverse effects Emilie Bouquet, Emilie Jouanjus and Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre

9. Acute and chronic impact of cannabis on human cognition Justin Matheson and Bernard Le Foll

10. Polydrug users, use of cannabidiol (CBD) and abuse potential/Polydrug users, use of cannabinoids and abuse potential Kerri Alexandra Schoedel

11. Cannabis stigmas: a narrative of features Matt Reid

12. Alterations of THC and CBD ratios and impact on cognition Erica Zamberletti

13. When cannabis is used for medicinal purposes: a focus on back pain R. L. Price III

III. Pharmacological and Physiological Aspects

14. Cannabis, cannabinoids and receptor responses Yi Yang, Roya Derwish and Lakshmi P. Kotra

15. Cannabidiol (CBD): abuse potential and withdrawal Kenneth W. Sommerville and Beatrice Setnik

16. 4,5- Dihydro-1H-pyrazole/3,4-Diarylpyrazoline class of cannabinoid-1 (CB1R) receptor antagonists and their potential in medicinal applications Malliga R. Iyer

IV. Neurobiology of cannabis

17. Neurobiology of cannabis Rohit Goyal and Deepak Kumar

18. The kynurenine pathway, neurobiology and cannabis misuse: a new narrative Nuria Morales-Puerto and Esther O'Shea

19. Central nervous system cancers and use of cannabis and related products: an updated narrative J. Eduardo Rodriguez Almaraz and Nicholas Butowski

20. Chronic cannabis users: links with glutamate and resting state connectivity S.D. Newman

21. Brain metabolic responses to cannabis use in people with multiple sclerosis: Insights from [18F]-FDG positron emission tomography and functional MRI Thorsten Rudroff

22. Genetic Variation and Acute Responses to Cannabis Bernard Le Foll, Zoe Bourgault and Justin Matheson

23. Cell Signaling of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor via beta-arrestins, Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein (CRIP1a) and other regulatory proteins Allyn C. Howlett

24. Cannabis and impact on memory: from in utero to adults Jennifer Willford, Meaghan Hazelet, Mohamad Khalaifa, Natacha DeGenna and Gale A. Richardson

25. Central CB1 receptors and age-related changes: investigating the effects of DELTA-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Brett C. Ginsburg and Hanana AlTfaili

26. Alcohol, cannabis and visual memory Concepcion Vinader-Caerols

V. Neurobiology of cannabinoids

27. The role of Delta-FosB in the plasticity of the cannabinoid system Arturo Venebra-Munoz and Sara Mej�a-Ch�vez

28. Functional profile of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists: exploring cannabinoid and non-cannabinoid targets Shivani Sachdev, Marina Santiago and Chris Bladen

29. Linking the G protein-coupled orphan receptor GPR55 to the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2): a new narrative Paula Morales, Raquel Guerrero-Alba and B.A. Marichal-Cancino

30. Proteomic analysis of cannabinoids in human oligodendrocytes Val�ria Almeida

31. Cannabinoids and endocannabinoid signaling at the basal forebrain cholinergic system Rafael Rodriguez

32. Cannabidiol (The major non-psychotropic cannabinoid in the cannabis plant) and the PI3K/Akt pathway in the CNS Nadja Schroder

33. Effects of cannabidiol and other phytocannabinoids on ion channels Murat Oz, Keun-Hang Susan Yang, Mohamed Mahgoub, Georg Petroianu and Dietrich Lorke

34. Cannabis, neurodevelopment and the "two-hit hypothesis" Elisa Guma, Lani Cupo and Mallar Chakravarty

VI. New and synthetic cannabinoids

35. Impact of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC ) and synthetic "spice"cannabinoids on nicotine use and abuse Christie Dawn Fowler and Angeline Dukes

36. Synthetic cannabinoids: how do they compare to DELTA9-tetrahydrocannabinol: neurological effects and beyond Chris S. Breivogel

VII. Biomarkers, analysis and screening

37. The DSM-5 criteria of cannabis use disorder: methods and applications Mahadev Sen, Siddharth Sarkar and Yesh Singh

38. Cannabis and clinical high risk for psychosis: monitoring and smartphones Jean Addington

VIII. Impact on non-neurological systems

39. The impact of cannabis and cannabinoids on the skin Jane M. Grant-Kels

40. Cannabis consumption in reproduction and teratogenicity Susana Sa and B.M. Fonseca

41. Cannabis compounds and putative cytotoxicity: profile of cancer cells Hadar Peeri and Hinanit Koltai

IX. Treatments, strategies and resources

42. Motivational Interviewing for Cannabis Use Disorders: a narrative review from research to practice Hugo L�pez-Pelayo, Maria Teresa Pons-Cabrera, Clara Oliveras Salv� and Pablo Rodrigo Guzm�n Cortez

43. An Overview of Current Pharmacologic Interventions for Management of Cannabis Withdrawal and the Evidence for Their Use David Wolinsky

44. Managing cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in paediatrics: A new narrative review Justin P. Reinert

45. Gabapentinoids for the Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder: A Focus on Human Laboratory Research Joshua A. Lile

46. Treating psychosis in users of synthetic cannabinoids T. Klimenko and Svetlana Shakhova

X. Resources

47. Cannabis and Web based Resources Rajkumar Rajendram

Authors

Colin R Martin Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director: Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK. Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries. Vinood B. Patel Reader, University of Westminster, London, UK. Dr. Patel is a Reader at the University of Westminster. After completing his PhD at King's College London, he continued his research experience by undertaking his post-doctoral studies in the laboratory of Professor Cunningham in the Department of Biochemistry at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine, (Winston-Salem, NC, USA). This extensive project involved investigating mechanisms of hepatic mitochondrial ribosome dysfunction in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) using biophysical and proteomic techniques. These studies have led to new avenues in determining the pathology of ALD. His teaching areas at both post-graduate and undergraduate levels include clinical biochemistry, investigative pathology and laboratory investigation. Victor R Preedy Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UK. Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King's College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King's College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King's College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.