Photovoltaics Beyond Silicon. Innovative Materials, Sustainable Processing Technologies, and Novel Device Structures. Solar Cell Engineering

Table of Contents

Section I: Photovoltaics: Background, technologies, and innovation
1. Photovoltaics overview: Historical background and current technologies
2. Third-generation photovoltaics: Introduction, overview, innovation, and potential markets

Section II: Perovskite materials and devices
3. Perovskite solar cells: Past, present, and future
4. Modeling perovskite solar cells
5. Optical design of perovskite solar cells
6. Organic hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells: Progress and prospects

Section III: Alternative photovoltaic materials
7. Fabrication strategies to enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells
8. Development of active layer materials for solution-processable organic photovoltaics
9. Overview of copper zinc tin sulfide thin film solar cells

Section IV: Green and sustainable aspects of photovoltaics
10. Nature-inspired and computer-aided approaches to enable improved photovoltaic materials, more efficient processing, and novel devices
11. Green chemical synthesis of photovoltaic materials
12. Sustainable solution-processed solar cells based on environmentally friendly nanocrystals
13. Life cycle assessment of renewable energy from solar photovoltaic technologies

Section V: Concentrator and multijunction devices
14. Concentrator and multijunction solar cells
15. All perovskite tandem solar cells
16. Recent advances in perovskite-containing tandem structures

Section VI: Practical applications of photovoltaics
17. Transparent photovoltaics: overview and applications
18. Photovoltaic-powered vehicles: current trends and future prospects
19. Space photovoltaics: new technologies, environmental challenges, and missions

Authors

Senthilarasu Sundaram Associate Professor, School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.

Senthilarasu Sundaram is an Associate Professor in the School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom. His research interests focus on sustainable energy technologies to create environmentally sustainable materials for energy generation and storage, building integrated applications, thermal storage, water remediation, and low-carbon heating applications.

Velumani Subramaniam Professor, Mexican Government Research Center, CINVESTAV, Mexico City and Visiting Research Fellow, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Velumani Subramaniam is currently a Professor at the Mexican Government Research Center, CINVESTAV, Mexico City and also serving as visiting Research Fellow at Texas A & M University, College Station, USA. He earned his M.Sc. in Solid State Physics, as well as aM.Phil and Ph.D. in Thin Film Physics from Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. His current duties include teaching, research and administration. He is presently working on novel micro- and nanostructured materials for harvesting renewable energy and also for biomedical applications. In the past 30 years, he's established various new programs, courses, won prestigious projects from different funding agencies and industries. He has visited more than 25 countries as Director for International Relations (signed 80 MoU`s) and to deliver plenary/invited talks and lectures; he has thus attained a global vision on technical education and administration. He has published 160+ papers in peer-reviewed international journals, serves as an Editor (JMSE, Springer) and has guest edited 12 special journal issues for several publishers (i.e. Elsevier and Springer). Velumani serves as an editorial board member and peer reviewer for bumerous reputed international journals; he has served as visiting professor in Univ. of Twenty, Holland; University of Le Mans, France; and SKKU, ROK. Ryne P. Raffaelle Vice President for Research and Associate Provost for Research, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA. Ryne P. Raffaelle (RPR) earned both a BS and MS in Physics from Southern Illinois University and a Ph.D. in Physics from Missouri University of Science and Technology. He is the Vice President for Research and Associate Provost at Rochester Institute of Technology (R.I.T.). He is the former Director of the National Center for Photovoltaics at the National Renewable Energy Lab of the U.S. Department of Energy. Prior to serving at NREL, he was the Academic Director for the Golisano Institute for Sustainability and Director of the NanoPower Research Laboratory at RIT. He has worked as a visiting scientist at the NASA Glenn Research Center, NASA Kennedy Research Center, and DOE's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He is the author of over 200 refereed publications. He is on the Advisory Board of Elsevier's Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing and is the Managing Editor of Progress in Photovoltaics, published by Wiley Interscience. He is the co-editor of several books on photovoltaics and nanotechnologies. Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin Full Professor of Chemistry, EPFL Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland. M.K. Nazeeruddin is a Professor of Chemistry at the EPFL Sion campus, and his current research at EPFL focuses on Perovskite Solar Cells and Light-emitting diodes. He has published more than 780 peer-reviewed papers, ten book chapters, and he is the inventor/co-inventor of over 90 patents. His work's high impact has been recognized by invitations to speak at over 300 international conferences. He appeared in the ISI listing of most cited chemists and has more than 150,000 citations with an h-index of 171. He teaches the "Functional Materials� course at EPFL and Korea University. According to the Web of Science in 2016, he is the 5th most cited chemist in the world and is one of the 19 scientists identified by Thomson Reuters as the World's Most Influential Scientific Minds in 2015. He has been named Thomson Reuters "Highly Cited Researcher" from 2014 to 2021 and listed among the Top 10 researchers in the perovskite solar cell research field by the Times Higher Education. He is directing and managing several industrial, national, and European Union projects. He has been appointed as World Class University professor by Korea University and Adjunct Professor by King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. He has been elected to the European Academy of Sciences, Fellow of The Royal Society of Chemistry, and Fellow of Telangana Academy of Sciences and has won the 34th Khwarizmi International Award (KIA) Laureate in Fundamental Sciences, 2021. Arturo Morales-Acevedo Full Professor of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV - IPN, Mexico City, Mexico. Arturo Morales-Acevedo is Full Professor of Electrical Engineering at CINVESTAV - IPN (since 1983) and National Research Fellow (Emeritus) in Mexico. He earned a Ph. D. in Electrical Engineering (CINVESTAV - IPN, M�xico), M. Sc. in Physics (and a David Ross Fellowship recipient, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, USA), and M. Sc. in Electrical Engineering (CINVESTAV-IPN, M�xico). Currently he is a Fellow of the Mexican System for Scientific Research (Emeritus). He edited one book on solar cells (Intech, 2013) and is Associate Editor for Solar Energy journal (Elsevier) and Journal of Electronic Materials (Springer). He is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) where he also was a Distinguished Lecturer for the Electron Devices Society. He has done research at University Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris, France), at the National University of Colombia and at the University of Havana (Cuba). He has consulted for several companies related to semiconductor devices and photovoltaics technology. He is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences (AMC), Sigma-Xi, the Academy of Sciences of New York, IEEE and International Solar Energy Society (ISES). He has published over 200 papers in the refereed literature in semiconductors, materials processing, photovoltaics, and device technologies. Mar�a Bernechea Navarro Senior Researcher, ARAID Foundation, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Arag�n (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. Mar�a Bernechea Navarro obtained her Ph.D. (Cum laude) in 2006 at the Universidad de La Rioja, Logro�o, Spain on synthesis, characterization and applications of platinum group organometallic complexesDuring her Ph.D., she worked for 6 months at the Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC-CRNS), in Toulouse, funded by a Marie Curie fellowship. After earning her Ph.D., Dr. Bernechea Navarro worked on a collaborative project between Universidad de Alcal� (UAH) and Instituto de Cat�lisis y Petroleoqu�mica (ICP-CSIC) on the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their use as catalysts. In 2010, she moved to the Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO) to work on the synthesis and characterization of colloidal nanocrystalline semiconductors for their use in solution-processed optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors and solar cells, focusing on production of new solar cells materials composed of Earth-abundant non-toxic elements. In 2016, she was appointed Lecturer in Energy Materials at Cardiff University where she researched nanomaterials for clean energy applications. Since October 2017, she has been at her present post as ARAID researcher at the Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Arag�n-INMA (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza). Her research interests include synthesis and characterization of functional nanomaterials for their use in energy-related applications, such as solar cells, electrochemical energy storage devices, (photo)catalysis, or thermoelectric devices; this work has resulted in the publication of more than 40 articles, many in prestigious journals. Aloysius F. Hepp Chief Technologist, Nanotech Innovations LLC and a Science Advisory Board Member, CoreWater Technologies, Inc., Oberlin, OH, USA.

Aloysius F. Hepp is Chief Technologist at Nanotech Innovations and independent consultant based in Cleveland, Ohio. He earned a PhD in Inorganic Photochemistry in 1983 from MIT and retired in December 2016 from the Photovoltaic & Electrochemical Systems Branch of the NASA Glenn Research Center. He was a visiting fellow at Harvard University from 1992-3. He was awarded the NASA Exceptional Achievement medal in 1997. He has served as an adjunct faculty member at the University of Albany and Cleveland State University. Dr. Hepp has co-authored nearly 200 publications (including six patents) focused on processing of thin film and nanomaterials for I-III-VI solar cells, Li-ion batteries, integrated power devices and flight experiments, and precursors and spray pyrolysis deposition of sulfides and carbon nanotubes. He has co-edited twelve books on advanced materials processing, energy conversion and electronics, biomimicry and aerospace technologies. He is Editor-in-Chief Emeritus of Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing (MSSP) and is currently the chair of the International Advisory Board of MSSP, as well as serving on the Editorial Advisory Boards of Mater. Sci. and Engin. B and Heliyon.