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Cortical Development: Genes and Genetic Abnormalities


Description: To understand the brain and its devastating diseases, we need to reveal the mechanisms that produce it and the ways in which it can constantly change throughout a lifetime. This book features a timely and insightful discussion between developmental neurobiologists and clinicians who deal with disorders of the nervous system.

Chapters in this book deal specifically with cell fate determination, cell migration and disorders of cell migration; current concepts and new ideas about cortical arealisation, and disorders which can arise from incorrect arealisation; genes implicated in the development of cortical connectivity and related pathologies such as schizophrenia and synaesthesia; and susceptibility genes for cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, dyslexia, and attention deficit disorder.

Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder that afflicts approximately 1% of the population and produces a lifetime of disability and cost, within the UK this is estimated at £2.6 billion a year. However, the specific factors that give rise to the illness remain elusive. The most consistent hypothesis suggests that schizophrenia may be a consequence of a genetic abnormality, i.e. a mutation in susceptibility genes that act on early stages of neurodevelopment and environmental events during pregnancy or the postnatal period. For the first time, several susceptibility genes have been identified and all have been implicated in early brain development and adult neuroplasticity.

Autism is a disorder that shows strong heritability within families, probably due to interactions among a relatively small number of susceptibility genes. Dyslexia is another disorder for which the genetic basis is being defined and the book will feature discussion of the latest evidence on this. Other conditions to be discussed are attention-deficit disorder and childhood epilepsy.

Authors bio:
The Novartis Foundation is an international scientific and educational charity which promotes the study and general knowledge of science and in particular encourages international co-operation in scientific research. Chair: John Parnavelas, University College London, UK


Contents: John G. Parnavelas Chair’s introduction
Bradley J. Molyneaux, Paola Arlotta and Jeffrey D. Macklis Molecular
development of corticospinal motor neuron circuitry
Discussion

Gordon Fishell Perspectives on the developmental origins of cortical
interneuron diversity
Discussion

Pasko Rakic, Kazue Hashimoto-Torii and Matthew R. Sarkisian Genetic
determinants of neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex
Discussion

Stephen C. Noctor, Veronica Martinez-Cerdeño and Arnold R. Kriegstein
Neural stem and progenitor cells in cortical development
Discussion

Teresa H. Chae and Christopher A. Walsh Genes that control the size of
the cerebral cortex
Discussion
General discussion I

Vicki Hammond, Joanne Britto, Eva So, Holly Cate and Seong-Seng Tan
Control of cortical neuron layering: lessons from mouse chimeras
Discussion

Fujio Murakami, Daisuke Tanaka, Mitsutoshi Yanagida and
Emi Yamazaki Intracortical multidirectional migration of cortical
interneurons
Discussion

Libing Zhou, Fadel Tissir and André M. Goffinet The atypical cadherin
Celsr3 regulates the development of the axonal blueprint
Discussion

Dennis D. M. O’Leary , Shen-Ju Chou, Tadashi Hamasaki,
Setsuko Sahara, Akihide Takeuchi, Sandrine Thuret and
Axel Leingärtner Regulation of laminar and area patterning of mammalian
neocortex and behavioural implications
Discussion

Jeremy A. Cholfin and John L. R. Rubenstein Genetic regulation of
prefrontal cortex development and function
Discussion

Henry Kennedy, Rodney Douglas, Kenneth Knoblauch and
Colette Dehay Self-organization and pattern formation in
primate cortical networks
Discussion

Nobuhiko Yamamoto, Takuro Maruyama, Naofumi Uesaka,
Yasufumi Hayano, Makoto Takemoto and Akito Yamada Molecular
mechanisms of thalamocortical axon targeting
Discussion

Zoltán Molnár, Anna Hoerder-Suabedissen, Wei Zhi Wang,
Jamin DeProto, Kay Davies, Sheena Lee, Erin C. Jacobs,
Anthony T. Campagnoni, Ole Paulsen, Maria Carmen Piñon and
Amanda F. P. Cheung Genes involved in the formation of
the earliest cortical circuits
Discussion

Michael Piper, Amber-Lee S. Dawson, Charlotta Lindwall, Guy Barry,
Céline Plachez and Linda J. Richards Emx and Nfi genes regulate cortical
development and axon guidance in the telencephalon
Discussion

Paul J. Harrison Schizophrenia susceptibility genes and their
neurodevelopmental implications: focus on neuregulin 1
Discussion

Peter B. Crino Focal brain malformations: a spectrum of disorders along the
mTOR cascade
Discussion

Final discussion

Index of contributors
Subject index




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