Global Market for Green and Blue Hydrogen Technology and Production 2023-2033

2.1  Hydrogen classification
2.2  Global energy demand and Consumption
2.3  The hydrogen economy and Production
2.4  Hydrogen value chain
2.5  National hydrogen initiatives
2.6  Market challenges

3.1  Industry developments 020-2023
3.2  Start-up and investment funding
3.3  National hydrogen initiatives
3.4  Market map
3.5  Global hydrogen production
3.5.1  Current Annual H2 Production
3.5.2  Hydrogen production processes
3.5.3  Production costs
3.5.4  Global hydrogen demand forecasts
3.6  Green hydrogen
3.6.1  Role in energy transition
3.6.2  Electrolyzer technologies
3.6.2.1   Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE)
3.6.2.2   Anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis
3.6.2.3   PEM water electrolysis
3.6.2.4   Solid oxide water electrolysis
3.6.3  Market players
3.7  Blue hydrogen (low-carbon hydrogen)
3.7.1  Advantages over green hydrogen
3.7.2  Production technologies
3.7.2.1   Steam-methane reforming (SMR)
3.7.2.2   Autothermal reforming (ATR)
3.7.2.3   Partial oxidation (POX)
3.7.2.4   Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (SE-SMR)
3.7.2.5   Methane pyrolysis (Turquoise hydrogen)
3.7.2.6   Coal gasification
3.7.2.7   Advanced autothermal gasification (AATG)
3.7.2.8   Biomass processes
3.7.2.9   Microwave technologies
3.7.2.10  Dry reforming
3.7.2.11  Plasma Reforming
3.7.2.12  Solar SMR
3.7.2.13  Tri-Reforming of Methane
3.7.2.14  Membrane-assisted reforming
3.7.2.15  Catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX)
3.7.2.16  Chemical looping combustion (CLC)
3.7.3  Projects
3.7.4  Carbon capture
3.7.4.1   Pre-Combustion vs. Post-Combustion carbon capture
3.7.4.2   What is CCUS?
3.7.4.3   Carbon Utilization
3.7.4.4   Carbon storage
3.7.4.5   Transporting CO2
3.7.4.6   Costs
3.7.4.7   Market map
3.7.4.8   Point-source carbon capture for blue hydrogen
3.7.4.9   Carbon utilization
3.7.5  Blue hydrogen process materials
3.7.5.1   Catalysts
3.7.5.2   Membranes
3.7.5.3   Vessel materials
3.7.6  Market players
3.8  Hydrogen Storage and Transport
3.8.1  Market overview
3.8.2  Market players
3.9  Hydrogen Fuel Cells
3.9.1  Market overview
3.9.2  Market players
3.10  Hydrogen Vehicles
3.10.1    Market overview
3.10.2    Market players

4.1  Advanced Ionics
4.2  Advent Technologies
4.3  AFC Energy
4.4  Agfa-Gevaert
4.5  Air Liquide
4.6  Air Products
4.7  Alchemr
4.8  AlGalCo
4.9  Altergy Systems
4.10  Amogy Inc.
4.11  Aepnus
4.12  Atawey
4.13  Aurora Hydrogen
4.14  AquaHydrex
4.15  Avium, LLC
4.16  Ballard Power Systems
4.17  BASF
4.18  BayoTech
4.19  Blastr Green Steel
4.20  Bloom Energy
4.21  Boson Energy
4.22  BP
4.23  Bramble Energy
4.24  Bspkl
4.25  CAPTICO2
4.26  Cavendish Renewable Technology
4.27  Celcibus
4.28  Cemvita Factory
4.29  Ceres Power
4.30  Cgon
4.31  Chiyoda Corporation
4.32  Climate Horizon
4.33  CO2 Capsol
4.34  Convion
4.35  Croft
4.36  Cummins
4.37  Cutting-Edge Nanomaterials UG
4.38  C-Zero
4.39  DENS
4.40  Destinus
4.41  Dioxide Materials
4.42  Dynelectro
4.43  Ecolectro
4.44  EH Group
4.45  Enocell
4.46  Erredue
4.47  8Rivers
4.48  Ekona Power
4.49  Elcogen
4.50  Electriq Global
4.51  Electric Hydrogen
4.52  Elogen
4.53  Elcogen
4.54  Endua
4.55  Enapter
4.56  Eni
4.57  Epro Advance Technology Limited
4.58  Equatic
4.59  Ergosup
4.60  Everfuel
4.61  EvolOH
4.62  Evolve Hydrogen
4.63  Fabrum
4.64  FirstElement Fuel
4.65  Flexens
4.66  FuelCell Energy
4.67  FuMA-Tech
4.68  Fusion Fuel
4.69  GenCell Energy
4.70  Genomines
4.71  Graforce
4.72  GenHydro
4.73  GeoPura
4.74  Green Hydrogen Systems
4.75  GRZ Technologies
4.76  Hazer Group
4.77  Heliogen
4.78  Hexagon Purus
4.79  HevenDrones
4.80  HiiROC
4.81  H2B2 Electrolysis Technologies Inc
4.82  H2Electro
4.83  H2Greem
4.84  H2Pro
4.85  H2U Technologies
4.86  H2Vector Energy Technologies, S.L.
4.87  H2X Global
4.88  Honeywell UOP
4.89  Horisont Energi
4.90  Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies
4.91  H Quest Vanguard
4.92  H-Tec Systems
4.93  Hygenco
4.94  Hymeth
4.95  Hynamics
4.96  Hycamite
4.97  Hydra Energy
4.98  HydRe
4.99  Hydrogen in Motion
4.100 Hydrogenious Technologies
4.101 Hydrogenera
4.102 Hydro X
4.103 Hynertech
4.104 Hyundai
4.105 HySiLabs
4.106 Hysata
4.107 Hystar
4.108 Hyzon Motors
4.109 Immaterial
4.110 Inergio
4.111 Inpex
4.112 Innova Hydrogen
4.113 Ionomr Innovations
4.114 ITM Power
4.115 John Cockerill
4.116 Johnson Matthey
4.117 Jolt Electrodes
4.118 Keyou
4.119 Koloma Inc.
4.120 Lavo
4.121 Levidian
4.122 Linde
4.123 Lingniu Hydrogen Energy Technology
4.124 Loop Energy
4.125 Lhyfe
4.126 McPhy
4.127 Mebius
4.128 Modern Hydrogen
4.129 Mote
4.130 Monolith Materials
4.131 Naco Technologies
4.132 NEL Hydrogen
4.133 NEOM Green Hydrogen Project
4.134 Newtrace
4.135 Next Hydrogen Solutions
4.136 Nikola Motor Company
4.137 Norled
4.138 NPROXX
4.139 Nuberg PERIC
4.140 Nu:iconic
4.141 NuMat Technologies
4.142 OCOchem
4.143 Ohmium International
4.144 s1 Energy
4.145 OneAtom 12
4.146 Orion Polymer
4.147 Ossus Biorenewables
4.148 OXCCU
4.149 OxEon Energy
4.150 Pani Clean Inc
4.151 Pajarito Powder
4.152 Permascand AB
4.153 Pherousa Green Shipping
4.154 pH Matter
4.155 Plagazi
4.156 Plantery Technologies
4.157 Plasma Kinetics
4.158 Plenesys
4.159 Plug Power, Inc.
4.160 PowerUP Energy Technologies
4.161 Proton Technologies
4.162 Power to Hydrogen
4.163 PowerCell Sweden
4.164 Proton onsite
4.165 P2X Solutions
4.166 QD-SOL
4.167 Quantron AG
4.168 Raven SR
4.169 ReCarbon
4.170 Riversimple
4.171 Rouge H2
4.172 Ryze Hydrogen
4.173 SeeO2 Energy
4.174 SEID AS
4.175 Shell
4.176 sHYp
4.177 Siemens
4.178 SoHHytec
4.179 Solenco Powerbox NV
4.180 Sparc Technologies
4.181 Standing Wave Reformers
4.182 StoreH
4.183 SungreenH2
4.184 SunHydrogen
4.185 Supercritical Solutions
4.186 Svante
4.187 Sylfen
4.188 SinoSynergy
4.189 Sypox
4.190 Syzygy Plasmonics
4.191 TECO 030
4.192 Tevva
4.193 Thiozen
4.194 Thor Hydrogen
4.195 Thyssenkrupp Nucera
4.196 TIANJIN Mainland
4.197 TFP Hydrogen
4.198 Topsoe
4.199 Total Energies
4.200 Toyota
4.201 Transform Materials
4.202 Tree Energy Solutions
4.203 Universal Hydrogen
4.204 Verdagy
4.205 Versogen
4.206 Xcel
4.207 Xebec
4.208 ZEG Power
4.209 Zero Emission Industries
4.210 ZeroAvia
4.211 Zhero
4.212 ZoneFlow Reactor Technologies

Table 1. Hydrogen colour shades, Technology, cost, and CO2 emissions.
Table . Overview of hydrogen production methods.
Table . National hydrogen initiatives.
Table 4. Market challenges in the hydrogen economy and production technologies.
Table 5. Hydrogen industry developments 020-2023.
Table 6. Hydrogen start-up and investment funding.
Table 7. National hydrogen initiatives.
Table 8. Hydrogen production processes and stage of development.
Table 9. Estimated costs of clean hydrogen production.
Table 10.  Characteristics of typical water electrolysis technologies
Table 11. Advantages and disadvantages of water electrolysis technologies.
Table 12. Market players in green hydrogen (electrolyzers).
Table 13. Key players in methane pyrolysis.
Table 14. Blue hydrogen projects using Coal gasification (CG.
Table 15. Biomass processes summary.
Table 16. Blue hydrogen projects.
Table 17. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
Table 18. Approaches for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from point sources.
Table 19. CO2 capture technologies.
Table 20. Advantages and challenges of carbon capture technologies.
Table 21. Overview of commercial materials and processes utilized in carbon capture.
Table 22. Methods of CO2 transport.
Table 23. Carbon capture, transport, and storage cost per unit of CO2
Table 24. Estimated capital costs for commercial-scale carbon capture.
Table 25. Point source examples.
Table 26. Assessment of carbon capture materials
Table 27. Chemical solvents used in post-combustion.
Table 28. Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture.
Table 29. Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$).
Table 30. CO2 utilization and removal pathways.
Table 31. Market challenges for CO2 utilization.
Table 32 Example CO2 utilization pathways.
Table 33. CO2 derived products via Thermochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 34. Electrochemical CO2 reduction products.
Table 35. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 36. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 37. Companies developing and producing CO2-based polymers.
Table 38. Companies developing mineral carbonation technologies.
Table 39. Market players in blue hydrogen.
Table 40. Market overview- hydrogen storage and transport.
Table 41. Market players in hydrogen storage and transport.
Table 42. Market overview- hydrogen fuel cells.
Table 43. Market players in hydrogen fuel cells.
Table 44. Market overview- hydrogen vehicles.
Table 45. Market players in hydrogen vehicles.  86

Figure 1. Hydrogen value chain.
Figure 2 . Market map for hydrogen technology and production.
Figure 3 Current Annual H2 Production.
Figure 4. Global hydrogen demand forecast.
Figure 5. Schematic of alkaline water electrolysis working principle.
Figure 6. Schematic of AEM water electrolysis working principle.
Figure 7. Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer.
Figure 8. Schematic of PEM water electrolysis working principle.
Figure 9. Schematic of solid oxide water electrolysis working principle.
Figure 10. SMR process flow diagram of steam methane reforming with carbon capture and storage (SMR-CCS).
Figure 11. Process flow diagram of autothermal reforming with a carbon capture and storage (ATR-CCS) plant.
Figure 12. POX process flow diagram.
Figure 13. Non-Catalytic Partial Oxidation with dual syngas coolers to generate high-pressure steam (Shell).
Figure 14. Process flow diagram for a typical SE-SMR.
Figure 15. Methane pyrolysis process flow diagram.
Figure 16. Coal gasification (CG) process.
Figure 17. Flow diagram of Advanced autothermal gasification (AATG).
Figure 18. Schematic of CCUS process.
Figure 19. Pathways for CO2 utilization and removal.
Figure 20. A pre-combustion capture system.
Figure 21. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle.
Figure 22. Various pathways for CO2 utilization.
Figure 23. Example of underground carbon dioxide storage.
Figure 24. Transport of CCS technologies.
Figure 25. Railroad car for liquid CO2 transport
Figure 26. CCUS market map.
Figure 27. Estimated costs of capture of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (Co2) by sector.
Figure 28. Global capacity of point-source carbon capture and storage facilities.
Figure 29. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 021.
Figure 30. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 030.
Figure 31. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 endpoint, 021 and 030.
Figure 32. Post-combustion carbon capture process.
Figure 33. Postcombustion CO2 Capture in a Coal-Fired Power Plant.
Figure 34. Oxy-combustion carbon capture process.
Figure 35. Liquid or supercritical CO2 carbon capture process.
Figure 36. Pre-combustion carbon capture process.
Figure 37. CO2 non-conversion and conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages.
Figure 38. Applications for CO2.
Figure 39. Cost to capture one metric ton of carbon, by sector.
Figure 40. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services.
Figure 41. Co2 utilization pathways and products.
Figure 42. Plasma technology configurations and their advantages and disadvantages for CO2 conversion.
Figure 43. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process.
Figure 44. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels.
Figure 45. Econic catalyst systems.
Figure 46. Mineral carbonation processes.
Figure 47. Enapter - Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) Water Electrolysis.
Figure 48. KEYOU-H2-Technology.
Figure 49. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell.
Figure 50. Tevva hydrogen truck.