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Electromagnetic Analysis and Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators. Edition No. 1. IEEE Press Series on Power and Energy Systems

  • Book

  • 704 Pages
  • December 2022
  • John Wiley and Sons Ltd
  • ID: 5837622
Electromagnetic Analysis and Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators

Discover an insightful and complete overview of electromagnetic analysis and fault diagnosis in large synchronous generators

In Electromagnetic Analysis and Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators, a team of distinguished engineers delivers a comprehensive review of the electromagnetic analysis and fault diagnosis of synchronous generators. Beginning with an introduction to several types of synchronous machine structures, the authors move on to the most common faults found in synchronous generators and their impacts on performance.

The book includes coverage of different modeling tools, including the finite element method, winding function, and magnetic equivalent circuit, as well as various types of health monitoring systems focusing on the magnetic field, voltage, current, shaft flux, and vibration. Finally, Electromagnetic Analysis and Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators covers signal processing tools that can help identify hidden patterns caused by faults and machine learning tools enabling automated condition monitoring.

The book also includes: - A thorough introduction to condition monitoring in electric machines and its importance to synchronous generators - Comprehensive explorations of the classification of synchronous generators, including armature arrangement, machine construction, and applications - Practical discussions of different types of electrical and mechanical faults in synchronous generators, including short circuit faults, eccentricity faults, misalignment, core-related faults, and broken damper bar faults - In-depth examinations of the modeling of healthy and faulty synchronous generators, including analytical and numerical methods

Perfect for engineers working in electrical machine analysis, maintenance, and fault detection, Electromagnetic Analysis and Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators is also an indispensable resource for professors and students in electrical power engineering.

Table of Contents

Author Biographies

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1. Introduction to Condition Monitoring of Electric Machines

1.2. Importance of Synchronous Generators

1.3. Economic Aspects and Advantages

1.4. Intention of the Book

Chapter 2 Operation Principles, Structure, and Design of Synchronous Generators

2.1. Introduction

2.3. Types and Constructions of Synchronous Machines

2.4. Voltage Equation and Rated Power of the Synchronous Generator

2.5. Synchronous Generator Model Parameters

2.6. Different Operating Modes of Synchronous Machines

2.7. Damper Bars in Synchronous Generators

2.8. Losses and Efficiency in Synchronous Generators

2.9. High-Voltage Synchronous Generators

2.10. Preliminary Design Considerations

2.11. Stator Design Considerations

2.12. Summary

Chapter 3 Transformed Models and Parameter Identification of Synchronous Generators

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Multi-Phase Synchronous Generator Modeling Based on Park Equations

3.4. Parameter Estimation Algorithms

3.5. Parameter Accuracy Increments by Considering Saturation

3.6. Fault Detection Based on Parameter Deviation

3.7. Summary

Chapter 4 Introduction to Different Types of Faults in Synchronous Generators

4.1. Reasons for Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators

4.2. Different Faults in Synchronous Generators

4.3. Main Factors Leading to Electrical Machine Damage

4.4. Major Destruction Factors of Stator Winding

4.5. Common Faults in Stator Winding

4.6. Rotor Field Winding Fault

4.7. Eccentricity Faults

4.8. Misalignment Faults

4.9. Damper Winding Fault

4.10. Summary

Chapter 5 Laboratory Scale Implementation

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Salient Pole Synchronous Generator

5.3. Induction Motor

5.4. Gearbox

5.5. Converter

5.6. Rotor Magnetization Unit

5.7. DC Power Supply

5.8. Local Passive Load

5.9. Sensors

5.10. Data Acquisition

5.11. Fault Implementation

5.12. Noise Considerations

5.13. Summary

Chapter 6. Analytical Modeling Based on Wave and Permeance Method

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Eccentricity Fault Definition

6.3. The Air Gap Magnetic Field

6.4. The Electromotive Force in Stator Terminals

6.5. The Stator Current

6.6. Force Density and Unbalanced Magnetic Pull

6.7. Stator Slotting Effects

6.8. Magnetic Saturation Effects

6.9. The Mixed Eccentricity Fault

6.10. The Air Gap Magnetic Field

6.11. Induced Electromotive Force in Stator Terminals

6.12. Force Density and Unbalanced Magnetic Pull

6.13. Short Circuit Modeling

6.14. Air Gap Permeance Under a Short Circuit Fault

6.15. Force Density and Unbalanced Magnetic Pull under a Rotor Inter-turn Short Circuit Fault

6.16.Summary

Chapter 7 Analytical Modeling Based on Winding Function Methods

7.1. Introduction

7.2. History and Usage of the WFM

7.3. Winding Function Modeling of a Synchronous Generator

7.4. Mutual Inductance Calculation Between the Stator Phases

7.5. The Mutual Inductance Between the Stator and Rotor

7.6. The Self Inductance of the Rotor

7.7. Derivative Forms of Synchronous Generator Inductances

7.8. A Practical Case study

7.9. Healthy Case Simulation

7.10. Faulty Case Simulation

7.11. Algorithm for Determination of the Magnetic Saturation Factor

7.12. Eccentricity Fault Modeling Considering Magnetic Saturation Under Load Variations

7.13. Dynamic Modeling under an Eccentricity Fault

7.14. Summary

Chapter 8. Finite Element Modeling of a Synchronous Generator

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Electromagnetic Field Computation

8.3. Eddy Current and Core Loss Considerations

8.4. Material Modeling

8.5. Band Object, Motion Setup, and Boundary Conditions

8.6. Mesh Consideration

8.7. Time Steps and Simulation Run Time

8.8. Transient and Steady-State Modeling

8.9. No-Load and On-Load Modeling

8.10. 2D and 3D FEM

8.11. 3D-FE Equations of the Synchronous Generator

8.12. Modeling of the Stator and Rotor Windings of the Generator and Its Load

8.13. Air Gap Magnetic Field Measurements

8.14. Stray Flux Measurements

8.15. Eccentricity Fault Modeling

8.16. Stator and Rotor Short Circuit Fault

8.17. Broken Damper Bar Modeling

8.18. Summary

Chapter 9 Thermal Analysis of Synchronous Generators

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Overview of Thermal Modeling and Analysis

9.3. Thermal Modeling and Analyzing Synchronous Generators

9.4. Modeling and Analysis of Faulty Synchronous Generators

9.5. Summary

Chapter 10 Signal Processing

10.1. Introduction 2

10.2. Signals

10.3. Fast Fourier Transform

10.4. Fast Fourier Transform with an Adjusted Sampling Frequency

10.5. Short-Time Fourier Transform

10.6. Continuous Wavelet Transform

10.7. Discrete Wavelet Transform

10.7.1. Wavelet Energies

10.7.2. Wavelet Entropy

10.8. Hilbert-Huang Transform

10.9. Time Series Data Mining

10.10. Spectral Kurtosis and Kurtogram

10.11. Noise

10.12. Summary

Chapter 11 Electromagnetic Signature Analysis of Electrical Faults

11.1. Introduction

11.2. General Introduction to Short Circuit Fault Detection Methods in Synchronous Machines

11.3. Stator Short Circuit Fault Types

11.4. Synchronous Generator Stator Fault Effects

11.5. Fault Diagnosis Methods in the Stator Winding

11.6. Stator Short Circuit Fault Detection of Brushless Synchronous Machines

11.7. Stator Short Circuit Fault Detection of Powerformers

11.8. Stator Short Circuit Fault Detection of Turbo-generators

11.9. Inter-turn Short Circuit Fault in Rotor Field Winding

11.10 Summary

Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Signature Analysis of Mechanical Faults

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Eccentricity Faults

12.3. Stator Core Fault

12.4. Broken Damper Bar Fault

12.5. Summary

Chapter 13 Vibration Monitoring

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Condition Monitoring Using Vibration

13.3. Vibration in Salient-Pole Synchronous Generators

13.4. Introduction to Utilized Terms in Vibration Analysis

13.5. Force and Vibration Analysis

13.6. Summary

Chapter 14 Application of Machine Learning in Fault Detection

14.1. Introduction

14.2. Supervised Learning

14.3. Ensemble Learners

14.4. Logistic Regression

14.5. K-Nearest Neighbors

14.6. Support Vector Machine

14.7. Decision Tree Learning

14.8. Random Forest 12

14.9. Boosted Trees

14.10. Gradient Boost Decision Trees

14.11. Artificial Neural Network

14.12. Other Artificial Neural Networks

14.13. Real Case Application

14.14. Summary

Chapter 15 Insulation Defect Monitoring

15.1. Introduction

15.2. History and Advantages of Using Partial Discharge Techniques

15.3. Electrical Machine Fault Generation Factors

15.4. Rotating Machine Insulation System

15.5 PD Types in Rotating Machines

15.6. Risk Assessment of Different Partial Discharge Faults

15.7. Frequency Characteristics of Current Pulses

15.8. Measurement of PD Signals

15.9. Online Measurements of PD in Rotating Electrical Machines

15.10. Summary

Chapter 16 Noise Rejection Methods and Data Interpretation

16.1. Introduction

16.2. Noise Rejection in Online Measurement

16.3. Noise Sources in Generators

16.4. Different Methods for Denoising

16.5. Data Interpretation

16.6. Separating PD sources

16.7. Summary

References

Authors

Hossein Ehya Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Jawad Faiz University of Tehran.