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700 MHz Band Opportunities and Wireless Communications for First Responders


Description: This report analyzes the status of first responders’ communications technologies, and concentrates on the following subjects:

-Satellites communications for pubic safety communications
-Mesh networks and their role in public safety communications
-Ultra Wideband communications for first responders
-North America standard land-mobile radio for first responders-Project P25
-Opening of the 700 MHz Band and its effect on public safety communications.

All these topics are united by their purpose – to serve first responders in their activity, supporting reliable interoperable communications.

The report also addresses marketing profiles of the above technologies in the public safety communications segment.

1. Satellite communications. With falling pricing and uniqueness of this technology features, satellite links importance for disaster recovery is difficult to underestimate. First responders can now use services offered by several companies to sustain their interaction in various situations when terrestrial links are damaged or completely destroyed. Modern technology allows establishing such satellite links in a very short time, and it supports both voice and data traffic. Satellite offerings to support public safety communications can be categorize as:

-Permanent installations. They are typically only used for the most important and vital government networks
-Pre-empted connections, which usually are utilized by non-public safety communications users, but become available for first responders in critical situations.

Satellite attractiveness is partially offset by:
-Pricing structure (in comparison with other means of communications)
-Specifics of establishing a communications path (the need for an antenna to “see” the satellite)
-Relative bulkiness of equipment.

2. Wireless mesh networks. These networks are self-organized and redundant by their nature – the ideal situation for first responders’ communications. Each responder may become a part of the network structure; in a case of the failing link, the network itself will establish a new connection. The WMN market is growing fast and public safety communications plays a significant role in this market.

3. UWB. Ultra Wideband technology has a very important feature that makes it attractive for public safety communications – it can combine in one device a secure communicator and precise radar. Such properties allow first responders to “see” through the wall and communicate at the same time. UWB is, in our opinion, one of technologies that in the near future will establish a significant presence in the discussed communications sector.

4. Project 25 radio. Project 25 defines a set of standards for first responders’ radio to establish such radio characteristics for North America and several countries outside of the U.S. The goal of this standard is to make sure that various agencies talk “the same language” and can communicate with each other during emergencies. So far, there is still a lot of non-standard equipment in hands of first responders, and this makes their efforts difficult and inefficient.

5. Opening the 700 MHz spectrum for public safety radio (as well as for commercial use) provides a sufficient basis to drive P25 (in the U.S.) and TETRA markets and serves the purpose to reach interoperability on the local, state and federal levels. It is difficult to predict how the development of this spectrum will enhance the arsenal of our first responders. For now, it seems that a very promising direction is to build pre-empted commercial networks: in such a way, pubic safety communications will gain so needed financial stability and on a needed basis will serve first responders (i.e., commercial traffic will be interrupted in cases of need by first responders’ communications).

Research Methodology

Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed; evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.

The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.

Target Audience

This report is important for the government agencies involved in the first response to critical situations. It is necessary for technical departments of such agencies to have a document, which in simple language explains radio technology and architectures of networks supporting public safety radios. They also need to understand the market landscape and who are the major players and their portfolios to select the right equipment.

For vendors of the first response technology, this report provides valuable information on competition. It also supports these vendors with the market assessment.


Contents: 1.0 Introduction 9
1.1 General-Mobility and Interoperability 9
1.2 Requirements to Public Safety Radio 9
1.3 Interoperability Categories 10
1.4 Classification 12
1.5 Criteria 12
1.6 States and Federal Support 14
1.7 Scope 17
1.8 Research Methodology 17
1.9 Target Audience 18
2.0 Satellite Communications – Help from the Sky 19
2.1 General 19
2.2 Features 19
2.3 Planning 21
2.4 Technology Specifics 21
2.4.1 Scenarios 22
2.5 Services 23
2.6 Benefits and Issues 24
2.7 Channels 25
2.8 Voice 25
2.9 Services and Providers 25
2.9.1 CapRock 25
2.9.2 Cyren Call Communications Corp 26
2.9.3 Inmarsat 27
2.9.4 Iridium and JPS 28
2.9.4.1 Iridium 29
2.9.5 PacStar and Spacenet 30
2.9.6 DataPath 31
2.9.7 New Hampshire Satellite Responder Network 31
2.9.8 IDirect Technologies 32
2.9.9 IP Access International 33
2.9.10 SES Americom 34
2.9.11 Anvil 35
2.10 Vendors 36
RaySat Antenna 36
Raytheon JPS 37
3.0 Mesh Networks 40
3.1 Definition 40
3.2 Major Features 40
3.2.1 General 40
3.2.2 Attractiveness 40
3.3 Benefits and Limitations 42
3.4 Major WMN Applications 43
3.5 Architectures 45
3.5.1 Frequency Bands 46
3.6 Routing Protocols 46
3.6.1 Lack of Standardization 46
3.6.2 Applications Variety 47
3.6.3 Protocols 48
3.7 Security Issues 50
3.7.1 General 50
3.7.2 IEEE 802.11 50
3.7.3 UWB (Ultra Wideband) Technology 51
3.7.4 ZigBee 51
3.7.5 Summary-Public Safety Security 51
3.8 Market: Mesh Networks 52
3.8.1 Market Estimate 52
3.8.1.1 Market Leaders 52
3.8.1.2 Forecast 52
3.9 Major WMN Vendors and their Products 55
Atheros (chipsets) 55
BelAir (Nodes) 57
Cisco (Protocols, Nodes) 59
Crossbow (nodes) 61
Dust Networks (WMN Nodes) 63
Ember (ZigBee chips for WMN) 65
Intel (Nodes) 66
IWT(Network Solution) 67
IPMobileNet (WMN) 68
FireTide (Mesh network-Public safety applications) 69
Kiyon 72
MeshDynamics (Nodes) 74
Millennial Net (SW and Systems) 76
Moteiv (Nodes and SW) 77
MeshNetworks (Motorola) 78
Mitre (protocols) 79
Motorola (Nodes-Public Safety Communications) 80
Newtrax (WSN-mesh, UGS) 81
NexGen City (Mesh-Public Safety) 82
Northrop Grumman (Nodes) 84
Nortel (WMN Systems) 85
NovaRoam (Public Safety Communications –WMN) 86
Octave Technologies (SW) 88
PacketHop (WMN SW; in a process of acquiring by SRI International) 89
Proxim (WMN Nodes) 91
Rajant (WMN-Military, First Responders) 93
Sensoria (WMN for Public Safety Communications) 94
Sensicast (WMN for Industrial Automation) 95
SIAE (WMN for IA) 97
SkyPilot Networks (WMN Nodes) 98
Strix (Nodes-First Responders) 100
Trango (Mesh for First responders) 101
Qorvus (WMN for IA) 103
Tropos (routers, OS) 104
Ubiwave (Mesh Network) 106
3.10 WMN and First Responders 109
4.0 Ultra Wideband (UWB) Technologies and First Responders Communications 110
4.1 General 110
4.2 Obstacles 111
4.3 Benefits 111
4.4 Definition 111
4.5 Rates 112
4.6 Spectrum Allocation 112
4.7 Choices 113
4.8 Major Features 114
4.9 Standards and Regulations 117
4.9.1 Multiband OFDM 117
4.9.1.1 WiNet 118
4.9.2 DS-UWB 118
4.9.3 Groups 119
4.9.4 Security 120
4.10 Major Applications 121
4.10.1 UWB-Bluetooth 122
4.11 Market Estimate 123
4.11.1 General 123
4.11.2 Geographical Segmentation 123
4.11.3 Forecast 124
4.12 Industry 126
Aether (localization devices) 126
Alereon (chipsets) 127
Artimi (chipsets) 129
BBN (radio, first responders applications) 130
Camero (radar, equipment for first responders) 130
Focus Enhancement (chipsets) 131
Freescale (chipsets, systems) 133
General Atomics (chipsets) 134
Intel (Chips, standards) 135
Multispectral (RFID and others) 135
Parco (RFID) 136
Pulse~ Link (chipsets) 138
Staccato (chipsets) 139
Time Domain (chipsets-fusion of communications & radar) 141
Tzero (chipsets) 143
Ubisense (RFID-tracking) 145
Wisair (chipsets) 146
WiQuest (chipsets) 148
5.0 P25-Standard Trunked Radio for First Responders 150
5.1 Introduction 150
5.2 General 150
5.2.1 Beginning 150
5.3 Project 25/TIA 102: Scope 151
5.3.1 Efforts 151
5.3.2 Phased Approach 152
5.3.2.1 Transition 153
5.3.3 General Mission and Objectives 154
5.3.4 Technical Highlights 155
5.3.4.1 Common Air Interface 156
5.3.4.2 RF Sub-system 156
5.3.4.3 Inter-system Interface 157
5.3.4.4 Telephone Interconnect Interface 157
5.3.4.5 Network Management Interface 157
5.3.4.6 Host and Network Data Interfaces 158
5.3.5 Major Characteristics-Summary 158
5.4 Spectrum: Problems 159
5.4.1 Major Improvements 159
5.5 Services 160
5.6 Network Scenario 160
5.6.1 P25 and TETRA 161
5.7 Market 164
5.7.1 Prices 164
5.7.2 Forecast 165
5.8 Vendors 166
Daniels 166
EADS 167
EF Johnson 170
Harris 171
Kenwood 172
M-A-Com (TycoElectronic) 173
Motorola 174
Relm 178
Raytheon 179
Tait Electronics 180
Technisonic 181
Westel 182
Wireless Pacific 183
6.0 700 MHz Band 185
6.1 Current Situation 185
6.1.1 Regulation 187
6.1.2 Partnership 189
6.1.3 Framework 190
6.2 Licensing 190
6.2.1 Bidders 191
6.3 Benefits 194
6.4 FCC Rules 196
6.5 Market 197
6.5.1 WiMax Segment 197
6.5.2 Public Safety Radio Segment 200
6.6 Vendors 200
Alcatel-Lucent 200
Aloha Partners 201
Cyren Call 202
Frontline 203
IPWireless 204
MediaFlo USA (Qualcomm Subsidiary) 205
Vanu 206
6.7 Services 207
7.0 Conclusions 209
Attachment: Bidders (700 MHz)- As of the end 2007 212
Appendix 1 - Project 25/ANSI 102 Major Standards 218


Figure 1: First Responders: Frequency Bands 12
Figure 2: Satellite Channels 22
Figure 3: Radio Technologies for WMN 42
Figure 4: Mesh Network Equipment Sale: Market Estimate ($B) 53
Figure 5: Estimate: Mesh Network equipment Sale for First Responders Application 54
Figure 6: Technology Segmentation: Mesh Network Market 55
Figure 7: Mesh Network Market Geography (2006) 55
Figure 8: UWB Spectrum 114
Figure 9: Market Estimate: UWB Circuitry ($B) 124
Figure 10: Market Estimate: Multiband OFDM UWB Circuitry ($B) 125
Figure 11: Market Estimate: DS UWB Circuitry ($B) 125
Figure 12: Estimate of UWB Market – Communications Applications ($B) 126
Figure 13: P25 Network Architecture 161
Figure 14: P25 Phased Approach 163
Figure 15: Estimate of the U.S. P25 Radio Market 165
Figure 16: Worldwide P25 Market Estimate ($B) 166
Figure 17: Revised frequency Plan 188
Figure 18: Revised Spectrum (Upper 700 MHz sub-band) 188
Figure 19: Details 189
Figure 20: 802.16e Equipment Sales Projection ($B) 198
Figure 21: 802.16e Service Revenue Projection ($B) 198
Figure 22: 700 MHz 802.16e Service Revenue Estimate (($M) 199
Figure 23: 700 MHz 802.16e Equipment Sale Estimate ($M) 199
Figure 24: Market Estimate: P25 700 MHz Radio ($M) 200

Table 1: States Emergency Network Examples 16
Table 2: WMN Security Options 52
Table 3: Comparison: DS-UWB and MB-OFDM 119
Table 4: UWB Forum and WiMedia 120
Table 5: P25 Services 160
Table 6: P25 Radio Prices 165
Table 7: PSR Frequency Allocation 186
Table 8: History 187
Table 9: Licenses 191
Table 10: Major Bidders (as of January 2008; Excluded Google) 194
Table 11: Benefits 196


Companies Mentioned Alcatel-Lucent Aloha Partners Cyren Call Frontline IPWireless MediaFlo USA (Qualcomm Subsidiary) Vanu


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