1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1. Market value
1.2. Market value forecast
1.3. Market volume
1.4. Market volume forecast
1.5. Category segmentation
1.6. Geography segmentation
1.7. Market share
1.8. Competitive landscape
2 Introduction
2.1. What is this report about?
2.2. Who is the target reader?
2.3. How to use this report
2.4. Definitions
3 Global Electricity Retailing
3.1. Market Overview
3.2. Market Data
3.3. Market Segmentation
3.4. Market outlook
3.5. Five forces analysis
4 Macroeconomic Indicators
4.1. Country data
5 Electricity Retailing in Asia-Pacific
5.1. Market Overview
5.2. Market Data
5.3. Market Segmentation
5.4. Market outlook
5.5. Five forces analysis
6 Electricity Retailing in Europe
6.1. Market Overview
6.2. Market Data
6.3. Market Segmentation
6.4. Market outlook
6.5. Five forces analysis
7 Macroeconomic Indicators
7.1. Country data
8 Electricity Retailing in France
8.1. Market Overview
8.2. Market Data
8.3. Market Segmentation
8.4. Market outlook
8.5. Five forces analysis
9 Macroeconomic Indicators
9.1. Country data
10 Electricity Retailing in Germany
10.1. Market Overview
10.2. Market Data
10.3. Market Segmentation
10.4. Market outlook
10.5. Five forces analysis
11 Macroeconomic Indicators
11.1. Country data
12 Electricity Retailing in Australia
12.1. Market Overview
12.2. Market Data
12.3. Market Segmentation
12.4. Market outlook
12.5. Five forces analysis
13 Macroeconomic Indicators
13.1. Country data
14 Electricity Retailing in Brazil
14.1. Market Overview
14.2. Market Data
14.3. Market Segmentation
14.4. Market outlook
14.5. Five forces analysis
15 Macroeconomic Indicators
15.1. Country data
16 Electricity Retailing in Canada
16.1. Market Overview
16.2. Market Data
16.3. Market Segmentation
16.4. Market outlook
16.5. Five forces analysis
17 Macroeconomic Indicators
17.1. Country data
18 Electricity Retailing in China
18.1. Market Overview
18.2. Market Data
18.3. Market Segmentation
18.4. Market outlook
18.5. Five forces analysis
19 Macroeconomic Indicators
19.1. Country data
20 Electricity Retailing in India
20.1. Market Overview
20.2. Market Data
20.3. Market Segmentation
20.4. Market outlook
20.5. Five forces analysis
21 Macroeconomic Indicators
21.1. Country data
22 Electricity Retailing in Indonesia
22.1. Market Overview
22.2. Market Data
22.3. Market Segmentation
22.4. Market outlook
22.5. Five forces analysis
23 Macroeconomic Indicators
23.1. Country data
24 Electricity Retailing in Italy
24.1. Market Overview
24.2. Market Data
24.3. Market Segmentation
24.4. Market outlook
24.5. Five forces analysis
25 Macroeconomic Indicators
25.1. Country data
26 Electricity Retailing in Japan
26.1. Market Overview
26.2. Market Data
26.3. Market Segmentation
26.4. Market outlook
26.5. Five forces analysis
27 Macroeconomic Indicators
27.1. Country data
28 Electricity Retailing in Mexico
28.1. Market Overview
28.2. Market Data
28.3. Market Segmentation
28.4. Market outlook
28.5. Five forces analysis
29 Macroeconomic Indicators
29.1. Country data
30 Electricity Retailing in The Netherlands
30.1. Market Overview
30.2. Market Data
30.3. Market Segmentation
30.4. Market outlook
30.5. Five forces analysis
31 Macroeconomic Indicators
31.1. Country data
32 Electricity Retailing in North America
32.1. Market Overview
32.2. Market Data
32.3. Market Segmentation
32.4. Market outlook
32.5. Five forces analysis
33 Electricity Retailing in Russia
33.1. Market Overview
33.2. Market Data
33.3. Market Segmentation
33.4. Market outlook
33.5. Five forces analysis
34 Macroeconomic Indicators
34.1. Country data
35 Electricity Retailing in Scandinavia
35.1. Market Overview
35.2. Market Data
35.3. Market Segmentation
35.4. Market outlook
35.5. Five forces analysis
36 Electricity Retailing in Singapore
36.1. Market Overview
36.2. Market Data
36.3. Market Segmentation
36.4. Market outlook
36.5. Five forces analysis
37 Macroeconomic Indicators
37.1. Country data
38 Electricity Retailing in South Africa
38.1. Market Overview
38.2. Market Data
38.3. Market Segmentation
38.4. Market outlook
38.5. Five forces analysis
39 Macroeconomic Indicators
39.1. Country data
40 Electricity Retailing in South Korea
40.1. Market Overview
40.2. Market Data
40.3. Market Segmentation
40.4. Market outlook
40.5. Five forces analysis
41 Macroeconomic Indicators
41.1. Country data
42 Electricity Retailing in Spain
42.1. Market Overview
42.2. Market Data
42.3. Market Segmentation
42.4. Market outlook
42.5. Five forces analysis
43 Macroeconomic Indicators
43.1. Country data
44 Electricity Retailing in Turkey
44.1. Market Overview
44.2. Market Data
44.3. Market Segmentation
44.4. Market outlook
44.5. Five forces analysis
45 Macroeconomic Indicators
45.1. Country data
46 Electricity Retailing in The United Kingdom
46.1. Market Overview
46.2. Market Data
46.3. Market Segmentation
46.4. Market outlook
46.5. Five forces analysis
47 Macroeconomic Indicators
47.1. Country data
48 Electricity Retailing in The United States
48.1. Market Overview
48.2. Market Data
48.3. Market Segmentation
48.4. Market outlook
48.5. Five forces analysis
49 Macroeconomic Indicators
49.1. Country data
50 Company Profiles
50.1. PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) Tbk
50.2. Korea Electric Power Corporation
50.3. Endesa SA
50.4. JSC Inter RAO
50.5. Ausgrid
50.6. Synergy
50.7. AGL Energy Limited
50.8. BC Hydro
50.9. Enexis Netbeheer BV
50.10. Comision Federal de Electricidad
50.11. Vattenfall GmbH
50.12. Statkraft AS
50.13. Helen Ltd
50.14. Orsted AS
50.15. Senoko Energy Supply Pte Ltd
50.16. YTL PowerSeraya Pte. Limited
50.17. Keppel Ltd.
50.18. Tuas Power Ltd
50.19. Enerjisa Enerji Uretim AS
50.20. Bogazici Elektrik Dagitim AS
50.21. Aydem Yenilenebilir Enerji AS
50.22. TotalEnergies S.E.
50.23. Electricite de France SA
50.24. RWE Power AG
50.25. E.ON SE
50.26. Gazprom Energoholding
50.27. RusHydro
50.28. Eskom Holdings SOC Limited
50.29. Engie Brasil Energia SA
50.30. Companhia Energetica de Minas Gerais - CEMIG
50.31. CPFL Energia S.A.
50.32. China Power Investment Corp
50.33. Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited
50.34. Torrent Power Limited
50.35. The Tata Power Company Limited
50.36. NHPC Ltd
50.37. Iberdrola, S.A.
50.38. Engie SA
50.39. Entega AG
50.40. EnBW Energie Baden-Wurttemberg A.G.
50.41. Eni SpA
50.42. A2A SpA
50.43. Edison S.p.A.
50.44. Enel SpA
50.45. Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc.
50.46. The Kansai Electric Power Co, Incorporated
50.47. Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc.
50.48. Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc.
50.49. Origin Energy Limited
50.50. ENMAX Power Corporation
50.51. Hydro-Quebec
50.52. Hydro One Ltd
50.53. China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd.
50.54. Alliander NV
50.55. Stedin Netbeheer BV
50.56. Naturgy Energy Group SA
50.57. Ovo Energy Ltd
50.58. British Gas Ltd
50.59. Octopus Energy Ltd
50.60. Southern Company
50.61. Entergy Corporation
50.62. Duke Energy Corporation
50.63. American Electric Power Company, Inc.
51 Appendix
51.1. Methodology
51.2. About the Publisher
List of Tables
Table 1: Global electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 2: Global electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Table 3: Global electricity retailing market category segmentation: % share, by volume, 2018-2023
Table 4: Global electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Table 5: Global electricity retailing market geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 6: Global electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Table 7: Global electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Table 8: Global electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Table 9: Global size of population (million), 2019-23
Table 10: Global gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 11: Global gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 12: Global inflation, 2019-23
Table 13: Global consumer price index (absolute), 2019-23
Table 14: Global exchange rate, 2019-23
Table 15: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 16: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Table 17: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market category segmentation: % share, by volume, 2018-2023
Table 18: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Table 19: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 20: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Table 21: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Table 22: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Table 23: Europe electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 24: Europe electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Table 25: Europe electricity retailing market category segmentation: % share, by volume, 2018-2023
Table 26: Europe electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Table 27: Europe electricity retailing market geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 28: Europe electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Table 29: Europe electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Table 30: Europe electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Table 31: Europe size of population (million), 2019-23
Table 32: Europe gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 33: Europe gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 34: Europe inflation, 2019-23
Table 35: Europe consumer price index (absolute), 2019-23
Table 36: Europe exchange rate, 2019-23
Table 37: France electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 38: France electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Table 39: France electricity retailing market category segmentation: % share, by volume, 2018-2023
Table 40: France electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Table 41: France electricity retailing market geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 42: France electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Table 43: France electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Table 44: France electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Table 45: France size of population (million), 2019-23
Table 46: France gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 47: France gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 48: France inflation, 2019-23
Table 49: France consumer price index (absolute), 2019-23
Table 50: France exchange rate, 2019-23
Table 51: Germany electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 52: Germany electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Table 53: Germany electricity retailing market category segmentation: % share, by volume, 2018-2023
Table 54: Germany electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Table 55: Germany electricity retailing market geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 56: Germany electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Table 57: Germany electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Table 58: Germany electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Table 59: Germany size of population (million), 2019-23
Table 60: Germany gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 61: Germany gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 62: Germany inflation, 2019-23
Table 63: Germany consumer price index (absolute), 2019-23
Table 64: Germany exchange rate, 2019-23
Table 65: Australia electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 66: Australia electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Table 67: Australia electricity retailing market category segmentation: % share, by volume, 2018-2023
Table 68: Australia electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Table 69: Australia electricity retailing market geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 70: Australia electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Table 71: Australia electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Table 72: Australia electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Table 73: Australia size of population (million), 2019-23
Table 74: Australia gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 75: Australia gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 76: Australia inflation, 2019-23
Table 77: Australia consumer price index (absolute), 2019-23
Table 78: Australia exchange rate, 2019-23
Table 79: Brazil electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 80: Brazil electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Table 81: Brazil electricity retailing market category segmentation: % share, by volume, 2018-2023
Table 82: Brazil electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Table 83: Brazil electricity retailing market geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 84: Brazil electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Table 85: Brazil electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Table 86: Brazil size of population (million), 2019-23
Table 87: Brazil gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 88: Brazil gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 89: Brazil inflation, 2019-23
Table 90: Brazil consumer price index (absolute), 2019-23
Table 91: Brazil exchange rate, 2019-23
Table 92: Canada electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 93: Canada electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Table 94: Canada electricity retailing market category segmentation: % share, by volume, 2018-2023
Table 95: Canada electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Table 96: Canada electricity retailing market geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
Table 97: Canada electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Table 98: Canada electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Table 99: Canada electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Table 100: Canada size of population (million), 2019-23
Table 101: Canada gdp (constant 2005 prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 102: Canada gdp (current prices, $ billion), 2019-23
Table 103: Canada inflation, 2019-23
Table 104: Canada consumer price index (absolute), 2019-23
Table 105: Canada exchange rate, 2019-23
Table 106: China electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Table 107: China electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Table 108: China electricity retailing market category segmentation: % share, by volume, 2018-2023
Table 109: China electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Table 110: China electricity retailing market geography segmentation: $ billion, 2023
List of Figures
Figure 1: Global electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 2: Global electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Figure 3: Global electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Figure 4: Global electricity retailing market geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 5: Global electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Figure 6: Global electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Figure 7: Global electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Figure 8: Forces driving competition in the global electricity retailing market, 2023
Figure 9: Drivers of buyer power in the global electricity retailing market, 2023
Figure 10: Drivers of supplier power in the global electricity retailing market, 2023
Figure 11: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the global electricity retailing market, 2023
Figure 12: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the global electricity retailing market, 2023
Figure 13: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the global electricity retailing market, 2023
Figure 14: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 15: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Figure 16: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Figure 17: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 18: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Figure 19: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Figure 20: Asia-Pacific electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Figure 21: Forces driving competition in the electricity retailing market in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 22: Drivers of buyer power in the electricity retailing market in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 23: Drivers of supplier power in the electricity retailing market in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 24: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the electricity retailing market in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 25: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the electricity retailing market in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 26: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the electricity retailing market in Asia-Pacific, 2023
Figure 27: Europe electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 28: Europe electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Figure 29: Europe electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Figure 30: Europe electricity retailing market geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 31: Europe electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Figure 32: Europe electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Figure 33: Europe electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Figure 34: Forces driving competition in the electricity retailing market in Europe, 2023
Figure 35: Drivers of buyer power in the electricity retailing market in Europe, 2023
Figure 36: Drivers of supplier power in the electricity retailing market in Europe, 2023
Figure 37: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the electricity retailing market in Europe, 2023
Figure 38: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the electricity retailing market in Europe, 2023
Figure 39: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the electricity retailing market in Europe, 2023
Figure 40: France electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 41: France electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Figure 42: France electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Figure 43: France electricity retailing market geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 44: France electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Figure 45: France electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Figure 46: France electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Figure 47: Forces driving competition in the electricity retailing market in France, 2023
Figure 48: Drivers of buyer power in the electricity retailing market in France, 2023
Figure 49: Drivers of supplier power in the electricity retailing market in France, 2023
Figure 50: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the electricity retailing market in France, 2023
Figure 51: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the electricity retailing market in France, 2023
Figure 52: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the electricity retailing market in France, 2023
Figure 53: Germany electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 54: Germany electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Figure 55: Germany electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Figure 56: Germany electricity retailing market geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 57: Germany electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Figure 58: Germany electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Figure 59: Germany electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Figure 60: Forces driving competition in the electricity retailing market in Germany, 2023
Figure 61: Drivers of buyer power in the electricity retailing market in Germany, 2023
Figure 62: Drivers of supplier power in the electricity retailing market in Germany, 2023
Figure 63: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the electricity retailing market in Germany, 2023
Figure 64: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the electricity retailing market in Germany, 2023
Figure 65: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the electricity retailing market in Germany, 2023
Figure 66: Australia electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 67: Australia electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Figure 68: Australia electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Figure 69: Australia electricity retailing market geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 70: Australia electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Figure 71: Australia electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Figure 72: Australia electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Figure 73: Forces driving competition in the electricity retailing market in Australia, 2023
Figure 74: Drivers of buyer power in the electricity retailing market in Australia, 2023
Figure 75: Drivers of supplier power in the electricity retailing market in Australia, 2023
Figure 76: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the electricity retailing market in Australia, 2023
Figure 77: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the electricity retailing market in Australia, 2023
Figure 78: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the electricity retailing market in Australia, 2023
Figure 79: Brazil electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 80: Brazil electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Figure 81: Brazil electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Figure 82: Brazil electricity retailing market geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 83: Brazil electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Figure 84: Brazil electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Figure 85: Forces driving competition in the electricity retailing market in Brazil, 2023
Figure 86: Drivers of buyer power in the electricity retailing market in Brazil, 2023
Figure 87: Drivers of supplier power in the electricity retailing market in Brazil, 2023
Figure 88: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the electricity retailing market in Brazil, 2023
Figure 89: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the electricity retailing market in Brazil, 2023
Figure 90: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the electricity retailing market in Brazil, 2023
Figure 91: Canada electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 92: Canada electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Figure 93: Canada electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Figure 94: Canada electricity retailing market geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 95: Canada electricity retailing market share: % share, by volume, 2023
Figure 96: Canada electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Figure 97: Canada electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Figure 98: Forces driving competition in the electricity retailing market in Canada, 2023
Figure 99: Drivers of buyer power in the electricity retailing market in Canada, 2023
Figure 100: Drivers of supplier power in the electricity retailing market in Canada, 2023
Figure 101: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the electricity retailing market in Canada, 2023
Figure 102: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the electricity retailing market in Canada, 2023
Figure 103: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the electricity retailing market in Canada, 2023
Figure 104: China electricity retailing market value: $ billion, 2018-23
Figure 105: China electricity retailing market volume: TWh, 2018-23
Figure 106: China electricity retailing market category segmentation: TWh, 2018-2023
Figure 107: China electricity retailing market geography segmentation: % share, by value, 2023
Figure 108: China electricity retailing market value forecast: $ billion, 2023-28
Figure 109: China electricity retailing market volume forecast: TWh, 2023-28
Figure 110: Forces driving competition in the electricity retailing market in China, 2023
Figure 111: Drivers of buyer power in the electricity retailing market in China, 2023
Figure 112: Drivers of supplier power in the electricity retailing market in China, 2023
Figure 113: Factors influencing the likelihood of new entrants in the electricity retailing market in China, 2023
Figure 114: Factors influencing the threat of substitutes in the electricity retailing market in China, 2023
Figure 115: Drivers of degree of rivalry in the electricity retailing market in China, 2023
