Executive Report on Strategies in Gabon
ICON Group International, June 2007, Pages: 386
How to Strategically Evaluate Gabon
Perhaps the most efficient way of evaluating Gabon is to consider key dimensions which themselves are composites of multiple factors. Composite portfolio approaches have long been used by strategic planners. The biggest challenge in this approach is to choose the appropriate factors that are the most relevant to international planning. The two measures of greatest relevance are “latent demand” and “market accessibility”. The figure below summarizes the key dimensions and recommendations of such an approach. Using these two composites, one can prioritize all countries of the world. Countries of high latent demand and high relative accessibility (e.g. easier entry for one firm compared to other firms) are given highest priority. The figure below shows two different scenarios. Accessibility is defined as a firm’s ease of entering or supplying from or to a market (the “supply side”), and latent demand is an indicator of the potential in serving from or to the market (the “demand side”).
Framework for Prioritizing Countries
Demand/Market Potential Driven Firm
Relative Accessibility
Accessibility/Supply Averse Firm
Relative Accessibility
In the top figure, the firm is driven by market potential, whereas the bottom figure represents a firm that is driven by costs or by an aversion to difficult markets. This report treats the reader as coming from a “generic firm” approaching the global market - neither a market-driven nor a cost-driven company. Planners must therefore augment this report with their own company-specific factors that might change the priorities.
Latent Demand in Gabon
This report provides an extremely detailed overview of factors driving latent demand in Gabon. Latent demand is largely driven by economic fundamentals. In Chapter 2, I summarize the economic potential for Gabon over the next five years for hundreds of industries, categories, and products. The goal of this chapter is to report my findings on the real economic potential, or latent demand, represented by Gabon when defined as an area of dominant influence. The data presented are the result of various spatial econometric and time-series forecasting models which, for each category presented, are applied to forecast and allocate latent demand across all countries of the world and major distribution centers or centers of dominant influence within each country. This is accomplished knowing that economic fundamentals (e.g. income) generally vary from one country to another within a given country over time. In this chapter, I report the allocation for each category for Gabon as an area of dominant influence in Africa and, potentially, the world.
The report concludes with trade indicators for Gabon. Often, the amount of trade flowing into and out of a country is a strong indicator of trading partners, trade openness, and related latent demand. Trade indicators are purely statistical in nature. Although international trade is not a direct measure of latent demand, it does provide an indicator of general market conditions with respect to trade flows and trade openness in Gabon.
As a whole, this report presents a strategic assessment of Gabon by considering an extremely broad set of factors, as outlined in the following chapters.
ECONOMIC AND PRODUCT MARKETS IN GABON
Introduction & Methodology
Overview & Methodology
In performing various economic analyses for clients, I have occasionally been asked to investigate the market potential for various products and services in Gabon. The purpose of the studies is to understand the density of demand within Gabon and the extent to which Gabon might be used as a point of distribution within Africa. From an economic perspective, however, Gabon does not represent a population within rigid geographical boundaries, rather, it represents an area of dominant influence over markets in adjacent areas. This influence varies from one industry to another, but also from one period of time to another.
In what follows, I summarize the economic potential for Gabon over the next five years for hundreds of industries, categories, and products. The goal of this chapter is to report my findings on the real economic potential, or what an economist calls the latent demand, represented by Gabon when defined as an area of dominant influence. The reader needs to realize that latent demand may or may not represent real sales. For many items, latent demand is clearly observable in sales, as in the case for food or housing items. Consider, however, the category "satellite launch vehicles". Clearly, there are no launch pads in Gabon used by the space industry to launch satellites. However, the core benefit of the vehicles (e.g. telecommunications, etc.) is "consumed" by the area served by Gabon. Without Gabon, in other words, the market for satellite launch vehicles would be lower for the population in Gabon, Africa, or the world in general. One needs to allocate, therefore, a portion of the worldwide economic demand for launch vehicles to both Africa and Gabon.
The data presented are the result of various spatial econometric and time-series forecasting models which, for each category presented, are applied to forecast and allocate latent demand across all countries of the world and major distribution centers or centers of dominant influence within each country. This is accomplished knowing that economic fundamentals (e.g. income) generally vary from one country to another within a given country over time. In this chapter, I report the allocation for each category for Gabon as an area of dominant influence in Africa and, potentially, the world.
Market Potential Estimation Methodology
Overview
This chapter covers the outlook for products in Gabon. For the year reported, estimates are given for the latent demand, or potential industry earnings (P.I.E.), for Gabon (in millions of U.S. dollars). Comparative benchmarks allow the reader to quickly gauge Gabon vis-à-vis regional and global totals. Using econometric models which project fundamental economic dynamics within each country and across countries, latent demand estimates are created. This chapter does not discuss the specific players in the market serving the latent demand, nor specific details at the product level. The chapter does not consider short-term cyclicalities that might affect realized sales. The chapter, therefore, is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved.
This chapter does not report actual sales data, but gives, however, my estimates for the latent demand for products and services in Gabon. For each category, I also show my estimates of how the P.I.E. grows over time (positive or negative growth). In order to make these estimates, a multi-stage methodology was employed that is often taught in courses on international strategic planning at graduate schools of business.
What Is Latent Demand and the P.I.E.?
The concept of latent demand is rather subtle. The term latent typically refers to something that is dormant, not observable, or not yet realized. Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target population or market requires under different assumptions of price, quality, and distribution, among other factors. Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. It is a measure, therefore, of potential industry earnings (P.I.E.) or total revenues (not profit) if a market is served in an efficient manner. It is typically expressed as the total revenues potentially extracted by firms. The “market” is defined at a given level in the value chain. There can be latent demand at the retail level, at the wholesale level, the manufacturing level, and the raw materials level (the P.I.E. of higher levels of the value chain being always smaller than the P.I.E. of levels at lower levels of the same value chain, assuming all levels maintain minimum profitability).
The latent demand is not actual or historic sales. Nor is latent demand future sales. In fact, latent demand can be either lower or higher than actual sales if a market is inefficient (i.e., not representative of relatively competitive levels). Inefficiencies arise from a number of factors, including the lack of international openness, cultural barriers to consumption, regulations, and cartel-like behavior on the part of firms. In general, however, latent demand is typically larger than actual sales in a country market. It should be noted that the estimates are “culture blind” and “climate blind”, meaning that sales may in fact be lower than the latent demand due to cultural or exogenous factors, such as religion or climate (e.g. the presence of certain religions can effect the actual sales of certain food and beverage products, in the same way that climatic conditions can affect the actual sales of clothing and/or heating products). The estimates of latent demand do not explicitly control for either these long-run exogenous factors or shot-run exogenous factors that may be present from year to year (e.g. the effects of war, SARS, terrorist activities, civil wars, natural disasters, elections, or similar events).
For reasons discussed later, this chapter does not consider the notion of “unit quantities”, only total latent revenues (i.e., a calculation of price times quantity is never made, though one is implied). The units used in this chapter are U.S. dollars not adjusted for inflation (i.e., the figures incorporate inflationary trends) and not adjusted for future dynamics in exchange rates (i.e., the figures reflect average exchange rates over recent history). If inflation rates or exchange rates vary in a substantial way compared to recent experience, actually sales can also exceed latent demand (when expressed in U.S. dollars, not adjusted for inflation). On the other hand, latent demand can be typically higher than actual sales as there are often distribution inefficiencies that reduce actual sales below the level of latent demand.
As mentioned earlier, this chapter is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved. If fact, all the current products or services on the market can cease to exist in their present form (i.e., at a brand, R&D specification, or corporate-image level) and all the players can be replaced by other firms (i.e., via exits, entries, mergers, bankruptcies, etc.), and there will still be an international latent demand at the aggregate level. Product and service offering details, and the actual identity of the players involved, while important for certain issues, are relatively unimportant for estimates of latent demand.
The Methodology
In order to estimate the latent demand for Gabon, I used a multi-stage approach. Before applying the approach, one needs a basic theory from which such estimates are created. In this case, I heavily rely on the use of certain basic economic assumptions. In particular, there is an assumption governing the shape and type of aggregate latent demand functions. Latent demand functions relate the income of a country, city, state, household, or individual to realized consumption. Latent demand (often realized as consumption when an industry is efficient), at any level of the value chain, takes place if an equilibrium is realized. For firms to serve a market, they must perceive a latent demand and be able to serve that demand at a minimal return. The single most important variable determining consumption, assuming latent demand exists, is income (or other financial resources at higher levels of the value chain). Other factors that can pivot or shape demand curves include external or exogenous shocks (i.e., business cycles), and or changes in utility for the product in question.
Ignoring, for the moment, exogenous shocks and variations in utility across countries, the aggregate relation between income and consumption has been a central theme in economics. The figure below concisely summarizes one aspect of problem. In the 1930s, John Meynard Keynes conjectured that as incomes rise, the average propensity to consume would fall. The average propensity to consume is the level of consumption divided by the level of income, or the slope of the line from the origin to the consumption function. He estimated this relationship empirically and found it to be true in the short-run (mostly based on cross-sectional data). The higher the income, the lower the average propensity to consume. This type of consumption function is labeled "A" in the figure below (note the rather flat slope of the curve). In the 1940s, another macroeconomist, Simon Kuznets, estimated long-run consumption functions which indicated that the marginal propensity to consume was rather constant (using time series data across countries). This type of consumption function is show as "B" in the figure below (note the higher slope and zero-zero intercept). The average propensity to consume is constant.
Is it declining or is it constant? A number of other economists, notably Franco Modigliani and Milton Friedman, in the 1950s (and Irving Fisher earlier), explained why the two functions were different using various assumptions on intertemporal budget constraints, savings, and wealth. The shorter the time horizon, the more consumption can depend on wealth (earned in previous years) and business cycles. In the long-run, however, the propensity to consume is more constant. Similarly, in the long run, households, industries, or countries with no income eventually have no consumption (wealth is depleted). While the debate surrounding beliefs about how income and consumption are related and interesting, in this chapter a very particular school of thought is adopted. In particular, we are considering the latent demand across some 230 countries. The smallest have fewer than 10,000 inhabitants. I assume that all of these counties fall along a "long-run" aggregate consumption function. This long-run function applies despite some of these countries having wealth; current income dominates the latent demand. So, latent demand in the long-run has a zero intercept. However, I allow firms to have different propensities to consume (including being on consumption functions with differing slopes, which can account for differences in industrial organization and end-user preferences).
Given this overriding philosophy, I will now describe the methodology used to create the latent demand estimates for Gabon. Since ICON Group has asked me to apply this methodology to a large number of categories and countries, the rather academic discussion below is general and can be applied to a wide variety of categories and countries, not just Gabon.
Step 1. Product Definition and Data Collection
Any study of latent demand across countries and within Gabon requires that some standard be established to define “efficiently served”. Having implemented various alternatives and matched these with market outcomes, I have found that the optimal approach is to assume that certain key countries are more likely to be at or near efficiency than others. These countries are given greater weight than others in the estimation of latent demand compared to other countries for which no known data are available. Of the many alternatives, I have found the assumption that the world’s highest aggregate income and highest income-per-capita markets reflect the best standards for “efficiency”. High aggregate income alone is not sufficient (i.e., China has high aggregate income, but low income per capita and cannot assumed to be efficient). Aggregate income can be operationalized in a number of ways, including gross domestic product (for industrial categories), or total disposable income (for household categories; population times average income per capita, or number of households times average household income per capita). Brunei, Nauru, Kuwait, and Lichtenstein are examples of countries with high income per capita, but not assumed to be efficient, given low aggregate level of income (or gross domestic product); these countries have, however, high incomes per capita but may not benefit from the efficiencies derived from economies of scale associated with large economies. Only countries with high income per capita and large aggregate income are assumed efficient. This greatly restricts the pool of countries to those in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), like the United States or the United Kingdom (which were earlier than other large OECD economies to liberalize their markets).
The selection of countries is further reduced by the fact that not all countries in the OECD report industry revenues at the category level. Countries that typically have ample data at the aggregate level that meet the efficiency criteria include the United States, the United Kingdom and in some cases France and Germany.
Latent demand for Gabon is therefore estimated using data collected for relatively efficient markets from independent data sources (e.g. Euromonitor, Mintel, Thomson Financial Services, the U.S. Industrial Outlook, the World Resources Institute, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, various agencies from the United Nations, industry trade associations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank). Depending on original data sources used, the definition of a category is established. In the case of this chapter, the data were reported at the aggregate level, with no further breakdown or definition. In other words, any potential product or service that might be incorporated within a category falls under the broadest definition of the category. Public sources rarely report data at the disaggregated level in order to protect private information from individual firms that might dominate a specific product-market. These sources will therefore aggregate across components of a category and report only the aggregate to the public. While private data are certainly available, this chapter only relies on public data at the aggregate level without reliance on the summation of various category components. In other words, this chapter does not aggregate a number of components to arrive at the “whole”. Rather, it starts with the “whole”, and estimates the whole for all countries and the world at large (without needing to know the specific parts that went into the whole in the first place). All figures in this chapter are for sales resulting from retail channels.
Step 2. Filtering and Smoothing
Based on the aggregate view of categories as defined above, data were then collected for as many similar countries as possible for that same definition, at the same level of the value chain. This generates a convenience sample of countries from which comparable figures are available. If the series in question do not reflect the same accounting period, then adjustments are made. In order to eliminate short-term effects of business cycles, the series are smoothed using an 2 year moving average weighting scheme (longer weighting schemes do not substantially change the results). If data are available for a country, but these reflect short-run aberrations due to exogenous shocks (such as would be the case of beef sales in a country stricken with foot-and-mouth disease), these observations were dropped or "filtered" from the analysis.
Step 3. Filling in Missing Values
In some cases, data are available for countries on a sporadic basis. In other cases, data from a country may be available for only one year. From a Bayesian perspective, these observations should be given greatest weight in estimating missing years. Assuming that other factors are held constant, the missing years are extrapolated using changes and growth in aggregate national income. Based on the overriding philosophy of a long-run consumption function (defined earlier), countries which have missing data for any given year, are estimated based on historical dynamics of aggregate income for that country.
Step 4. Varying Parameter, Non-Linear Estimation
Given the data available from the first three steps, the latent demand in additional countries is estimated using a “varying-parameter cross-sectionally pooled time series model”. Simply stated, the effect of income on latent demand is assumed to be constant across countries unless there is empirical evidence to suggest that this effect varies (i.e., . the slope of the income effect is not necessarily same for all countries). This assumption applies across countries along the aggregate consumption function, but also over time (i.e., not all countries are perceived to have the same income growth prospects over time and this effect can vary from country to country as well). Another way of looking at this is to say that latent demand is more likely to be similar across countries that have similar characteristics in terms of economic development (i.e., African countries will have similar latent demand structures controlling for the income variation across the pool of African countries).
This approach is useful across countries for which some notion of non-linearity exists in the aggregate cross-country consumption function. For some categories, however, the reader must realize that the numbers will reflect the contribution of Gabon to global latent demand and may never be realized in the form of local sales. For certain country-category combinations this will result in what at first glance will be odd results. For example, the latent demand for the category “space vehicles” will exist for “Togo” even though they have no space program. The assumption is that if the economies in these countries did not exist, the world aggregate for these categories would be lower. The share attributed to these countries is based on a proportion of their income (however small) being used to consume the category in question (i.e., perhaps via resellers).
Step 5. Fixed-Parameter Linear Estimation
Non-linearities are assumed in cases where filtered data exist along the aggregate consumption function. Because the world consists of more than 200 countries, there will always be those countries, especially toward the bottom of the consumption function, where non-linear estimation is simply not possible. For these countries, equilibrium latent demand is assumed to be perfectly parametric and not a function of wealth (i.e., a country’s stock of income), but a function of current income (a country’s flow of income). In the long run, if a country has no current income, the latent demand is assumed to approach zero. The assumption is that wealth stocks fall rapidly to zero if flow income falls to zero (i.e., countries which earn low levels of income will not use their savings, in the long run, to demand). In a graphical sense, for low income countries, latent demand approaches zero in a parametric linear fashion with a zero-zero intercept. In this stage of the estimation procedure, low-income countries are assumed to have a latent demand proportional to their income, based on the country closest to it on the aggregate consumption function.
Step 6. Aggregation and Benchmarking
Based on the models described above, latent demand figures are estimated for all countries of the world, for Gabon and for the smallest economies. These are then aggregated to get world totals and regional totals. To make the numbers more meaningful, regional and global demand figures are presented. Figures are rounded, so minor inconsistencies may exist across tables.
1 INTRODUCTION & METHODOLOGY 15
1.1 What Does This Report Cover? 15
1.2 How to Strategically Evaluate Gabon 15
1.3 Latent Demand in Gabon 17
2 ECONOMIC AND PRODUCT MARKETS IN GABON 18
2.1 Introduction & Methodology 18
2.1.1 Overview & Methodology 18
2.1.2 Market Potential Estimation Methodology 18
2.2 Summary Rankings 24
2.3 Latent Demand Forecasts 35
2.3.1 Adhesives and Sealants 35
2.3.2 Advertising Services 35
2.3.3 Aerospace and Defense Equipment 36
2.3.4 Aftermarket Passenger Car Tires 36
2.3.5 Air Freight Services 37
2.3.6 Alcoholic Beverages 37
2.3.7 Ales and Stouts 38
2.3.8 Alimentary and Metabolism Pharmaceuticals 38
2.3.9 Aluminum Die-Casting Foundries 39
2.3.10 Amusement and Recreation Services 39
2.3.11 Analgesics 40
2.3.12 Analog Color Televisions 40
2.3.13 Antidepressant Pharmaceuticals 41
2.3.14 Apparel and Accessories 41
2.3.15 Appetizers and Dips 42
2.3.16 Apples 42
2.3.17 Applications Software 43
2.3.18 Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) 43
2.3.19 Architectural Services 44
2.3.20 Athletic Footwear 44
2.3.21 Auto and Home Supply Stores 45
2.3.22 Aviation Services 45
2.3.23 Baby Formula 46
2.3.24 Baked Goods 46
2.3.25 Bakery Products 47
2.3.26 Bananas 47
2.3.27 Base Chemicals 48
2.3.28 Battery Eggs 48
2.3.29 Beauty and Barber Shops 49
2.3.30 Beer 49
2.3.31 Bicycles and Bicycle Accessories 50
2.3.32 Biotechnology 50
2.3.33 Bituminous Coal 51
2.3.34 Blended Whiskey 51
2.3.35 Boat Building 52
2.3.36 Boilers 52
2.3.37 Book Publishing 53
2.3.38 Bottled Water 53
2.3.39 Bottles of Lager Beer 54
2.3.40 Bread 54
2.3.41 Breakfast Cereals 55
2.3.42 Breweries 55
2.3.43 Broadband Internet Access 56
2.3.44 Broadwoven Fabric Finishing Mills 56
2.3.45 Brown and Wholemeal Bread 57
2.3.46 Building Materials and Garden Supplies 57
2.3.47 Business and School Supplies 58
2.3.48 Butcher Shops 58
2.3.49 Cable TV 59
2.3.50 CAD/CAM/CAE Software 59
2.3.51 Cafes and Restaurants 60
2.3.52 Cakes and Pastries 60
2.3.53 Camcorders 61
2.3.54 Campgrounds and Recreational Vehicle Parks 61
2.3.55 Candy 62
2.3.56 Cans of Lager Beer 62
2.3.57 Car Aftermarket Products 63
2.3.58 Casinos and Gambling 63
2.3.59 Cat Food 64
2.3.60 CD Players 64
2.3.61 Cellular Telephones 65
2.3.62 Cement Construction Materials 65
2.3.63 Cemeteries and Crematories 66
2.3.64 Chemicals 66
2.3.65 Chilled and Deli Food 67
2.3.66 Chips and Crisps 67
2.3.67 Chocolate Candy 68
2.3.68 Cigarette Manufacturing 68
2.3.69 Citrus Fruit 69
2.3.70 Civil Aerospace Equipment 69
2.3.71 Clay Building Products 70
2.3.72 Clothing Accessories 70
2.3.73 Coin-Operated Laundries and Dry Cleaners 71
2.3.74 Colas 71
2.3.75 Collection Agencies 72
2.3.76 Color Televisions 72
2.3.77 Combination Refrigerator-Freezers 73
2.3.78 Commercial Banking 73
2.3.79 Communications Services 74
2.3.80 Compact Discs (CDs) 74
2.3.81 Complete Dry Dog Food 75
2.3.82 Computer Hardware 75
2.3.83 Concrete Building Products 76
2.3.84 Console Video Games 76
2.3.85 Construction and Engineering Services 77
2.3.86 Consumer Chemicals 77
2.3.87 Continental and Specialty Plant Bread 78
2.3.88 Convenience Stores 78
2.3.89 Cookies and Crackers 79
2.3.90 Cooking Ranges 79
2.3.91 Corporate Strategy Services 80
2.3.92 Cosmetics and Toiletries 80
2.3.93 Costume Jewelry 81
2.3.94 Cotton Yarn 81
2.3.95 Credit Bureaus 82
2.3.96 Cross/utility Vehicles (CUVs) 82
2.3.97 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction 83
2.3.98 Cruise Ship Tourism 83
2.3.99 Crushed and Broken Stone 84
2.3.100 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing 84
2.3.101 Daily Newspapers 85
2.3.102 Dark Brandy 85
2.3.103 Data Processing and Network Services 86
2.3.104 Defense Industry Equipment 86
2.3.105 Deli Food 87
2.3.106 Department Stores 87
2.3.107 Depository Credit Intermediation 88
2.3.108 Designer Bath and Shower Products 88
2.3.109 Desktop Personal Computers 89
2.3.110 Dial-Up Internet Access 89
2.3.111 Diesel Trucks 90
2.3.112 Digital Cameras 90
2.3.113 Dining Out 91
2.3.114 Direct Selling Establishments 91
2.3.115 Discount Superstores 92
2.3.116 Discrete Semiconductors 92
2.3.117 Disposable Health Care Equipment and Supplies 93
2.3.118 Distillate Fuel Oil 93
2.3.119 Distilleries 94
2.3.120 Dog Food 94
2.3.121 Dolls and Figures 95
2.3.122 Domestic Water Utilities 95
2.3.123 DRAM (dynamic Random Access Memory) 96
2.3.124 Draught Lager Beer 96
2.3.125 Dried Food 97
2.3.126 Drug Delivery Systems 97
2.3.127 Durable Goods 98
2.3.128 DVD Players 98
2.3.129 Eating and Drinking Places 99
2.3.130 Education and Training Services 99
2.3.131 Electron Tubes 100
2.3.132 Elementary and Secondary Schools 100
2.3.133 Engineering Services 101
2.3.134 Envelope Manufacturing 101
2.3.135 Environmental Consulting Services 102
2.3.136 Ethnic Hair Care Products 102
2.3.137 Everyday Cookies 103
2.3.138 Extended Stay and Business Suite Motels 103
2.3.139 Exterminating and Pest Control Services 104
2.3.140 Family Clothing Stores 104
2.3.141 Farm Machinery and Equipment 105
2.3.142 Fast Food 105
2.3.143 Fax Machines 106
2.3.144 Financial Services 106
2.3.145 Fixed-Line Telecommunications Services 107
2.3.146 Flash Memory 107
2.3.147 Floor Coverings 108
2.3.148 Flour Milling 108
2.3.149 Folding Paperboard Boxes 109
2.3.150 Food Advertising 109
2.3.151 Forestry and Fishing 110
2.3.152 Fossil Fuel-Powered Electric Power Generation 110
2.3.153 Fragrances 111
2.3.154 Franchising 111
2.3.155 Fresh Beef and Veal 112
2.3.156 Fuel Dealers 112
2.3.157 Funeral Homes 113
2.3.158 Gambling 113
2.3.159 Gaming Computer Systems 114
2.3.160 Gardening Supplies, Outdoor Furniture, and Plants 114
2.3.161 General Merchandise stores 115
2.3.162 Generic Prescription Drugs 115
2.3.163 Gift, Novelty, and Souvenir Stores 116
2.3.164 Gifts 116
2.3.165 Gin 117
2.3.166 Glass Container Manufacturing 117
2.3.167 Global Positioning System (GPS) Receivers 118
2.3.168 Gold Ores 118
2.3.169 Golf Equipment 119
2.3.170 Gourmet Potato Chips 119
2.3.171 Government Public Health Activities 120
2.3.172 Grape Juice 120
2.3.173 Graphic Design Services 121
2.3.174 Green Vegetables 121
2.3.175 Greeting Cards 122
2.3.176 Grocery Discounters 122
2.3.177 GSM-Based Cellular Telephones 123
2.3.178 Guided Missiles and Space Vehicles 123
2.3.179 Gypsum Products 124
2.3.180 Hard Cheese 124
2.3.181 HDTV 125
2.3.182 Health Care Equipment and Supplies 125
2.3.183 Highway and Street Construction 126
2.3.184 Hispanic Music Television 126
2.3.185 Hi-Tech Logistics 127
2.3.186 Hobby, Toy, and Game Stores 127
2.3.187 Home Improvement Retailers 128
2.3.188 Hospital Food Service 128
2.3.189 Household Textiles and Soft Furnishings 129
2.3.190 Human Resource Management Services 129
2.3.191 Hunting, Trapping, and Game Propagation 130
2.3.192 Ice Cream 130
2.3.193 Imported Whiskey 131
2.3.194 Impulse Ice Cream 131
2.3.195 In Vitro Diagnostic Equipment 132
2.3.196 IP-Based Enterprise Networking Equipment 132
2.3.197 Janitorial Services 133
2.3.198 Jewelry Stores 133
2.3.199 Juice 134
2.3.200 Kitchen Appliances 134
2.3.201 Knitwear 135
2.3.202 Lager Beer 135
2.3.203 Laptop Computers 136
2.3.204 Large Household Appliances 136
2.3.205 Lawn and Garden Equipment and Supplies Stores 137
2.3.206 Leather and Leather Products 137
2.3.207 Legal Services 138
2.3.208 Leisure Education 138
2.3.209 Lemonade 139
2.3.210 Lemon-Flavored Bottled Water 139
2.3.211 Life Insurance Sold by Life Insurance Companies 140
2.3.212 Linen and Uniform Supply 140
2.3.213 Lingerie 141
2.3.214 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 141
2.3.215 Liqueurs 142
2.3.216 Local and Interurban Passenger Transit 142
2.3.217 Logging 143
2.3.218 Logistics for the Pharmaceutical Industry 143
2.3.219 Lumber and Wood Products 144
2.3.220 Machine Tools 144
2.3.221 Machining Precision Turned Products 145
2.3.222 Magazines 145
2.3.223 Mainstream Tea 146
2.3.224 Malt Beverages 146
2.3.225 Management Consulting Services 147
2.3.226 Manifold Business Forms 147
2.3.227 Manmade Fabric Mills 148
2.3.228 Manufactured Mobile Home Dealers 148
2.3.229 Manufacturing Dog and Cat Food 149
2.3.230 Marine Freight Services 149
2.3.231 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling 150
2.3.232 Materials Handling Machinery 150
2.3.233 Measuring and Controlling Instruments 151
2.3.234 Meat and Poultry 151
2.3.235 Media Advertising 152
2.3.236 Medical Biotechnology 152
2.3.237 Medium and Heavy Trucks 153
2.3.238 Mens Grooming Products 153
2.3.239 Menswear 154
2.3.240 Menthol Cigarettes 154
2.3.241 Millwork 155
2.3.242 Mineral Water 155
2.3.243 Moist Cat Food 156
2.3.244 Morning Bakery Goods 156
2.3.245 Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment 157
2.3.246 Music and Video Game Stores 157
2.3.247 NAND Flash Memory Cards 158
2.3.248 National Newspapers 158
2.3.249 New Car Dealers 159
2.3.250 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing 159
2.3.251 Non-Airport Car Rentals 160
2.3.252 Non-Chocolate Confectionery Manufacturing 160
2.3.253 Non-Citrus Fruit 161
2.3.254 Non-Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing 161
2.3.255 Non-Daily Newspapers 162
2.3.256 Non-Depository Credit Intermediation 162
2.3.257 Non-Durable Goods 163
2.3.258 Non-Farm Housing Services 163
2.3.259 Non-Food Retail Sales 164
2.3.260 Non-Interest Commercial Banking 164
2.3.261 Non-Metallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying 165
2.3.262 Non-Residential Construction and Engineering 165
2.3.263 Non-Store Retailers and Mail Order 166
2.3.264 Non-Wood Office Furniture Manufacturing 166
2.3.265 Nonwoven Fabric Mills 167
2.3.266 Nuclear Electric Power Generation 167
2.3.267 Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores 168
2.3.268 Nursing Homes 168
2.3.269 Office Supplies and Stationery Stores 169
2.3.270 Oil, Gas, and Mining Exploration Services 169
2.3.271 Oils and Fats 170
2.3.272 Operations Management Services 170
2.3.273 Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing 171
2.3.274 Optical Goods and Eye Care Products 171
2.3.275 Oral Drug Delivery Systems 172
2.3.276 Orange Juice 172
2.3.277 OTC Healthcare Products 173
2.3.278 Outerwear Clothing and Accessories 173
2.3.279 Outsourcing Services 174
2.3.280 Ovens and Stoves 174
2.3.281 Over-The-Counter Drugs 175
2.3.282 Packaging and Labeling Services 175
2.3.283 Paid Internet Search Advertising 176
2.3.284 Paint and Wallpaper Stores 176
2.3.285 Parking Lots, Garages, and Valet Parking Services 177
2.3.286 Passenger Transportation 177
2.3.287 Passive Components 178
2.3.288 Pasta and Noodles 178
2.3.289 Periodicals 179
2.3.290 Perishable Prepared Foods Manufacturing 179
2.3.291 Permanent Employment Services 180
2.3.292 Personal Stationery 180
2.3.293 Pet Care Products 181
2.3.294 Pharmacies and Drug Stores 181
2.3.295 Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing 182
2.3.296 Physicians Services 182
2.3.297 Pizzas 183
2.3.298 Plant Bread 183
2.3.299 Plumbing Products 184
2.3.300 Pollution Control Equipment and Services 184
2.3.301 Port and Shipbuilding Equipment 185
2.3.302 Potato Chips 185
2.3.303 Poultry Products 186
2.3.304 Precious Metal Jewelry and Personal Articles 186
2.3.305 Prefabricated Metal Buildings 187
2.3.306 Prerecorded Tape, Compact Disc, and Record Stores 187
2.3.307 Prescription Eyeglass Frames 188
2.3.308 Presentation Materials 188
2.3.309 Primary Metal Industries 189
2.3.310 Printed Circuit Boards 189
2.3.311 Printers 190
2.3.312 Printing Special Business Forms and Checkbooks 190
2.3.313 Private Residential Construction 191
2.3.314 Professional Computer Services 191
2.3.315 Programmable Logic Devices 192
2.3.316 Property and Casualty Insurance 192
2.3.317 Public Residential Construction 193
2.3.318 Publishing Advertising 193
2.3.319 Pubs, Clubs, and Nightclubs 194
2.3.320 Pulmonary Drug Delivery Systems 194
2.3.321 Pulp Mills 195
2.3.322 Radio and Television Broadcasting 195
2.3.323 Railroad Freight Services 196
2.3.324 Ready Pasta 196
2.3.325 Real Jewelry 197
2.3.326 Reconstituted Wood Products 197
2.3.327 Recorded Music 198
2.3.328 Recreational Vehicle Dealers 198
2.3.329 Red Meat 199
2.3.330 Refrigeration Appliances 199
2.3.331 Regional Newspapers 200
2.3.332 Relays and Industrial Controls 200
2.3.333 Remediation Services 201
2.3.334 Rendering Animal Fat, Bones, and Meat Scraps 201
2.3.335 Replacement Tires for Cars and Light Vans 202
2.3.336 Residential Construction 202
2.3.337 Residual Fuel Oil 203
2.3.338 Retail Logistics 203
2.3.339 Retirement Savings Plans 204
2.3.340 Root Vegetables 204
2.3.341 Sanitary Protection Products 205
2.3.342 Sauces, Salad Dressings, and Condiments 205
2.3.343 Sawmills 206
2.3.344 School Food Service 206
2.3.345 Scrap Recycling 207
2.3.346 Screw Machine Products 207
2.3.347 Security and Commodity Brokers and Dealers 208
2.3.348 Services 208
2.3.349 Sewing, Needlework, and Piece Goods Stores 209
2.3.350 Shellfish 209
2.3.351 Ship Building and Repairing 210
2.3.352 Skin Care Products 210
2.3.353 Slaughtering Animals Excluding Poultry 211
2.3.354 Sliced Cooked Meat 211
2.3.355 Socks, Stockings, and Tights 212
2.3.356 Soup 212
2.3.357 Spice and Extract Manufacturing 213
2.3.358 Sporting Goods Retailers 213
2.3.359 Sports and Energy Drinks 214
2.3.360 Spreads and Margarines 214
2.3.361 Stationary Bicycles 215
2.3.362 Steel Mill Products 215
2.3.363 Still Bottled Water 216
2.3.364 Storage Battery Manufacturing 216
2.3.365 Sugar Candy 217
2.3.366 Support Activities for Air Transportation 217
2.3.367 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus 218
2.3.368 Synthetic Rubber 218
2.3.369 Taxicabs 219
2.3.370 Telecommunications Equipment 219
2.3.371 Television Broadcasting 220
2.3.372 Temporary Employment Services 220
2.3.373 Testing Laboratories 221
2.3.374 Textile Fabrics 221
2.3.375 Tobacco Products 222
2.3.376 Toy Stores 222
2.3.377 Traditional Toys 223
2.3.378 Transformers 223
2.3.379 Transportation Equipment 224
2.3.380 Travel Trailer and Camper Manufacturing 224
2.3.381 Truck Trailer Manufacturing 225
2.3.382 Ultra Disposable Diapers 225
2.3.383 Underwear, Nightwear, and Swimwear 226
2.3.384 Underwire Bras 226
2.3.385 Unleaded Gasoline 227
2.3.386 Upholstered Household Furniture Manufacturing 227
2.3.387 Used Car Dealers 228
2.3.388 Utilities 228
2.3.389 Valves and Pipe Fittings 229
2.3.390 Vegetarian Foods 229
2.3.391 Venture Capital 230
2.3.392 Vodka 230
2.3.393 VoIP Telephone Service 231
2.3.394 Washing Machines 231
2.3.395 Watches 232
2.3.396 Water Utilities 232
2.3.397 Weft Knit Fabric Mills 233
2.3.398 Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing 233
2.3.399 Whiskey 234
2.3.400 White Bread 234
2.3.401 Whole Chicken Poultry 235
2.3.402 Wine 235
2.3.403 Wineries 236
2.3.404 Wireless Communication Services 236
2.3.405 Wiring Devices 237
2.3.406 Women’s Apparel and Accessories 237
2.3.407 Womenswear and Lingerie 238
2.3.408 Wood Preservation 238
2.3.409 Wool Yarn 239
2.3.410 Workers Compensation Insurance 239
2.3.411 Yarn Spinning Mills 240
2.3.412 Yellow Fats 240
2.3.413 Definition of Terms 241
3 TRADE INDICATORS: IMPORTS INTO GABON 280
3.1 Introduction & Methodology 280
3.2 Summary of Imports into Gabon 281
3.3 Import Details 290
3.3.1 Acrylic Polymers in Primary Forms 290
3.3.2 Acyclic Monohydric Alcohols 290
3.3.3 Albuminoidal Substances, Modified Starches, and Glues 290
3.3.4 Aluminum Structures and Parts of Structures 291
3.3.5 Amino-Resins, Phenolic Resins and Polyurethanes in Primary Forms 291
3.3.6 Analog or Hybrid (Analog-Digital) Data Processing Machines 291
3.3.7 Animal and Vegetable Oils, Fats, and Waxes 292
3.3.8 Apparel and Clothing Accessories Made of Plastics or Vulcanized Rubber Excluding Hard Rubber 292
3.3.9 Armored Fighting Vehicles and Arms of War 292
3.3.10 Automatic Regulating or Controlling Instruments and Apparatus 293
3.3.11 Ball Bearings 293
3.3.12 Batteries, Electric Accumulators, and Their Parts 294
3.3.13 Bearing Housings and Plain Shaft Bearings 294
3.3.14 Bed, Table, Toilet, and Kitchen Linens 295
3.3.15 Beer and Malt Beverages 295
3.3.16 Beverages and Tobacco 296
3.3.17 Builders Plastic Wares 296
3.3.18 Building and Monumental Stone 297
3.3.19 Butter 297
3.3.20 Candles, Matches, Pyrophoric Alloys, Articles of Combustible Materials, and Smokers Requisites 297
3.3.21 Ceramic Tableware, Kitchenware and Other Ceramic Household or Toilet Articles 298
3.3.22 Cereal Groats, Meal, and Pellets Excluding Those Made from Wheat 298
3.3.23 Check Valves 298
3.3.24 Childrens Toys and Indoor Games 299
3.3.25 Cigarettes 299
3.3.26 Clutches, Shaft Couplings, and Universal Joints 299
3.3.27 Color Television Receivers, Video Monitors, and Projectors 300
3.3.28 Common Salt, Rock Salt, Sea Salt, Sea Water, and Pure Sodium Chloride 300
3.3.29 Concentrated or Sweetened Milk and Cream 301
3.3.30 Continuous-Action Elevators and Conveyors for Goods or Materials 301
3.3.31 Copper Tubes, Pipes, and Tube or Pipe Fittings 302
3.3.32 Corrugated, Creped, Crinkled, Embossed or Perforated Paper and Paperboard in Rolls or Sheets 302
3.3.33 Cosmetic Preparations for the Hair Including Shampoos 302
3.3.34 Cyclic Hydrocarbons 303
3.3.35 Dairy Products 303
3.3.36 Data Processing Input or Output Units 303
3.3.37 Digital Processing Units Which May Contain Storage Units, Input Units, or Output Units 304
3.3.38 Disinfectants and Rodenticides for Retail Sale 304
3.3.39 Electric Generating Sets 305
3.3.40 Electric Motors with Output Exceeding 37.5 w and AC Generators 305
3.3.41 Electric Motors with Output Exceeding 37.5 w and DC Generators 306
3.3.42 Electrical Transformers 306
3.3.43 Electro-Diagnostic Equipment 306
3.3.44 Electromechanical Hand Tools with Self-Contained Electric Motors and Parts Thereof 307
3.3.45 Electronic Integrated Circuits and Microassemblies 307
3.3.46 Fans and Cooker Hoods with Fans 307
3.3.47 Filtering and Purifying Machinery for Liquids or Gases 308
3.3.48 Fixed Line Telephone and Telegraph Equipment 308
3.3.49 Food and Live Animals 309
3.3.50 Footwear with Protective Metal Toe-Caps Excluding Sports Footwear 310
3.3.51 Fresh Apples 310
3.3.52 Fresh or Chilled Beef 310
3.3.53 Fresh or Chilled Potatoes 311
3.3.54 Fresh or Dried Oranges, Mandarins, Clementines, and Other Citrus Fruit 311
3.3.55 Friction Materials and Manufactures of Asbestos 311
3.3.56 Frozen Beef 312
3.3.57 Frozen Fish Excluding Fillets 312
3.3.58 Gas, Liquid, or Electricity Supply or Production Meters and Calibrating Meters 313
3.3.59 Gears and Gearing, Ball Screws, Gear Boxes, Speed Changers, and Torque Converters 313
3.3.60 Glassware for Table, Kitchen, Toilet, Office, and Indoor Decoration 314
3.3.61 Glycosides, Glands or Other Organs and Extracts, Antisera, Vaccines, and Similar Products 314
3.3.62 Hand Tools, Pneumatic Tools, Tools with Self-Contained Non-Electric Motors, and Their Parts 314
3.3.63 Helicopters 315
3.3.64 Homogenized Food Preparations 315
3.3.65 Household Refrigerators and Food Freezers 315
3.3.66 Hydraulic Turbines and Water Wheels 316
3.3.67 Hydrogenated or Interesterified Animal or Vegetable Fats or Oils and Their Fractions 316
3.3.68 Hygenic or Pharmaceutical Articles Made of Unhardened Vulcanized Rubber 316
3.3.69 Industrial and Laboratory Furnaces and Ovens and Their Parts 317
3.3.70 Industrial Refrigerators, Freezers, and Other Refrigeration and Freezing Equipment and Parts 317
3.3.71 Inedible Crude Materials Excluding Fuels 318
3.3.72 Insecticides for Retail Sale 318
3.3.73 Internal Combustion Piston Engines for Marine-Propulsion 319
3.3.74 Iron and Steel Angles, Shapes, Sections (Excluding Rails), and Sheet Piling 319
3.3.75 Iron and Steel Articulated Link Chain and Parts 319
3.3.76 Iron and Steel Chain and Chain Parts 320
3.3.77 Iron and Steel Seamless Tubes, Pipes, and Hollow Profiles 320
3.3.78 Iron and Steel Tube and Pipe Fittings 321
3.3.79 Iron or Steel Screws, Bolts, Nuts, Screw Hooks, Rivets, Washers, and Similar Articles 321
3.3.80 Iron or Steel Structures and Parts of Structures 322
3.3.81 Iron, Steel, or Copper Non-Electric Domestic Cooking or Heating Equipment and Parts 322
3.3.82 Iron, Steel, or Copper Springs and Leaves for Springs 323
3.3.83 Jacks and Hoists for Raising Vehicles 323
3.3.84 Jams, Jellies, and Marmalades Excluding Homogenized Preparations 323
3.3.85 Leather Apparel and Clothing Accessories 324
3.3.86 Liquefied Butane 324
3.3.87 Live Bovine Animals 324
3.3.88 Live Sheep and Goats 324
3.3.89 Lubricating Preparations Containing Less Than 70% by Weight of Petroleum or Bituminous Mineral Oils 325
3.3.90 Machinery and Transport Equipment 326
3.3.91 Malt and Malt Flour 327
3.3.92 Manufactured Goods 328
3.3.93 Margarine and Edible Preparations of Animal or Vegetable Fats or Oils 329
3.3.94 Medicaments Containing Antibiotics or Their Derivatives 329
3.3.95 Milled and Semi-Milled Rice 329
3.3.96 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials 330
3.3.97 Motor Vehicles for Transport of Goods and Materials 331
3.3.98 Motorcycles, Mopeds, and Cycles with Auxiliary Motors and Their Sidecars 331
3.3.99 New Pneumatic Rubber Tires for Buses and Trucks 332
3.3.100 New Pneumatic Rubber Tires for Cars, Station Wagons, and Racing Cars 333
3.3.101 Newspapers, Journals, and Periodicals 333
3.3.102 Newsprint in Rolls or Sheets 333
3.3.103 Nitrogenous Minerals and Chemical Fertilizers 334
3.3.104 Non-Refractory Ceramic Bricks, Tiles, and Pipes 334
3.3.105 Oral or Dental Hygiene Preparations and Denture Fixative Pastes and Powders 334
3.3.106 Palm Oil and Its Fractions 335
3.3.107 Paper and Paperboard Boxes, Bags, and Cartons, Cases, and Packing Containers 335
3.3.108 Parts and Accessories for Office Machines and Automatic Data Processing Machines 336
3.3.109 Parts and Accessories for Telecommunication and Sound Recording or Reproducing Equipment 336
3.3.110 Parts and Accessories of Photocopying and Thermocopying Equipment 337
3.3.111 Parts of Ball and Roller Bearings 337
3.3.112 Parts of Centrifuges, Centrifugal Dryers, and Filtering and Purifying Machinery 337
3.3.113 Parts of Pumps for Liquids and Liquid Elevators 338
3.3.114 Pens, Pencils, and Fountain Pens 338
3.3.115 Pharmaceutical Goods Excluding Medicaments 338
3.3.116 Plastic Fittings for Tubes, Pipes, and Hoses Including Joints, Elbows, and Flanges 339
3.3.117 Plastic Floor, Wall, or Ceiling Coverings and Plastic Household and Toilet Articles 339
3.3.118 Plastic Stoppers, Lids, Caps, Closures, and Articles for the Conveyance or Packing of Goods 340
3.3.119 Polyacetals and Other Polyethers in Primary Forms 340
3.3.120 Polycarbonates, Alkyd Resins, and Other Polyesters in Primary Forms 341
3.3.121 Polyethylene in Primary Forms 341
3.3.122 Polymers of Propylene or Other Olefins in Primary Forms 341
3.3.123 Portable Radio Broadcast Receivers 342
3.3.124 Portland Cement, Aluminous Cement, Slag Cement, Supersulfate Cement, and Similar Hydraulic Cements 342
3.3.125 Potassic Mineral and Chemical Fertilizers Excluding Crude Natural Potassium Salts 342
3.3.126 Prefabricated Buildings 343
3.3.127 Printed Books, Pamphlets, Maps, and Globes Excluding Advertising Material 343
3.3.128 Processed Cheese in Solid Form 343
3.3.129 Propellent Powders and Other Prepared Explosives 344
3.3.130 Public Transportation Motor Vehicles with a Capacity of At Least 10 Persons 344
3.3.131 Pulley Tackle and Hoists, Winches, and Capstans Excluding Skip Hoists 345
3.3.132 Rags and Worn Textile Articles Including Clothing 345
3.3.133 Razors and Razor Blades 345
3.3.134 Recorded Magnetic Tapes 346
3.3.135 Rigid Plastic Tubes, Pipes, and Hoses 346
3.3.136 Road Tractors for Semi-Trailers 346
3.3.137 Rolls and Sheets of Paper and Paperboard 346
3.3.138 Sauces, Seasonings, and Condiments Including Preparations of Mustard and Vinegar 347
3.3.139 Saw Blades Including Slitting, Slotting, or Toothless Varieties 347
3.3.140 Self-Propelled Bulldozers, Angledozers, Graders, and Levelers 348
3.3.141 Self-Propelled Mechanical Shovels, Excavators, and Shovel-Loaders 348
3.3.142 Soap and Organic Surface-Active Products Used and Soap 349
3.3.143 Sound and Video Recording or Reproducing Apparatus 349
3.3.144 Soups, Broths, and Preparations Thereof 350
3.3.145 Soybean Oil and Its Fractions 350
3.3.146 Special Transactions and Commodities Not Classified by Kind 350
3.3.147 Sports Footwear 351
3.3.148 Stripped and Stemmed Tobacco 351
3.3.149 Sugar Confectionery Excluding Cocoa Products 351
3.3.150 Sulfides, Polysulfides, Dithionites, Sulfoxylates, Sulfites, Thiosulfates, Sulfates and Alums 352
3.3.151 Sweetened Cocoa Powder 352
3.3.152 Tempered or Laminated Safety Glass 352
3.3.153 Textile Sacks and Bags 353
3.3.154 Textile Tarpaulins, Awnings, Sunblinds, Tents, Boat Sails, and Camping Goods 353
3.3.155 Textile Wadding, Wicks, and Fabrics for Use in Machinery and Plants 353
3.3.156 Thermocopying Equipment or Photocopying Equipment with Optical and Contact-Type Systems 354
3.3.157 Trailers and Semi-Trailers for the Transport of Goods 354
3.3.158 Transmission and Conveyor Belting Made of Vulcanized Rubber 354
3.3.159 Transmission Shafts, Cranks, and Cam and Crank Shafts 355
3.3.160 Trunks, Suitcases, Vanity Cases, Executive Cases, Briefcases, and School Satchels 355
3.3.161 Tubes, Pipes, and Hoses of Unhardened Vulcanized Rubber 355
3.3.162 Twine, Cordage, Rope, and Cable 356
3.3.163 Uncooked, Unprepared Pasta 356
3.3.164 Valves for Oleohydraulic or Pneumatic Transmissions 356
3.3.165 Wine Made from Fresh Grapes or Grape Must 357
3.3.166 Wire Cloth, Grill, Netting, Fencing, and Expanded Metal of Iron, Steel, or Copper 357
3.3.167 Worked Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys 357
3.3.168 Yeast and Prepared Baking Powders 358
4 TRADE INDICATORS: EXPORTS FROM GABON 359
4.1 Introduction & Methodology 359
4.2 Summary of Exports from Gabon 360
4.3 Export Details 363
4.3.1 Animal and Vegetable Oils, Fats, and Waxes 363
4.3.2 Antiques over 100 Years Old 363
4.3.3 Automatic Regulating or Controlling Instruments and Apparatus 363
4.3.4 Beverages and Tobacco 363
4.3.5 Builders Wood Carpentry and Joinery 364
4.3.6 Cigarettes 364
4.3.7 Crude Oils from Petroleum and Bituminous Minerals 364
4.3.8 Densified Wood and Reconstituted Wood 365
4.3.9 Digital Processing Units Which May Contain Storage Units, Input Units, or Output Units 365
4.3.10 Dried, Brined, or Salted Fish 365
4.3.11 Fans and Cooker Hoods with Fans 365
4.3.12 Ferrous Metal Waste and Scrap Excluding Waste and Scrap of Cast Iron and Alloy Steel 366
4.3.13 Fixed, Variable, or Adjustable Electrical Capacitors and Parts Thereof 366
4.3.14 Food and Live Animals 367
4.3.15 Fresh or Chilled Crustaceans Including Flours, Meals, and Pellets Thereof for Human Consumption 367
4.3.16 Frozen Crustaceans 367
4.3.17 Frozen Fish Excluding Fillets 368
4.3.18 Gas, Liquid, or Electricity Supply or Production Meters and Calibrating Meters 368
4.3.19 Inedible Crude Materials Excluding Fuels 369
4.3.20 Internal Combustion Piston Engines for Marine-Propulsion 370
4.3.21 Iron and Steel Seamless Tubes, Pipes, and Hollow Profiles 370
4.3.22 Iron or Non-Alloy Steel Semi-Finished Products Containing Less Than .25% Carbon by Weight 370
4.3.23 Iron or Steel Structures and Parts of Structures 370
4.3.24 Knitted or Crocheted Jerseys, Pullovers, Cardigans, Waistcoats, and Similar Articles 371
4.3.25 Machinery and Transport Equipment 371
4.3.26 Manufactured Goods 372
4.3.27 Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials 373
4.3.28 Mollusks 373
4.3.29 Natural Rubber in Primary Forms, Plates, Sheets, or Strips Excluding Latex 374
4.3.30 Natural Rubber Latex 374
4.3.31 Newspapers, Journals, and Periodicals 374
4.3.32 Non-Monetary Gold 374
4.3.33 Oxides of Zinc, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Titanium, and Lead 375
4.3.34 Palm Oil and Its Fractions 375
4.3.35 Parts and Accessories for Office Machines and Automatic Data Processing Machines 375
4.3.36 Parts of Pumps for Liquids and Liquid Elevators 375
4.3.37 Plastic Stoppers, Lids, Caps, Closures, and Articles for the Conveyance or Packing of Goods 376
4.3.38 Plywood with Each Ply Not Over 6 mm Thick 376
4.3.39 Polycarbonates, Alkyd Resins, and Other Polyesters in Primary Forms 376
4.3.40 Pressure-Reducing Valves 377
4.3.41 Printing Ink 377
4.3.42 Pumped Fitted or Designed to Be Fitted with a Measuring Device 377
4.3.43 Salted or Brined Fish 377
4.3.44 Sawn, Chipped, Sliced, or Peeled Coniferous Wood over 6 Millimeters Thick 378
4.3.45 Sawn, Chipped, Sliced, or Peeled Non-Coniferous Wood over 6 Millimeters Thick 379
4.3.46 Special Transactions and Commodities Not Classified by Kind 380
4.3.47 Sugar Confectionery Excluding Cocoa Products 380
4.3.48 Textile Wadding, Wicks, and Fabrics for Use in Machinery and Plants 380
4.3.49 Untreated, Rough or Roughly Squared Coniferous Wood 380
4.3.50 Untreated, Rough or Roughly Squared Non-Coniferous Wood 381
4.3.51 Vegetable and Fruit Juices Excluding Those Made from Citrus Fruits 382
4.3.52 Waste and Scrap of Alloy Steel 382
4.3.53 Waste and Scrap of Cast Iron 382
4.3.54 Way-Type Unit Head Machines and Other Machine Tools for Drilling and Boring Metal 382
4.3.55 Wood Railway and Tramway Sleepers and Cross-Ties 383
4.3.56 Worked Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys 383
4.3.57 Worked or Shaped Non-Coniferous Wood 383
5 DISCLAIMERS, WARRANTEES, AND USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS 384
5.1 Disclaimers & Safe Harbor 384
5.2 ICON Group International, Inc. User Agreement Provisions 385
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