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Can Latin American Firms Compete?


Description: Can Latin American Firms Compete? examines the success and failure that Latin American firms have met with, in their own markets and elsewhere in the world, and the reasons behind this. Including contributions from leading international experts on business in Latin America, the book draws on concepts from a range of disciplines.

In many discussions of globalization and growth, attention focuses on Asia, notably China, South Korea, and India. In contrast, Can Latin American Firms Compete? looks at business developments in another key emerging market region, Latin America. It examines the success and failure that Latin American firms have met with, in their own markets and elsewhere in the world, the reasons behind these outcomes, and these firms future prospects.

Including contributions from leading international experts on business in Latin America, the book draws on concepts from organization theory, industrial organization, economics, marketing, sociology, and political science. It includes sections on broad themes of competitiveness in Latin America, micro-level strategies of firms in specific sectors, the competitiveness of firms in specific countries, and competing in emerging markets. Cases examined range in size and sector, and include some of the largest firms in Latin America, such as as Embraer in Brazil, Qui--ntilde--;enco (Luksic) in Chile, Techint in Argentina, Grupo Carso in Mexico, Cisneros in Venezuela, and Grupo Empresarial Antioque--ntilde--;o in Colombia.

This well-informed book will be essential reading for academics, policy-makers, and those with a serious interest in business development in Latin America.

About the Author

Professor Robert Grosse is Director of the Leadership Development program at Standard Bank in Johannesburg, South Africa. He holds a B.A. degree from Princeton University and a doctorate from the University of North Carolina, both in international economics. He has taught international finance in the MBA programs at Thunderbird, the University of Miami, the University of Michigan, and at the Instituto de Empresa (Madrid, Spain), as well as in many universities in Latin America. As a consultant in international business he has worked for the US Commerce, State, and Treasury Departments, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations. Among the many companies he has served are: American Express, Anaconda, Banco Ganadero, Chase Manhattan Bank, Citibank, EXXON, IBM, Merrill Lynch, Raymond James, Texaco, YPF, and Xerox. Professor Luiz Mesquita is an Assistant Professor of Business Policy & Strategy, at the School of Global Management and Leadership, Arizona State University. He holds a masters degree in Applied Economics (1997) and a Ph.D. in Strategy from Purdue University. His research interests evolve around alliances among firms, and their effect on supply chain product exchanges. Prof. Mesquitas research also encompasses topics in international management such as the impact of inter-firm ties within industrial clusters, especially those in emerging markets such as Argentina and Brazil, and their effect on export performances, the corporate strategies of business groups in emerging economies, as well as the factors that impact the effectiveness of trust-facilitators in cluster development projects. In his latest research project, Dr. Mesquita analyzes cross-cultural differences among Latin American workers, and their relevance for managerial practices across the region.


Contents: List of Figures
List of Tables
Notes on Contributors

1. Introduction: Can Latin American Firms Compete?
Robert Grosse

Part I. Themes in the Competitiveness of Latin American Firms

2. The Role of Economic Groups in Latin America
Robert Grosse

3. Outward FDI and the Competitiveness of Latin American Firms
Márcia Tavares

4. Cycles of Creation and Destruction of Production Capacity and the Development of New Export and Technological Capabilities in Latin America
Jorge Katz

5. The Politics of Institutional Renovation and Economic Upgrading: Lessons from the Argentinian Wine Industry
Gerald A. McDermott

Part II. Micro-Level Strategies of Firms in Specific Sectors

6. Antioquia Entrepreneur Group (GEA)’s Strategies for Facing International Competitors: The Case of the Food Manufacturing Group
Héctor Ochoa

7. Competing Under Stress: The Shrimp Cluster in Venezuela
Michael Penfold

8. Can Argentinian Companies Survive? A Study of the Determinants
of Organizational Flexibility
Andrés Hatum and Andrew Pettigrew

Part III. Competitiveness of Firms from Selected Countries

9. Corporate Strategies of Business Groups in the Wake of Competitive Shocks: Lessons from Argentina
Eduardo Fracchia and Luiz F. Mesquita

10. Brazilian Firms and the Challenge of Competitiveness
Thomaz Wood Jr. and Miguel P. Caldas

11. Sources of Competitiveness of Large Mexican Groups
Robert Grosse and Douglas Thomas

Part IV. Competing in Emerging Markets

12. ‘Multilatinas’ Go to China: Two Case Studies
Andrea Goldstein and Omar Toulan

13. Sustainable Management of Korean Firms: A Case Study of Yuhan-Kimberly and Its Implications for Latin American Firms
Dong-Sung Cho and Keum-Young Chang

14. National Financial Systems in Latin America: Attributes, Credit Allocation Practices, and Their Impact on Enterprise Development
John C. Edmunds

15. Beating the Paradoxes of Emerging Markets: Strategies for Reaching the Consumers at the Bottom of the Pyramid
Guillermo D’Andrea

16. Conclusions: So . . . Can Latin American Firms Compete?
Luiz F. Mesquita

Index

List of Figures
1.1. Science and engineering article output of emerging and developing countries by region: 1988—2001
1.2. Bimbo in the 4-level institutional context
3.1. Outward FDI flows from developing countries 1970—2005
5.1a. The growth of Argentinian wine exports by volume
5.1b. The growth of Argentinian wine exports by value
5.2. Weighted scores for Argentinian and Chilean wines (wine spectator)
5.3a. Policymaking and strategic ties in the Mendoza wine industry, 1989
5.3b. Policymaking and strategic ties in the Mendoza wine industry, 2000
5A.1. The Mendoza wine industry and policymaking, 1989
5A.2. The Mendoza wine industry and policymaking, 2001
6.1. Profits of Colombian banks from January 1, 2005 to September 30, 2005
6.2. Expansion of the cement group
6.3. Businesses and brands in GEA’s food group
6.4. INCH’s share pricing
6.5. Relationship of INCH’s core competences
7.1. Growth of shrimp production in Venezuela
7.2. Location of the shrimp clusters in Venezuela
7.3. Structure of Shrimp clusters
8.1. Dominant coalition demographics in AGD and Sidus 1989—1999
8.2. Centralization and formalization at AGD: average 1989—1999
8.3. Centralization and Formalization at Sidus: average 1989—1999
9.1. Theoretical framework
10.1. Competitive threats to Brazilian firms’ international competitiveness and reaction vectors of competitive Brazilian firms
11.1. Grupo Carso
11.2. Grupo Salinas
13.1. The concept of the SER-M model
15.1. Understanding the true value of emerging consumers at the BOP
15.2. Consumer purchasing behavior in Mexican supermarkets
(percent consumers’ purchasing category, by SES)
15.3. Emerging consumer values

List of Tables
1.1. Latin America compared to other regions
1.2. World’s 50 largest MNEs from emerging markets
2.1. The largest firms in Latin America, 2004
2.2. Latin American firms in the Fortune Global 500
2.3. Key competitive advantages
2.4. Key competitive strengths of Latin American economic groups, 2005
2A.1. Widely vs. family-held firms as a percentage of large corporations
3.1. Main outward investors from Latin America and the Caribbean
4.1. Changes in the structure of industry (1970, 1996, 2000, 2002)
5.1. Scores for Argentinian and Chilean wines by Wine Spectator
5.2a. Comparing Mendoza and San Juan (wine, grape, and industry data)
5.2b. Comparing Mendoza and San Juan (economic, social, and political data)
5.3. Leading upgrading support institutions in Mendoza in the 1990s
5A.1. Largest betweeness scores, Mendoza 2001
6.1. Key competitive advantages over domestic competitors
6.2. Key competitive advantages over international competitors
7.1. International indicators for shrimp production
7A.1. Shrimp farming Companies in Venezuala, 2006
8.1. Patterns of adaptiveness in the literature on organizational flexibility,
organizational innovativeness, and institutional theory
8.2. Ranking of inward investment per sector 1990-1998
8.3. Indicators of organizational flexibility in the pharmaceutical and
edible oil industries
8.4. Companies’ profile
8.5. Determinants and methods of analysis used
8.6. Level of similarity/dissimilarity within the industry: benchmarking at Sidus
8.7. Level of similarity/dissimilanty within the industry: benchmarking at AGD
8.8. Degree of connectedness in the industry: support of Sidus in participating in professional associations
8.9. Degree of connectedness in the industry: support of AGD in
participating in professional associations
9.1. Argentinian business groups (1991-2001)
9.2. Sectors in which Argentinian business groups operated during the
1991-2001 period. Analysis includes only surveyed business groups
9.3. Business groups clustered upon their conduct during period
1990-2001
9.4. Importance of selected factors on corporate strategies of Argentinian
business groups
10.1. Successful Brazilian firms
10.2. Success factors for Brazilian firms
11.1. Sources of competitive advantage in Mexican firms
11.2a. Product diversification and performance during the Tequila Crisis
11.2b. Intl diversification and performance during the Tequila Crisis
11.3a. Product diversification and performance relative to deregulation
11.3b. Intl diversification and performance relative to deregulation
12.1. Techint: major steel acquisitions, 1986-2005
12A.1. China investment projects by selected Multilatinas
14.1. Gross national savings rates by region (percent of GDP)
15.1. What do emerging consumers buy?





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