Microwave Radio: SONET/SDH and mm-Wave - Assessment of Markets and Technologies
PracTel Inc, August 2008
This report researches technologies and markets for SONET/SDH and high-frequency (60 GHz and E-band) microwave radio. It concentrates on subjects related to these radios benefits, technical details, markets and applications. Though utilized often in different applications and markets, these microwave radios allow sustaining high-speed reliable communications, and are used as alternative to fiber optics.
Despite early predictions, SONET/SDH still prevails in fiber optics transmission as a major standard. Microwave radio that is able to carry SONET/SDH signals format is the logical extension or substitution of fiber optic communications in cases when:
-Terrain and other factors preclude fiber placement
-Economics of a project dictate use of microwave technologies instead of fiber optics systems.
The SONET/SDH microwave radio market is active and became stable if compared with the telecom market after depression of 2000-2003. Stability of the utility industry and tighter requirements on network characteristics in the financial world contribute to the fact that this market not only survived, but also continue to grow. The report analyzes technology specifics and market properties of these radios as well as portfolios of major manufacturers.
mm-Wave radios experience the “second life” due to their benefits and regulations that have recently opened relatively large windows of spectrum for their use. There are several motives for wanting to use millimeter-wave radio links:
-The radio spectrum at very high frequencies is still rather undeveloped, and
therefore more radio spectrum with wider bandwidths is available at these frequencies;
-The system capacity is higher at very high frequencies because the range
of radio signals is limited, resulting in smaller cells. Therefore the same
frequency can be reused at shorter distances;
-The inherent security and privacy is better at very high frequencies
because of the limited range and the relatively narrow beam widths that can be achieved;
-The spatial resolution is better at very high frequencies;
-It is easy to realize Gb/s transmission;
-The physical size of antennas at very high frequencies is small and it becomes practical to build complex antenna arrays and/or further integrate them.
The interest in these technologies was also sparked by decisions of regulatory agencies around the globe to release and regulate vast volumes of spectrum; and the progress in the chips design that made it possible to produce high-frequency IC with relatively low cost.
60 GHz radio and E-band radio, though belong to the same class of millimeter-wave devices, have different properties; these properties are determining applications. Two main applications for 60 GHz radio were emphasized: a) Fixed Wireless, and b) WPAN. The technology improvements and demand for wireless applications (particular, with increased use of HDTV), work of standard organizations (such as IEEE and ETSI) as well as contributions from such companies like IBM and Motorola are helping with this radio commercialization. For E-band radio, the authors analyzed commercial applications, technology specifics and market specifics as well as the standards development activity.
Research Methodology
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed. Evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.
The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.
Target Audience
This report is useful for technical staff of IT departments in various industries, such as financial, education, health care and other. It helps them to better understand the specifics of microwave transmission and benefits that microwave technology can bring to their communications needs. For vendors of microwave radio, the report analyzes the competitive landscape of microwave radio developments.
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Microwave and Fiber Optics
1.2 Why Microwave?
1.3 SONET/SDH
1.4 mm-Wave Radio
1.5 Scope and Goals
1.6 Research Methodology
1.7 Target Audience 2
2.0 SONET/SDH Radio Technology
2.1 General
2.2 Spectrum
2.2.1 Unlicensed SSMR
2.3 SONET/SDH
2.3.1 Format
2.4 Structure
2.4.1 Diversity
2.5 Standards
2.5.1 ITU Standards
2.5.1.1 Examples
2.6 Microwave Radio vs. Leased Line
3.0 SONET/SDH Radio Market
3.1 Applications
3.1.1 Mobile Networks
3.1.2 Last-Mile Access
3.1.3 Private Networks
3.1.4 Disaster Recovery
3.1.5 The Digital Divide
3.1.6 Developing Nations
3.1.7 Utilities Networks
3.1.8 Emergency Radio
3.2 Market Projections
3.2.1 Model Assumptions
3.2.2 Forecasts
4.0 Security
4.1 General
4.1.1 Types of Attacks
4.1.1.1 Passive Attacks
4.1.1.2 Active Attacks
4.1.1.3 Methods of Protection against Active Attacks
5.0 SONET/SDH Microwave Radio Vendors
ABB
Agilis
Airlinx
Alcatel-Lucent
Allgon Microwave
Axxcelera
Ceragon
Crypto
Ericsson
Fujitsu
Harris Stratex
Microwave Data Systems
Microwave Networks
NEC
Nera
OnSite Systems
Proxim
P-Com
SAF
Nokia Siemens Networks
SIAE (SIAE MICROELETTRONICA LTD)
Thales
Wave1
Westica
WNI GLOBAL, Inc.
6.0 mm-Wave Radio-Introduction .
6.1 General
6.2 Factors: 60 GHz Radio
6.2.1 Regulatory Climate
6.3 E-band
6.4 Goals
7.0 60 GHz Radio Technology
7.1 General
7.2 Spectrum Specifics
7.2.1 Oxygen Absorption
7.3 Antenna
7.4 Radiation Limiting at 60 GHz
7.5 Combined Effect
7.6 Progress in the Chip Technology for mm-Wave
7.6.1 Modulation
7.6.2 Specifics
7.6.2.1 Indoor Behavior
7.7 Wi-Fi and 60 GHz Radio
7.8 Summary
8.0 60 GHz Fixed Wireless-Last Mile
8.1 Details-Characteristics
8.2 Place
8.3 60 GHz Radio- Addressable Market
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Drivers
8.3.3 Forecast
8.3.4 Industry
BridgeWave
Comotech
Endwave
Proxim
Rayawave
Vubiq
9.0 60 GHz Radio-IEEE 802.15.3c and Competition
9.1 General
9.2 Demand
9.3 Specifics
9.4 Benefits for WPAN
9.5 Applications
9.6 Challenges
9.7 Standardization and Development: WirelessHD, IEEE 802.15.3c and Other
9.7.1 WirelessHD
9.7.1.1 Details: WirelessHD Technology
9.7.1.2 Completion
9.7.1.3 Amimon
9.7.1.4 Issues and Progress
9.8 IEEE 802.15.3c
9.8.1 Current Status
9.8.2 Benefits
9.9 Very High Throughput Group
9.10 Diversity
9.11 ECMA
9.12 Market
9.12.1 General: Applications
9.12.2 Market Obstacles: Specifics
9.12.3 Forecast
9.13 Players and Projects
IBM
SiBeam
Phiar-Motorola
Phiar
NEC
9.14 Comparison
9.15 60 GHz WPAN: Example
9.16 Advantages and Challenges
10.0 E-band Radio
10.1 General
10.2 Benefits
10.3 Regulations
10.3.1 Frequency Plan
10.3.2 Additional Characteristics
10.4 Major Applications
10.5 Market Prospective
10.5.1 Last Mile
10.5.2 Estimate
10.6 Vendors
ADC
Airlinx
Asyrmatos
Bridgewave
Comotech
E-band Communications
ElvaLink
Endwave
G4 Networks
GigaBeam
Fujitsu
Loea Corporation
Proxim
Rayawave
Sophia Wireless
11.0 Conclusions
References
List of Figures
Figure 1: Spectrum Assignment
Figure 2: SONET Frame (OC-1)
Figure 3: SSMR Structure
Figure 4: Worldwide SONET/SDH Radio Sale Forecast ($B)
Figure 5: Worldwide SONET/SDH Radio Sale Forecast (Unit 000)
Figure 6: Rate of Transmission: Sale Distribution
Figure 7: Frequency Bands: Sale Distribution
Figure 8: Geographical Segmentation of SONET/SDH Radio Market
Figure 9: Segmentation by Method of Protection: SONET/SDH Radio Market
Figure 10: Passive Attack
Figure 11: Unlicensed Bands
Figure 12: 60 GHz Connections
Figure 13: 60 GHz: Allocations
Figure 14: 60 GHz: Spectrum Details
Figure 15: Attenuation in 60 GHz Band
Figure 16: 60 GHz: Absorption Details
Figure 17: Bands Features Comparison
Figure 18: Addressable Market Estimate: 60 GHz Radio –Fixed Wireless ($M)
Figure 19: Addressable Market Estimate: 60 GHz Radio-Fixed Wireless (Units)
Figure 20: 60 GHz “Open” Spectrum
Figure 21: IEEE Group Structure: 802.15
Figure 22: Market Estimate- WPAN 60 GHz Radio ($M US)
Figure 23: 60 GHz WPAN Example
Figure 24: Frequency Allocation
Figure 25: Addressable Market-E-band radio-Last Mile Access ($M)
List of Tables
Table 1: Microwave Frequencies Bands
Table 2: SONET/SDH Rates
Table 3: Licensed and Unlicensed SONET/SDH Radio Proportion
Table 4: Differentiation by Path Length: SONET/SDH Radio
Table 5: Antenna Directivity
Table 6: 60 GHz Links Characteristics
Table 7: Characteristics Details
Table 8: Attenuation
Table 9: Properties
Table 10: Required Speed
Table 11: Competition
Table 12: WPAN Technologies Characteristics
Table 13: FCC Regulations
ADC
Airlinx
Asyrmatos
Bridgewave
Comotech
E-band Communications
ElvaLink
Endwave
G4 Networks
GigaBeam
Fujitsu
Loea Corporation
Proxim
Rayawave
Sophia Wireless
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