The Dollars and Sense of Broadband Wireless

Signals Research Group, LLC, March 2008, Pages: 998

1.0 Introduction

Although there is widespread and growing interest in broadband wireless in general and OFDMA technologies in particular there are a number of unanswered questions that remain – unanswered questions that can finally be answered.
- What is the crossover point in the demand curve in which the economics of an OFDMA based network become more attractive than those of a CDMA based network?
- How sensitive are the network economics to the spectral efficiency and link budget of the air interface (e.g., what is the value of a dB)?
- How do technology neutral factors, including the frequency, spectrum allocation, and services offered on the network, cause the demand crossover point to shift?
- Do license requirements, such as those being proposed by TRAI in India and those being implemented by the FCC for the 700MHz band in North America affect the operator’s business case for delivering an economically sustainable broadband wireless service?
- Can OFDMA based networks extend beyond “hot zone” deployments and eventually provide ubiquitous nationwide coverage?
- What is the market opportunity for these next generation networks in developing markets where basic voice and dialup Internet services do not currently exist?
- What distinguishes the three OFDMA technologies from each other and how do they differentiate themselves from existing or y et to be deployed CDMA based technologies?
- Can next generation broadband wireless technologies support affordable unlimited voice and data usage that is on par with usage patterns that exist on landline networks?
- Can a Greenfield operator with an OFDMA network compete with an incumbent broadband wire line operator or with a 3G operator and under what circumstances?
- When should operators utilize smart antenna technologies, such as beam forming or MIMO, when they deploy their networks?
- How does the choice of backhaul technology impact the network economics?

Signals Research Group, LLC (SRG) has spent the last twelve months researching these questions, developing a sophisticated modeling tool, and ultimately publishing our findings in this 998 page report which we have conveniently published in five volumes. During this time we received feedback from virtually all of the major proponents of each technology that we studied, including most of the major infrastructure suppliers, wireless operators, subsystem suppliers and other technology leaders who play a vital role in the future direction of the wireless industry.

Additionally, we leveraged third party consultants and independent data sources to help us obtain the information that we needed in order to conduct our analysis. Most notably, we used a global database from The Mobile World which contains current wireless adoption and usage metrics in the countries that we studied. We also worked with EDX Wireless to help us graphically depict the likely coverage areas for a given set of inputs – these results are presented in Chapter 4.

Since some readers may not have the appetite to read nearly 1,000 pages, we have included a lengthy executive summary which follows the table of contents. We also provide a short summary section at the beginning of those chapters that provide economic results for a specific region or on a global basis. These summaries are followed by more detailed studies and analyses within the chapter which support our findings. Most importantly, we strongly encourage readers to not jump immediately to the results sections of their country or region of interest since without an appreciation of the terminology used in this report, not to mention our modeling methodology; it may be difficult to grasp the meaning and significance of our findings. We offer a quick synopsis of each chapter in the report.

Volume 1 – Executive Summary
Executive Summary – This chapter provides the 26 most important “ah hahs” from the report. This chapter is designed for readers that want the Readers Digest version of the report. Although we don’t support these key findings with specific examples in this section, we do point readers to the appropriate sections of the report where these findings are supported with case studies or other analytical analysis.

A Technology Primer – This chapter introduces the readers to the technologies that we are modeling in this report along with the multitude of permutations that exist for many of the technologies (e.g., duplex scheme, MIMO and AAS, etc). The chapter explains at a very high level the different network architectures that exist in the Radio Access Network (RAN) and Core Network (CN) and the different backhaul technologies that we include in the report. Finally, this chapter identifies the frequency bands that we include and explains the different device types that we believe will exist in next generation networks and why the device type can have a significant impact on the network economics. This chapter is written at a relatively high level in order to ensure that all readers have a basic understanding of next generation technologies.

Volume 2 – A Global View of Telecommunications Demand, Network Economics and Sensitivities
Service Concepts and Telecommunications Demand – In total, we look at the economic results for eleven different service concepts, which include everything from a basic cellular service with limited data traffic to a network that supports “DSLlike” data traffic with full mobility and deep inbuilding penetration. This chapter defines the eleven service concepts so that readers will understand the nuances between each service concept and why the choice of service concept can impact the design of the network, the amount of voice and traffic on the network, and ultimately the underlying network economics. This chapter also explains how the service concept determines the type of traffic on the network and the way in which we use current measures of teledensity as the basis for predicting the demand that could exist on the next generation networks that we model. We believe this is a much better approach than making our own assumptions, which inevitably introduce an extra degree of freedom and which detract from the focus of this study. We define seven levels of demand (0.1x to 10x), which are a function of the subscriber penetration rate and their voice and/or data usage relative to what exists today, when evaluating the network economics of various scenarios. Therefore, it is important that readers understand our methodology and how we define the seven potential levels of demand in order to interpret the results and understand our conclusions.

Measuring Global Demand - This chapter provides our assumptions regarding the current demand that exists in the sixtyfive countries and the seven geographic regions that we modeled. We explain how we calculated the current demand for cellular and landline mvoice and data traffic, including the adoption rate and the average individual/household usage patterns – and examine how this demand varies across countries, regions of the world, and between emerging and developed markets. This chapter contains a wealth of information which can impact network economics, including the current voice usage per pop and data usage per pop for both cellular and landline services, as well as the population distribution by morphology and the land distribution by morphology for the major regions and/or countries included in this report.

An Economic View of the World – In this chapter, we familiarize readers with how the choice of service concept, frequency band, and geography impacts network economics. We compare 11 different service concepts, whose services range from fully mobile to portable to fixed, and from voiceonly or dataonly to voiceplusdata. We compare networks at 700MHz and 2500MHz. We consider geographic coverage from 10% of the population to 99% of the population. Instead of looking at individual countries or regions we view the world as two large clusters: “mature economies” and “emerging economies,” whose economies and telecommunications markets are fundamentally different. Finally, we look at behavior on a very local level, including how the “commuter effect” and the “wealth effect” shift demand between morphologies.

Technology and Deployment Decisions: Impact on Unit Costs – This chapter explores how basic assumptions, such as the link budget of a technology, its spectral efficiency and voice capacity, and the capital requirements and operating expenses, including the impact of the core network and transmission network, influence the network economics. By providing a rich set of results, readers will be able to see how one facet of a nextgeneration network can influence the network economics. This section is particularly important because in other sections we simultaneously adjust several parameters, thus making it virtually impossible to grasp the individual contributions of each part of the network.

Performance and Financial Assumptions: Impact on Unit Costs – Although we have attempted to accurately depict the performance characteristics and costs of the next generation technologies, we recognize that it is almost impossible to make accurate assumptions for technologies which are not currently commercially available. This chapter provides a host of sensitivity studies so that readers understand how altering one assumption impacts the network economics. Sensitivity studies include the impact of varying the link budget, spectral efficiency and voice capacity assumptions of the air interface, adjusting our assumptions for RAN capital requirements, such as site acquisition costs, as well as sensitivity studies involving the core network and transmission network. Finally, this chapter includes several financial sensitivity studies, such as the impact of varying the annual depreciation expenses for network infrastructure, cell sites, and CPEs.

Volume 3 – Regional and Country Specific Analyses
United States – This chapter looks at critical issues and potential operator strategies that could occur in the United States. Specific topics include the economic merits of 700MHz and 1700MHz, the economics of EVDO (1900MHz) versus Mobile WiMAX (2500MHz) for numerous service concepts, the economics of narrow channel OFDMA implementations and the relative economics of new entrants competing with incumbent operators. In total, there are 49 scenarios.

Western Europe – This chapter looks at critical issues and likely operator strategies that are most likely to occur in Western Europe. Scenarios include the relative economics of 900MHz for HSPA Evolved or LTE versus those same technologies at 2100MHz and likely operator strategies for 2500MHz and 3500MHz. In total, there are 26 scenarios.

Eastern Europe – This chapter leverages the same 26 scenarios that are used for Western Europe. In addition to presenting the results, the focus of this chapter is on how and why the results for Eastern Europe are so dramatically different than they are for Western Europe. In total, there are 26 scenarios plus sensitivity studies.

India – This chapter looks at critical issues and likely operator strategies that are most likely to occur in India. Key issues include the best means of providing lowcost voice and broadband data services to the underserved, including smart antenna technologies and network sharing, and the best means of providing voice and broadband data services to the more densely populated regions. In total, there are 25 scenarios.

China – This chapter looks at critical issues and likely operator strategies that are most likely to occur in China. Key issues include the best means of providing lowcost voice and broadband data services to the underserved, including smart antenna technologies and network sharing, and the best means of providing voice and broadband data services to the more densely populated regions. In total, there are 28 scenarios.

Developed Asia – This chapter looks at critical issues and likely operator strategies that are most likely to occur in Developed Asia. Key issues include the best means of providing voice and broadband data services to the more densely populated regions and the best means of achieving ubiquitous coverage with sufficient capacity to meet expected demand levels. In total, there are 15 scenarios.

Latin America – This chapter looks at critical issues and likely operator strategies that are most likely to occur in Latin America. Key issues include the best means of providing lowcost voice and broadband data services to the underserved and the best means of providing voice and broadband data services to the more densely populated regions. In total, there are 20 scenarios.

Volume 4 – Modeling Methodology and Technical Discussions
Modeling Methodology – This chapter discusses our modeling methodology in detail. We provide our cost assumptions for the network elements that we model and we discuss how an operator’s CapEx and OpEx are allocated across voice and data traffic. This chapter also describes in detail our engineering assumptions, including how we model the RAN, CN, transmission, and backhaul networks. We include the RAN planning methodology and the underlying assumptions, such as spectral efficiency and link budget calculations, which we used to dimension networks for coverage and capacity. This methodology includes how we leveraged demographic information for each country/region in order to determine the appropriate “size” of the network based on the network coverage requirements (e.g., POPs covered, morphology(s) covered, etc) and the quality of coverage requirements.

Detailed Technology Discussions: Radio Access Network/Core Network - These two chapters provide interested readers with a deep technical dive into the RAN technologies and CN architectures that we model in this report. The RAN chapter describes many of the technical differences between CDMA and OFDMA and how the three OFDMA technologies are different from each other. From a CN architecture perspective, the Core Network chapter explains the legacy and next generation network architectures that will exist and provides a roadmap of how (and why) the CN needs to evolve to a flat IP core. Finally, the CN chapter includes a discussion on the pros and cons of different backhaul technologies and it provides a solid overview of IMS/MMD. These two chapters should be excellent resources for readers that want to understand more than just the basics. While these chapters are very engineering oriented, we believe that most readers will be able to grasp the material while the chapters also provide a large number of illustrations, including network diagrams, to provide further insight.

Volume 5 – Appendices
Appendix A: Worldwide Results –Sixtyfive countries – This appendix provides unit cost results and other KPIs in a tabular format for all 65 countries and for all 11 service concepts. It also shows the impact of frequency band, duplex method, and antenna technology (traditional versus 4element AAS). Its color coded results enable the reader to quickly identify those countries in which a particular strategy is most likely to succeed. A consistent set of inputs is used in each analysis so that the reader can clearly see how geography and other fundamental decisions impact unit costs. Regulators, investors, and equipment manufacturers should find this chapter very valuable since it helps the reader identify likely “winning strategies” and avoid losing ones on a countrybycountry basis. Finally, while we do not provide a market forecast for these technologies, this chapter quantifies the potential market size, as defined by the number of cell sites, for various deployment scenarios across the 65 countries that we analyzed.

Appendix B: About the Authors – This appendix provides the biographies of the report’s five authors.

chapter 1: Introduction
10 Introduction
Volume 1 – Executive Summary
Volume 2 – A Global View of Telecommunications Demand, Network Economics and Sensitivities
Volume 3 – Regional and Country-Specific Analyses
Volume 4 – Modeling Methodology and Technical Discussions
Volume 5 – Appendices

Chapter 2: Executive Summary
20 Executive Summary – the Ah Hah’s of the Report

Chapter 3: A Technology Primer
30 A Technology Primer
31 Background
32 Competing Radio Access Technologies
321 High Speed Packet Access (Release 7)
322 HSPA Evolved (Release 8)
323 Long Term Evolution
324 EV-DO Rev A
325 EV-DO Rev B
326 Ultra Mobile Broadband
327 Mobile WiMAX
328 Generic OFDMA
33 Technology Discontinuities
331 Muti-Input Muti-Output (MIMO)
332 Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS)
333 Remote Radio Heads
334 Frequency Reuse
34 Backhaul Architectures
35 Migration of the Core Network
351 Legacy Core Architecture
352 Next Generation Core Network Architecture
36 Devices
361 New Form Factors
362 Power Classes
37 Frequency Bands
38 Deployment Strategies
381 Greenfield
382 Blade Overlay
383 Network Overlay

chapter 4: Service Concepts, Telecommunications Demand
40 Service Concepts, Telecommunications Demand ____x¡Ñÿx¡
41 Service Concepts
411 Devices and Service Concepts
412 Devices/CPE – Imagine the Possibilities
413 Categories of Demand
42 Levels of Demand
43 Demand for Telecommunications
44 Calculating Demand Example
45 Geography
46 Defining the User Experience
47 Probability of Coverage: A Radio Engineering View
471 Introduction
472 Desktop CPE at 700MHz
473 Data Card at 700MHz
474 Desktop CPE at 2500MHz
475 PC Card at 2500MHz
476 Statistical Results
48 Abstract Countries
481 Concept
482 Summary
483 Detailed View

chapter 5: Measuring Global Demand
50 Measuring Global Demand
51 Introduction
52 Data Sources
53 Regulatory Regimes and Minutes of Use
54 Data Sources and Data Integrity
541 Data Completeness
542 Adjustments and Data Cleaning
55 Methodology – Calculating Global Demand
551 High Level Results
552 Key Assumptions
553 A Single Metric – Equivalent MBs
56 Traffic and Demographics by Region
561 Aggregate Demand by Region
562 Demand by Type of Traffic
563 Geographic Distribution of Traffic
564 Population Distribution by Morphology
565 Land Area by Morphology
57 Specific Comparisons by Region
571 Mobile versus Fixed Minutes
572 Mobile versus Broadband versus Dial-up MBs
473 Minutes versus MBs
58 Traffic by Service Concept
581 Introduction
582 Mature Economies – Voice and Data Traffic per POP by Service Concept
583 Emerging Economies – Voice and Data Traffic per POP by Service Concept
584 Regions – Voice Traffic per POP by Service Concept
585 Regions –Data Traffic per POP by Service Concept
59 Traffic and Demographics by Country
591 Population Distribution by Morphology
592 Land Area Distribution by Morphology
593 Demand Distribution by Type of Traffic
594 Population by Country
595 Land Area by Country
596 People per Household
597 Population Density (People per Square Kilometer)
598 Gross Domestic Product (PPP) by Country
599 Gross Domestic Product per Capita by Country
510 Tabular Results by Country
5102 Telecommunications Demand – Minutes and MBs by Country

chapter 6: An Economic View of the World
60 An Economic View of the World
61 Coverage Sites by Service Concept and Frequency Band
411 Numerical Results
62 Coverage and Capacity
63 Mature Markets
64 Emerging Markets
65 Cost per Minute, Cost per MB, and Network Utilization
66 Geographic Coverage
67 Commuter Effects, Wealth Effects and Scale Effects
671 Commuter Effect
672 Wealth Effect
673 Demand after Adjustments
471 Impact of Commuter and Wealth Effects
672 Impact of Scale Effect
68 Fixed versus Mobile Technologies

chapter 7: Technology and Deployment Decisions
70 Technology and Deployment Decisions: Impact on Unit Costs
71 Radio Technologies
711 Coverage Preview
712 Voice Capacity Preview
712 Smart Antenna Technologies Preview
72 Capital per Site
73 Remote Radio Heads
74 Core Network – Traditional Versus Flat IP
75 Backhaul Technology Options
76 Deployment Options

chapter 8: Performance and Financial Assumptions
80 Performance and Financial Assumptions: Impact on Unit Costs
81 Cost Structure of a Wireless Network
82 Methodology: Performance Sensitivities
83 Performance Sensitivities
831 Link Budget Sensitivities
832 Capacity Sensitivities
84 Cost Sensitivity by Category
841 Capital Investment Sensitivities
8411 Radio Capital Sensitivities
842 Operating Expense Sensitivities
85 Financial Sensitivities – Impact on Economics
851 Weighted Average Cost of Capital
852 CPE Asset Life (3 Years)
853 Electronics Asset Life (5 Years)
854 Civil/Site Acquisition Asset Life (10 Years)

chapter 9: The United States
90 The United States
91 The competitive landscape
911 700MHz
912 850MHz
913 1700MHz (AWS)
914 1900MHz
915 2500MHz
916 3500MHz
92 The Current Demand for Telecommunications Services
93 The Economics of Broadband Wireless in the United States
931 Key Observations
94 United States Case Study 1 – The economics of 3G blade overlays and OF DMA
networks for supporting mobile voice and data traffic
941 Fundamental Results
942 Conclusions of United States Case Study 1
95 United States Case Study 2 – The economics of 3G blade overlays and OF DMA network overlays for supporting cellular and landline voice and data traffic
951 Fundamental Results
952 Conclusions of United States Case Study 2
96 United States Case Study 3 – The economics of 3G blade overlays and “narrow radio arrier” OF DMA network overlays for supporting mobile voice and data traffic n 1900MHz
961 Fundamental Results
962 Conclusions of United States Case Study 3
97 United States Case Study 4 – The economics of using Mobile WiMAX in three different spectrum bands for nomadic voice and data services
971 Fundamental Results
972 Conclusions of United States Case Study 4
98 United States Case Study 5 – The economics of an HSPA Evolved blade overlay nd the OF DMA-based technologies for mobile and fixed voice and data services n the AWS band
981 Fundamental Results
982 Conclusions of United States Case Study 5
99 United States Case Study 6 – The economics of Mobile WiMAX in 2500MHz and V-DO Rev B in 1900MHz for mobile voice and data traffic
991 Fundamental Results
992 Conclusions of United States Case Study 6
910 United States Case Study 7 – The economics of Mobile WiMAX in 2500MHz and V-DO Rev B in 1900MHz for cellular and landline voice and data traffic
9101 Fundamental Results
9102 Conclusions of United States Case Study 7
911 United States Case Study 8 – The economics of Mobile WiMAX and EV-DO in 500MHz for nomadic data traffic
9111 Fundamental Results
9112 Conclusions of United States Case Study 8
912 United States Case Study 9 – The economics of several network strategies n the 700MHz band for providing mobile and landline voice and data services
9121 Fundamental Results
9122 Conclusions of United States Case Study 9
913 United States Case Study 10 – The economics of using Mobile WiMAX at 2500MHz and 3500MHz for Solving the Digital Divide
9131 Fundamental Results
9132 Conclusions of United States Case Study 10

chapter 10: Western Europe
100 Western Europe
101 The competitive landscape
1011 450MHz
1012 700MHz
1013 900MHz and 1800MHz
1014 2100MHz
1015 2500MHz
1016 3500MHz
102 The Current Demand for Telecommunications Services
103 The Economics of Broadband Wireless in Western Europe
1031 Key Observations
104 Western Europe Case Study 1 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and limited broadband data service using the 900MHz band
1041 Fundamental Results
1042 Conclusions of Western Europe Case Study 1
Western Europe Case Study 2 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and limited broadband data service using the 2500MHz band
1 Fundamental Results
2 Conclusions of Western Europe Case Study 2
106 Western Europe Case Study 3 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and full broadband data service
1061 Fundamental Results
1062 Conclusions of Western Europe Case Study 3
107 Western Europe Case Study 4 – The economics of a nomadic wireless voice and broadband data service
1071 Fundamental Results
1072 Conclusions of Western Europe Case Study 4
108 Western Europe Case Study 5 – The economics of 700MHz for a highly mobile wireless voice and full broadband data service for the non-urban regions
1081 Fundamental Results
1082 Conclusions of Western Europe Study 5

chapter 11: Eastern Europe
110 Eastern Europe
111 The competitive landscape
1111 450MHz
1112 700MHz
1113 900MHz and 1800MHz
1114 2100MHz
1115 2500MHz
1116 3500MHz
112 The Current Demand for Telecommunications Services
113 The Economics of Broadband Wireless in Eastern Europe
1131 Key Observations
114 Eastern Europe Case Study 1 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and limited broadband data service using the 900MHz band
1141 Fundamental Results
115 Eastern Europe Case Study 2 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and limited broadband data service using the 2500MHz band
1151 Fundamental Results
116 Eastern Europe Case Study 3 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and full broadband data service
1161 Fundamental Results
117 Eastern Europe Case Study 4 – The economics of a nomadic wireless voice and broadband data service
1171 Fundamental Results
118 Eastern Europe Case Study 5 – The economics of 700MHz for a highly mobile wireless voice and full broadband data service for the non-urban regions
1181 Fundamental Results
119 Understanding the differences between Eastern Europe and Western Europe results
1191 All is not lost

chapter 12: India
120 India
121 The competitive landscape
1211 450MHz
1212 700MHz
1213 850MHz
1214 900MHz and 1800MHz
1215 2100MHz
1216 2500MHz
1217 3500MHz
122 The Current Demand for Telecommunications Services
123 The Economics of Broadband Wireless in India
1231 Key Observations
124 India Case Study 1 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and broadband data service to the dense urban and urban population
1241 Fundamental Results
125 India Case Study 2 – The economics of a nomadic or semi-fixed wireless and broadband data service to the dense urban and urban population
1251 Fundamental Results
1252 Conclusions of India Case Study 2
126 India Case Study 3 – The economics of a fixed or semi-fixed wireless voice and broadband data service to the suburban population
1261 Fundamental Results
1262 Conclusions of India Case Study 3
127 India Case Study 4 – The economics of a wireless voice and broadband data service to the rural population
1271 Fundamental Results
1272 Conclusions of India Case Study 4
128 India Case Study 5 – The economics of providing a wireless voice only service to the rural population
1281 Fundamental Results
1282 Conclusions of India Case Study 5

chapter 13: China
130 China
131 The competitive landscape
1311 450MHz
1312 700MHz
1313 800MHz
1314 900MHz and 1800MHz
1315 2100MHz
1316 2500MHz
1317 3500MHz
132 The Current Demand for Telecommunications Services
133 The Economics of Broadband Wireless in China
1331 Key Observations
134 China Case Study 1 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and limited broadband data service to the dense urban and urban population
1341 Fundamental Results
1342 Conclusions of China Case Study 1
135 China Case Study 2 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and broadband data service to the dense urban and urban population
1351 Fundamental Results
1352 Conclusions of China Case Study 2
136 China Case Study 3 – The economics of a semi-fixed or nomadic wireless voice and broadband data service to the dense urban and urban population
1361 Fundamental Results
1362 Conclusions of China Case Study 3
137 China Case Study 4 – The economics of a fixed or semi-fixed wireless voice and broadband data service to the suburban population
1371 Fundamental Results
1372 Conclusions of China Case Study 4
138 China Case Study 5 – The economics of a fixed or semi-fixed wireless voice and broadband data service to the rural population
1381 Fundamental Results

chapter 14: Developed Asia
140 Developed Asia
141 The competitive landscape
1411 700MHz
1412 850MHz
1413 900MHz and 1800MHz
1414 1700MHz
1415 2100MHz
1416 2500MHz
1417 3500MHz
142 The Current Demand for Telecommunications Services
143 The Economics of Broadband Wireless in Developed Asia
1431 Key observations
144 Developed Asia Case Study 1 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and limited broadband data service for the urban regions
1441 Fundamental Results
1442 Conclusions of Developed Asia Case Study 1
145 Developed Asia Case Study 2 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and full broadband data service for the urban regions
1451 Fundamental Results
1452 Conclusions of Developed Asia Case Study 2
146 Developed Asia Case Study 3 – The economics of Mobile WiMAX using 2500MHz and 3500MHz for a nomadic or semi-fixed broadband data service for the urban regions
1461 Fundamental Results
1462 Conclusions of Developed Asia Case Study 3
147 Developed Asia Case Study 4 – The economics of a nomadic broadband data service targeting non-urban regions
1471 Fundamental Results
1472 Conclusions of Developed Asia Case Study 4

chapter 15: Latin America
150 Latin America
151 The competitive landscape
1511 450MHz
1512 700MHz
1513 900MHz and 1800MHz
1514 1700MHz
1515 1900MHz
1516 2100MHz
1517 2500MHz
1518 3500MHz 5
152 The Current Demand for Telecommunications Services
153 The Economics of Broadband Wireless in Latin America 5
1531 Key observations
154 Latin America Case Study 1 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and limited broadband data service for the urban regions
1541 Fundamental Results
1541 Conclusions of Latin America Case Study 1
155 Latin America Case Study 2 – The economics of a highly mobile wireless voice and full broadband data service for the urban regions
1551 Fundamental Results
1552 Conclusions of Latin America Case Study 2
156 Latin America Case Study 3 – The economics of Mobile WiMAX using 2500MHz and 3500MHz for a nomadic broadband data service for the urban regions
1561 Fundamental Results
1562 Conclusions of Latin America Case Study 3
157 Latin America Case Study 4 – The economics of a nomadic broadband data service targeting non-urban regions
1571 Fundamental Results
1573 Conclusions of Latin America Case Study 4
158 Latin America Case Study 5 – The economics of a nomadic wireless broadband data service targeting non-urban regions – sensitivity study
1581 Fundamental Results
1582 Conclusions of Latin America Case Study 5

chapter 16: Modeling Methodology
160 Modeling Methodology
161 Objectives
162 What Is Not Included in the Model
1621 Revenue
1622 Churn
1623 Subscriber Acquisition Cost (SAC) and Subscriber Retention Cost (SRC)
1624 Cost of Devices
1625 Spectrum Costs
1626 Economies of Scale, Learning Curve Effects, Licensing Fees and Intellectual Property Rights
1627 Termination Fees
1628 Network Staff
1629 Customer Service
16210 Billing Systems
16211 General and Administrative Costs
163 Key Concepts and Methodology
1631 Scenarios
1632 Service Concepts
1633 Levels of Demand
1634 Coverage and Capacity
1635 Cost of Capital
1636 Capital Expenditures
1637 Operating Expenses
1638 Asset Classes, Asset Lives
1639 Total Allocated Cost
16310 Average Cost versus Marginal Cost
16311 Unit Costs (Cost per Minute, Cost per MB)
16312 Special Purpose Controls
164 Demand for Telecommunications
1641 Adjustment Factors
1642 Demand after Adjustments
1643 Subscribers, Minutes and MBs
1644 Level of Demand: 1x, 1x, and 10x
165 Population Coverage and Buildout su_f2
1651 Deployment Approaches
166 Site-related Costs
1661 Gross Capital Investment
1662 Operating Expenses
167 Key Numerical Inputs
1671 Traditional and Remote Radio Head sites
1672 Radio Infrastructure Costs
1673 Transmission (Backhaul) Costs
1674 Core Network Costs
168 Radio Access Network (RAN) Modeling Assumptions
1681 RAN Coverage Modeling
1682 Demographics
1683 Link Budget Assumptions
1684 Probability of Coverage (POC) Methodology
1685 Cell Coverage
1686 RAN Capacity Modeling
1687 Traffic Modeling

chapter 17: Radio Access Technologies
170 Radio Access Technologies
171 History of Cellular Wireless
172 OF DMA Primer
1721 Separation between degrees of freedom
1722 Differences between OFDM and OFDMA
173 OF DMA versus CDMA
1731 Inter-symbol Interference and realizable SNR
1732 The Relationship between MIMO and High SNR
1733 Wider Bandwidths and Equalization Complexity
1734 Separation between Degrees of Freedom
1735 Fractional Frequency Reuse
174 OF DMA Issues and Challenges
1741 Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR)
1741 Timing and Frequency Synchronization
1742 Sensitivity to Doppler
175 OF DMA System
1751 Network Protocol Stacks
1752 Wireless Fundamentals
1753 General System Design Aspects
1754 Physical Layer
1755 MAC Layer
1756 Power and Timing Correction
1757 Bandwidth Request
1758 Data Channels
176 Uplink Design and PAPR
1761 Sub-channelization
177 Mobile Terminal States
178 Handoff and Mobility
1781 Handoff Design – macro aspects
1782 Base Station Detection and Acquisition
1783 Detection of out-of-band Channels
1784 Multiple Links and Connections
1785 Soft handoff
1786 Quality of Service Mechanisms

chapter 18: Next Generation Core Network Architectures, Backhaul Technologies and IMS
180 Next Generation Core Network Architectures, Backhaul Technologies and IMS
181 The Current Network Architecture
182 Operator Requirements for NGN
183 Network Model
184 Next Generation Network Characteristics
1841 Flat Architecture
1842 IP Based Radio Access Network (IP-RAN)
1843 Mobile IP for Network Mobility
1844 Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
185 Next Generation Generic Network Architecture
186 Major Network Architectures
1861 Mobile WiMAX Network Architecture
1862 LTE Network Architecture
1863 UMB Network Architecture
1864 Enhanced HSPA Architecture
1865 Network Comparison
187 Interworking
1871 Wireless LAN Interworking
1872 3GPP Interworking for Wireless LAN
1873 3GPP2 Interworking for Wireless LAN
1874 Mobile WiMAX and 1X/1xEV-DO Interworking
1875 LTE and 1X/1xEV-DO Interworking
188 IP-RAN Backhaul
1881 Current Backhaul Technology
1882 Drivers for IP-based Backhaul
1883 Impact of Next Generation Wireless Architecture on the Backhaul
1884 Backhaul Options for Next Generation Wireless Networks
1885 Backhaul Transport
189 IMS/MMD Networks
1891 IMS Architecture
1892 IMS Enablers
1893 Deploying IMS
1894 Current State of Wireline Networks
1895 IMS Introduction in the Wireline Network
1896 The Current State of Wireless Networks
1897 IMS Introduction in Next Generation Wireless Networks
1810 Fixed Mobile Convergence
1811 FMC in Next Generation Wireless Networks
18111 Wireless LAN Solutions
18112 Femtocell Solutions

Appendix a: Worldwide Results – 65 Countries
Appendix A: Worldwide Results – 65 Countries
A1 Introduction
A2 The Matrix

Appendix b: About the Authors
Appendix B – About the Authors
Michael Thelander, CEO and Founder of Signals Research Group, LL C
J Randolph Luening, Vice President, Wireless Economics, Signals Research Group, LL C
Mark Schulz, Vice President, Wireless Technologies, Signals Research Group, LL C
Narayan Parameshwar, Founder of Solubiq and SRG Independent Consultant
Murari Srinivasan, CEO Degrees of Freedom, LL C and SRG Independent Consultant

Index of figure
Figure 1: The Technology Evolution
Figure 2: Remote Radio Heads
Figure 3: Six Device Types
Figure 4: Modeling Dimensions
Figure 5: Voice Service Probability of Area Coverage @2500MH z
Figure 6: Uplink Data Rate / Probability of Area Coverage @ 2500MH z
Figure 7: EDX Uplink Data Rate Coverage Plot of a Desktop CPE in a 700MH z OFDMA Network
Figure 8: EDX Uplink Data Rate Coverage Plot of a Data card in a 700MH z OFDMA Network
Figure 9: EDX Uplink Data Rate Coverage Plot of a Desktop CPE in a 2500MH z OFDMA Network
Figure 10: EDX Uplink Data Rate Coverage Plot of a Data card in a 2500 MH z OFDMA Network
Figure 11: Statistical Results of the Beaverton, Oregon Networks
Figure 12: Telecommunications Traffic by Region
Figure 13: Telecommunications Traffic by Region - Percentage Distribution
Figure 14: Geographic Distribution of Traffic (Equivalent MBs)
Figure 15: Population Distribution by Morphology
Figure 16: Land Area Distribution by Morphology
Figure 17: Mobile Minutes vs Fixed Minutes
Figure 18: Data Traffic - Mobile vs Fixed Broadband vs Dial-Up
Figure 19: Minutes vs MBs
Figure 20: Mature Economies: Voice and Data Traffic per POP by Service Concept
Figure 21: Emerging Economies: Voice and Data Traffic per POP by Service Concept
Figure 22: Emerging Economies: Voice and Data Traffic per POP by Service Concept
Figure 23: Voice Traffic by Region and by Service Concept
Figure 24: Data Traffic by Region and by Service Concept
Figure 25: Population Distribution by Morphology by Country
Figure 25: Population Distribution by Morphology by Country, cont
Figure 26: Land Area Distribution by Morphology by Country
Figure 26: Land Area Distribution by Morphology by Country, cont
Figure 27: Demand Distribution by Type of Traffic by Country
Figure 27: Demand Distribution by Type of Traffic by Country, cont
Figure 28: Population by Country
Figure 28: Population by Country, cont
Figure 29: Land Area by Country
Figure 29: Land Area by Country, cont
Figure 30: People per Household by Country
Figure 30: People per Household by Country, cont
Figure 31: Population Density (People per Square Kilometer) by Country
Figure 31: Population Density (People per Square Kilometer) by Country, cont
Figure 32: Gross Domestic Product ($, PPP) by Country
Figure 32: Gross Domestic Product ($, PPP) by Country, cont
Figure 33: GDP per Capita by Country
Figure 33: GDP per Capita by Country, cont
Figure 34: Coverage Sites, by Service Concept and Frequency Band
Figure 35: Mature Economics, 10MH z of Spectrum
Figure 36: Mature Economics, 20MH z of Spectrum
Figure 37: Mature Economies, 40MH z of Spectrum
Figure 38: Emerging Economies, 10MH z
Figure 39: Emerging Economies, 20MH z
Figure 40: Emerging Economies, 40MH z
Figure 41: Mobile Voice (SC1) - Cost/Minute vs Population Coverage
Figure 42: Mobile Voice, Mobile Data, Fixed Voice, and Fixed Data (SC11) - Cost per Minute versus Population Coverage
Figure 43: Mobile Voice, Mobile Data, Fixed Voice, and Fixed Data (SC7) - Cost per Minute versus Population Coverage
Figure 44: Population vs Area by World Region
Figure 45: Commuter and Wealth Effects (Mature Markets, SC1, Voice)
Figure 46: Commuter and Wealth Effects (Mature Markets, SC11, Voice)
Figure 47: Commuter and Wealth Effects (Mature Markets, SC11, Data)
Figure 48: Commuter and Wealth Effects (Emerging Markets, SC1, Voice)
Figure 49: Commuter and Wealth Effects (Emerging Markets, SC11, Voice)
Figure 50: Commuter and Wealth Effects (Emerging Markets, SC11, Data)
Figure 51: GDP per Capita by Region (PPP)
Figure 52: Impact of Scale Effect on Network Economics
Figure 53: Cost of Coverage
Figure 54: Cost of Voice Capacity – voice-capacity constrained network
Figure 55: Cost of Data Capacity – data capacity constrained network
Figure 56: Smart Antenna Technologies – capacity constrained networks
Figure 57: Capital per Coverage Site
Figure 58: Capital per Capacity Site
Figure 59: Traditional Site Architecture versus Remote Radio Heads
Figure 60: Core Network: Traditional versus Flat IP
Figure 61: Backhaul Transmission Costs per Cell Site – Technology Options
Figure 62: Deployment Options – Coverage Only
Figure 63: Deployment Options – Voice (Full Capacity)
Figure 64: Deployment Options – Data (Full Capacity)
Figure 65: Deployment Options – Summary Results
Figure 66: Network Cost versus Demand – Unit Costs
Figure 67: Network Cost – Voice and Data
Figure 68: Network Cost – Voice Only
Figure 69: Network Cost – Data Only
Figure 70: Link Budget – Impact on Economics if Coverage Constrained
Figure 71: Voice Capacity – Impact on Economics
Figure 72: Data Capacity – Impact on Economics
Figure 73: Radio Capital Investment - Impact on Economics
Figure 74: Site Acquisition/Civil Capital Investment – Impact on Economics
Figure 75: Transmission Capital Investment – Impact on Economics
Figure 76: Core Network Capital Investment – Impact on Economics
Figure 77: Radio Operating Expenses – Impact on Economics
Figure 78: Site-Related Operating Expenses – Impact on Economics
Figure 79: Transmission Operating Expenses – Impact on Economics
Figure 80: Core Network Operating Expenses – Impact on Economics
Figure 81: CPE - Outdoor Antenna Installation Cost
Figure 82: Weighted Average Cost of Capital – Impact on Economics
Figure 83: CPE Asset Life – Economic Impact
Figure 84: Electronics Asset Life – Economic Impact
Figure 85: Site Acquisition/Civil Works Asset Life – Economic Impact
Figure 86: The United States – 90% Population Threshold
Figure 87: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute – by Network Strategy
Figure 88: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 89: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 90: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Capacity and Coverage Purposes at the 01x, x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 91: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 92: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 93: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – y Network Strategy
Figure 94: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 95: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 96: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 97: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 98: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – y Network Strategy
Figure 99: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 100: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – y Network Strategy
Figure 101: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute – by Network Strategy
Figure 102: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 103: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 104: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure : Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – y Network Strategy
Figure 106: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 107: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – y Network Strategy
Figure 108: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 109: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 110: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 111: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, x and 5x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 112: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 5x Demand Levels – y Network Strategy
Figure 113: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – y Network Strategy
Figure 114: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 5x Demand Levels – y Network Strategy
Figure 115: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 116: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 117: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 118: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 119: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 120: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels –
by Network Strategy
Figure 121: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute – by Network Strategy
Figure 122: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 123: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 124: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 125: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 126: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 127: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 128: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 129: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 130: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 131: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 132: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 133: Estimated Cost per Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 134: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 135: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 136: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 137: Distribution of Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 138: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 139: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 140: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 141: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 142: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels –by Network Strategy
Figure 143: Distribution of Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 144: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 145: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 146: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 147: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels –by Network Strategy
Figure 148: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 149: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 150: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 151: Western Europe – 90% Population Threshold
Figure 152: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 153: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 154: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 155: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 156: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 157: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 158: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 159: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 160: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 161: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 162: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 163: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 164: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 165: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 166: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 167: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 168: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 169: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 170: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 171: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 172: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 173: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Capacity and Coverage Purposes at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 174: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 175: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 176: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 177: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 178: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 179: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 180: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 181: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 182: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 183: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 184: Eastern Europe – 90% Threshold
Figure 185: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 186: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 187: Total Number of Cell Sites at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 188: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 189: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 190: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 191: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 192: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 193: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 194: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 195: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 196: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 197: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 198: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 199: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 200: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 201: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 202: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 203: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 204: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 205: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 206: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 207: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 208: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 209: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 210: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 211: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 212: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 213: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 214: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 215: The impact of GDP on Network Related Costs
Figure 215, cont: The impact of GDP on Network Related Costs
Figure 216: Network Utilization of Eastern Europe and Western Europe
Figure 217: Cost per MB at Various Demand Levels – Eastern and Western Europe
Figure 218: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data MB – with varying demand and market share assumptions
Figure 219: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels – with varying demand and market share assumptions
Figure 220: India – 90% Population Threshold
Figure 221: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 222: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 223: Total Number of Cell Sites at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 224: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 225: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 226: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 227: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 228: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 229: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 230: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 231: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 232: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 233: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 234: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 235: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 236: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 237: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 238: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels –
by Network Strategy
Figure 239: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 240: Network Utilization Rates – by Network Strategy
Figure 241: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 242: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 243: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 244: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 245: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute – by Network Strategy
Figure 246: Network Utilization Rates – by Network Strategy
Figure 247: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 248: Distribution of Voice Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 249: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 250: Distribution of Voice Costs (no device subsidy) at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 251: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 252: China – 90% Population Threshold
Figure 253: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 254: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 255: Total Number of Cell Sites at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 256: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 257: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 258: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 259: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 260: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 261: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 262: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 263: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 264: Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 265: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 266: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 267: Total Number of Cell Sites at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 268: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 269: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 270: Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 271: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 272: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 273: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 274: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels
Figure 275: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 276: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 277: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 278: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 279: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 280: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 281: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 282: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 283: Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 284: Developed Asia – 90% Population Threshold
Figure 285: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 286: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 287: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 288: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 289: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 290: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 291: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 292: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 293: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 294: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 295: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 296: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 297: Estimated Cost per Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 298: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 299: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 300: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 301: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 302: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels –
by Network Strategy
Figure 303: Estimated Cost per Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 304: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 305: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 306: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 307: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 308: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 309: Latin America – 90% Population Threshold
Figure 310: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 311: Network Utilization – by Technology
Figure 312: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 313: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 10x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 314: Gross Capital Expenditures per POP Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Technology
Figure 315: Estimated Monthly Cost per Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 316: Estimated Cost per Voice Minute and Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 317: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 318: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 319: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 320: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 321: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 10x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 322: Estimated Cost per Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 323: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 324: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 325: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 326: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 327: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 328: Estimated Cost per Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 329: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 330: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 331: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 332: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 333: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 334: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 335: Estimated Cost per Data Megabyte – by Network Strategy
Figure 336: Network Utilization – by Network Strategy
Figure 337: Total Number of Cell Sites Required at each Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 338: Total Number of Cell Sites Required for Coverage and Capacity Purposes at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 339: Distribution of Voice and Data Costs at the 01x, 1x and 2x Demand Levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 340: Gross Capital Expenditures per Household Covered at the 01x Demand Level – by Network Strategy
Figure 341: Estimated Monthly Cost per Household Subscriber at the 01x, 1x and 2x demand levels – by Network Strategy
Figure 342: Morphology Classifications for New York & San Francisco
Figure 346: Morphology Classifications for Tokyo and Hong Kong
Figure 343: Morphology Classifications for London and Paris
Figure 344: Service Concept Link Budget Margins
Figure 345: Data Service Probability of Area Coverage @ 2500MH z
Figure 346: Voice Service Probability of Area Coverage @ 2500 MH z
Figure 347: 3-Sector Cell Area Calculation
Figure 348: Indoor Data Card Uplink Cell Range
Figure 349: Service Concept Relative Cell Counts
Figure 350: Full Buffer Layer 2 Spectral Efficiency
Figure 351: Uplink/Downlink Data Capacity Ratio Relative to Demand
Figure 352: VoIP Channel Capacity
Figure 353: AAS Relative Capacity Performance
Figure 354: TDMA-based Systems
Figure 355: Medium Access in CDMA
Figure 356: OFDM Symbol with Cyclic Prefix
Figure 357: Medium-access in OFDMA
Figure 358: The difference between OFDM and OFDMA
Figure 359: Complementary Resource Requirements
Figure 360: Fractional Frequency Reuse
Figure 361: OSI Networking Protocol Model
Figure 362: Frequency and Time Division Duplex
Figure 363: CDMA control segments in UM B
Figure 364: Modulation Schemes
Figure 365: Pilots and Data Symbols
Figure 366: Make-before-Break Handoff
Figure 367: Independent handoff for forward and reverse links
Figure 368: Beacon Tones
Figure 369: Out-of-band Beacons
Figure 370: The 3G Network Architectures
Figure 371: The Network Model
Figure 372: NGN Generic Architecture
Figure 373: Mobile WiMAX Network Architecture
Figure 374: LTE Network Architecture
Figure 375: LTE Interworking with 3GPP Networks
Figure 376: UM B Network Architecture
Figure 377: UM B and 1xEV-DO Interworking
Figure 378: UM S/HSPA Single Tunnel Architecture
Figure 379: LTE and Wireless LAN Interworking
Figure 380: UM B and Wireless LAN Interworking
Figure 381: Mobile WiMAX and 1X/1xEV-DO Interworking
Figure 382: LTE and 1xEV-DO Interworking
Figure 383: Channel Bonding
Figure 384: Aggregation through Pseudowire
Figure 385: IM S Architecture
Figure 386: IM S Deployment
Figure 387: FMC -Wireless LAN Solution
Figure 388: Femtocell – Macro Gateway
Figure 389: Femtocell – Separate Gateways

Index of Tables
Table 1: Frequency Bands Included in the Report
Table 2: Service Concept Definitions
Table 3: Service Concepts by Device Type
Table 4: Calculating Demand Example
Table 5: Service Concept Demand
Table 6: Service Concept Demand Summary
Table 7: Service Concept Statistical Performance Specifications
Table 8: Abstract Countries Summary
Table 9: Abstract Countries – Detailed View
Table 9: Abstract Countries – Detailed View, cont
Table 10: CPP and MPP Terminology
Table 11: A Tale of Three Operators
Table 12: Voice Traffic, UK and France (Minutes per Year)
Table 13: Data Completeness
Table 14: Type of Traffic
Table 15: Broadband Usage per Subscriber
Table 16: Dial-Up Usage per Subscriber
Table 17: Upcoming Figures and Tables
Table 18: Distribution of Population and Area by Morphology
Table 18: Distribution of Population and Area by Morphology, cont
Table 19: Telecommunications Demand by Country by Type of Traffic
Table 19: Telecommunications Demand by Country by Type of Traffic, cont
Table 20: Relative Site Count
Table 21: Results by Service Concept and Frequency Band – Mature Markets
Table 21: Results by Service Concept and Frequency Band – Mature Markets, cont
Table 22: Results by Service Concept and Frequency Band – Emerging Markets
Table 22: Results by Service Concept and Frequency Band – Emerging Markets, cont
Table 23: Unit Cost Example – Service Concept 4
Table 24: Unit Cost Example – Service Concept 1
Table 25: Definitions
Table 26: North American Case Studies
Table 27: Key Assumptions
Table 27: Key Assumptions, cont
Table 28: US Case Studies – Key Assumptions and Conclusions
Table 29: Key Assumptions
Table 30: Key Assumptions
Table 31: Key Assumptions
Table 33: Key Assumptions
Table 34: Key Assumptions
Table 35: Key Assumptions
Table 36: Key Assumptions
Table 37: Key Assumptions
Table 38: Western Europe Case Studies
Table 39: Western Europe Case Studies – Key Assumptions and Conclusions
Table 40: Key Assumptions
Table 41: Key Assumptions
Table 42: Key Assumptions
Table 43: Key Assumptions
Table 45: Key Assumptions
Table 46: Eastern Europe Case Studies
Table 47: Eastern Europe Case Studies – Key Assumptions and Conclusions
Table 48: Key Assumptions
Table 49: Key Assumptions
Table 50: Key Assumptions
Table 51: Key Assumptions
Table 52: Key Assumptions
Table 53: Number of Coverage Cell Sites in Eastern and Western Europe
Table 54: The Current Demand for Landline Voice and Data Services in Eastern Europe and Western Europe
Table 55: India Case Studies
Table 56: India Case Studies – Key Assumptions and Conclusions
Table 57: Key Assumptions
Table 58: Key Assumptions
Table 59: Key Assumptions
Table 60: Key Assumptions
Table 61: Key Assumptions
Table 62: China Case Studies
Table 63: China Case Studies – Key Assumptions and Conclusions
Table 64: Key Assumptions
Table 65: Key Assumptions
Table 66: Key Assumptions
Table 67: Key Assumptions
Table 68: Key Assumptions
Table 69: Developed Asia Case Studies
Table 70: Developed Asia Case Studies – Key Assumptions and Conclusions 5
Table 71: Key Assumptions
Table 72: Key Assumptions
Table 73: Key Assumptions
Table 74: Key Assumptions
Table 75: Latin America Case Studies
Table 76: Latin America Case Studies – Key Assumptions and Conclusions
Table 77: Key Assumptions
Table 78: Key Assumptions
Table 79: Key Assumptions
Table 80: Key Assumptions
Table 81: Key Assumptions
Table 82: Summary of Site-Related Costs
Table 83: Remote Radio Head Cost Factors
Table 84: “Naked” Radio Infrastructure Capital, Traditional Architecture
Table 85: Total Site Capital (DU, U, S), Remote Radio Head Architecture
Table 86: Transmission (Backhaul) Architectures
Table 87: Core Network Platform Capital
Table 88: Primary RAN Coverage Assumptions
Table 89: User Equipment EIR P Assumptions
Table 90: 3-Sector 65 Degree Beamwidth Cell Site Antenna Gains
Table 91: Link Budget Margin Parameters by Device Type
Table 92: Baseline Antenna Configurations
Table 93: Site Busy Hour Metrics
Table 95: Network Architecture Comparison

Appendix Tables
A-A: Matrix of Scenarios 785
A-1: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-1: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-2: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-2: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-3: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-3: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-4: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-4: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-5: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-5: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-6: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-6: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont 7
A-7: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-7: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-8: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-8: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-9: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-9: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-10: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-10: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-11: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-11: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 700 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-12: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-12: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-13: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-13: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-14: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-14: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-15: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-15: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-16: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-16: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-17: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-17: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-18: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-18: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-19: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-19: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-20: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-20: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-21: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-21: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-22: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-22: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-23: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-23: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-24: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-24: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-25: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-25: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-26: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-26: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-27: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-27: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-28: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-28: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-29: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-29: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-30: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-30: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-31: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-31: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-32: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-32: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-33: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4) 8
A-33: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 2500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-34: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-34: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-35: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-35: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-36: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-36: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-37: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-37: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-38: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-38: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-39: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-39: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-40: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-40: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-41: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-41: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-42: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-42: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-43: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-43: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-44: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-44: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-45: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-45: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-46: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-46: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-47: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-47: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-48: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-48: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-49: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-49: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-50: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-50: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-51: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-51: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-52: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-52: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-53: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-53: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-54: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-54: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-55: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-55: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 2500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-56: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-56: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-57: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-57: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-58: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-58: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-59: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-59: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-60: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-60: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-61: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-61: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, conrt
A-62: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-62: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-63: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-63: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-64: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-64: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-65: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-65: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-66: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas
A-66: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-67: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-67: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-68: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-68: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-69: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-69: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), contl
A-70: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-70: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-71: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-71: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-72: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-72: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-73: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-73: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-74: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-74: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-75: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-75: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-76: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-76: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-77: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-77: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 3500 MH z, FDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-78: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-78: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-79: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-79: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-79: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-80: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-81: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-81: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-82: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-82: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas cont
A-83: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-83: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-84: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-84: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-85: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-85: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-86: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-86: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-87: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-87: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas), cont
A-88: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas
A-88: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Traditional Antennas, cont
A-89: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-89: Service Concept 1 (Mobile V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-90: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-90: Service Concept 2 (Desktop V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-91: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-91: Service Concept 3 (Desktop D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-92: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-92: Service Concept 4 (Desktop V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-93: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-93: Service Concept 5 (Window V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-94: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-94: Service Concept 6 (Window D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-95: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-95: Service Concept 7 (Window V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-96: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-96: Service Concept 8 (Outdoor V), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-97: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-97: Service Concept 9 (Outdoor D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-98: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-98: Service Concept 10 (Outdoor V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4), cont
A-99: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4)
A-99: Service Concept 11 (ALL Devices, V+D), 3500 MH z, TDD, Smart Antennas (AAS-4),cont

Michael Thelander CEO and Founder.
Michael Thelander is the CEO and Founder of Signals Research Group. Previously, Mr. Thelander was an analyst with Deutsche Bank Equity Research where he spearheaded the creation and subsequent publication of the Signals to Noise (S2N) newsletter and The Rise of the 3G Empire thematic reports, which many industry followers considered to be the preeminent research products of their kind.
Prior to joining Deutsche Bank, Mr. Thelander was a consultant with KPMG (now known as BearingPoint) and a communications officer with the United States Army. Mr. Thelander has also published numerous articles for leading trade publications and engineering journals throughout his career.
He has been an invited speaker at industry conferences around the world and he is frequently quoted by major news sources and industry newsletters, including The Economist, The Wall Street Journal, Investors Business Daily, Reuters, Bloomberg News, and The China Daily.

Mr. Thelander earned a Masters of Science in Solid State Physics from North Carolina State University and a Masters of Business Administration from the University of Chicago, Graduate School of Business.

J. Randolph Luening, Vice President, Wireless Economics, Signals Research Group, LL C
J. Randolph Luening is currently responsible for wireless economics at Signal Research Group. Mr. Luening spent 17 years at Vodafone Group, PLC a UK-based wireless operator, with businesses in 25 countries around the world. His roles included early stage investing, M&A, strategic financial modeling, strategic planning, marketing, and technology strategy. Mr. Luening was instrumental in launching several new business units and in spearheading key technology decisions which shaped the US wireless industry in the 1990s and strongly influenced decision-making abroad. His expertise includes sizing new product markets and developing and presenting emerging-product-space business cases. His expertise also includes designing flexible strategic financial decision-making models. Prior to Vodafone and its progenitor organizations (PacTel Cellular, PacTel Corporation AirTouch Communications) Mr. Luening worked for US WEST in market research and Hughes Aircraft Company in commercial satellite design. Mr. Luening has a Bachelors of Science in Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering from Duke University, a Masters of Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering from Cornell University, and an MBA from the Wharton School of Business.

Mark Schulz, Vice President, Wireless Technologies, Signals Research Group, LL C
Mark Schulz is responsible for the detailed analysis, evaluation and modeling of advanced wireless technologies. Prior to joining SRG, Mr. Schulz was an independent consultant in the wireless communications industry. As a consultant, he provided technical due diligence to the Venture Capital community and independent research for the evaluation of new and innovative technologies. Prior to consulting, Mr. Schulz was Director of Advanced Technology with Vodafone, PLC (previously AirTouch Communications) in Walnut Creek, California. At Vodafone, his responsibilities included the evaluation of new technology for wireless applications providing strategic guidance to executive management for potential investment and/or network implementation. As part of the technology evaluation process, he developed detailed network business economic models including traffic modeling, radio coverage and capacity dimensioning. Prior to joining Vodafone, Mr. Schulz was in the aerospace industry with Space Systems Loral, Lockheed Missiles and Space, Martin Marietta, and Hughes Aircraft. His responsibilities included antenna design, communication systems analysis and electromagnetic scattering analysis. Mr. Schulz received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. He received the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Southern California.

Narayan Parameshwar, Founder of Solubiq and SRG Independent Consultant
Narayan Parameshwar is a contributing research associate of SRG with expertise in the areas of wireless, VoIP and IP networking. He has founded his own consulting company called Solubiq which is focused on wireless and VoIP consulting and training. Previously, Mr. Parameshwar spent over seven years at Award Solutions, a premiere wirelesss consulting and training firm. As director of product management at Award Solutions, he guided product portfolio to include next generation wireless and IP technologies. Narayan has provided extensive consulting and training solutions in 1x/1xEV-DO, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/ GPRS/EDGE and WiMAX technologies. He has also done extensive training in VoIP and MPLS technologies and he has published many articles on next generation wireless and VoIP technologies in trade and IEEE publications.
Before joining Award Solutions, Mr. Parameshwar spent three years at Nortel as a member of its scientific staff and he was part of the team that developed Nortel’s first CDMA IS-95 network. He built call processing, network management and open interface applications for Nortel’s CDMA product portfolio. Mr. Parameshwar has a Masters of Science in Computer Science Engineering from University of Texas at Arlington.

Murari Srinivasan, CEO Degrees of Freedom, LL C and SRG Independent Consultant
Murari Srinivasan is currently an entrepreneur-in-residence at Charles River Ventures. He has a broad background covering all layers of broadband wireless systems with a focus on OFDMA technologies. Mr. Srinivasan has architected WiMAX infrastructure solutions and has carried out WiMAX vendor evaluation as part of his consulting efforts. He was previously a Principal Engineering Manager (Director) at Qualcomm and Flarion Technologies where he was one of the core architects of FLASH-OFDM. Murari was responsible for the MAC layer software on the Flarion base station and for system performance metrics and also led technical marketing and evangelizing efforts in India for FLASH-OFDM. Mr. Srinivasan has extensive experience in wireless system architecture and design as well as product development, and has over 20 patents granted or applied for. Previously, Murari earned a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Maryland and was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at Harvard University.

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