The 2009-2014 World Outlook for Cutting and Sewing Materials Contractors for Men's and Boys' Apparel

WHAT IS LATENT DEMAND AND THE P.I.E.?

The concept of latent demand is rather subtle. The term latent typically refers to something that is dormant, not observable, or not yet realized. Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target population or market requires under different assumptions of price, quality, and distribution, among other factors. Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. It is a measure, therefore, of potential industry earnings (P.I.E.) or total revenues (not profit) if a market is served in an efficient manner. It is typically expressed as the total revenues potentially extracted by firms. The “market” is defined at a given level in the value chain. There can be latent demand at the retail level, at the wholesale level, the manufacturing level, and the raw materials level (the P.I.E. of higher levels of the value chain being always smaller than the P.I.E. of levels at lower levels of the same value chain, assuming all levels maintain minimum profitability).

The latent demand for cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel is not actual or historic sales. Nor is latent demand future sales. In fact, latent demand can be lower either lower or higher than actual sales if a market is inefficient (i.e., not representative of relatively competitive levels). Inefficiencies arise from a number of factors, including the lack of international openness, cultural barriers to consumption, regulations, and cartel-like behavior on the part of firms. In general, however, latent demand is typically larger than actual sales in a country market.

For reasons discussed later, this report does not consider the notion of “unit quantities”, only total latent revenues (i.e., a calculation of price times quantity is never made, though one is implied). The units used in this report are U.S. dollars not adjusted for inflation (i.e., the figures incorporate inflationary trends) and not adjusted for future dynamics in exchange rates. If inflation rates or exchange rates vary in a substantial way compared to recent experience, actually sales can also exceed latent demand (when expressed in U.S. dollars, not adjusted for inflation). On the other hand, latent demand can be typically higher than actual sales as there are often distribution inefficiencies that reduce actual sales below the level of latent demand.

As mentioned in the introduction, this study is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved. If fact, all the current products or services on the market can cease to exist in their present form (i.e., at a brand-, R&D specification, or corporate-image level) and all the players can be replaced by other firms (i.e., via exits, entries, mergers, bankruptcies, etc.), and there will still be an international latent demand for cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel at the aggregate level. Product and service offering details, and the actual identity of the players involved, while important for certain issues, are relatively unimportant for estimates of latent demand.

THE METHODOLOGY

In order to estimate the latent demand for cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel on a worldwide basis, I used a multi-stage approach. Before applying the approach, one needs a basic theory from which such estimates are created. In this case, I heavily rely on the use of certain basic economic assumptions. In particular, there is an assumption governing the shape and type of aggregate latent demand functions. Latent demand functions relate the income of a country, city, state, household, or individual to realized consumption. Latent demand (often realized as consumption when an industry is efficient), at any level of the value chain, takes place if an equilibrium is realized. For firms to serve a market, they must perceive a latent demand and be able to serve that demand at a minimal return. The single most important variable determining consumption, assuming latent demand exists, is income (or other financial resources at higher levels of the value chain). Other factors that can pivot or shape demand curves include external or exogenous shocks (i.e., business cycles), and or changes in utility for the product in question.

Ignoring, for the moment, exogenous shocks and variations in utility across countries, the aggregate relation between income and consumption has been a central theme in economics. The figure below concisely summarizes one aspect of problem. In the 1930s, John Meynard Keynes conjectured that as incomes rise, the average propensity to consume would fall. The average propensity to consume is the level of consumption divided by the level of income, or the slope of the line from the origin to the consumption function. He estimated this relationship empirically and found it to be true in the short-run (mostly based on cross-sectional data). The higher the income, the lower the average propensity to consume. This type of consumption function is labeled "A" in the figure below (note the rather flat slope of the curve). In the 1940s, another macroeconomist, Simon Kuznets, estimated long-run consumption functions which indicated that the marginal propensity to consume was rather constant (using time series data across countries). This type of consumption function is show as "B" in the figure below (note the higher slope and zero-zero intercept). The average propensity to consume is constant.

Is it declining or is it constant? A number of other economists, notably Franco Modigliani and Milton Friedman, in the 1950s (and Irving Fisher earlier), explained why the two functions were different using various assumptions on intertemporal budget constraints, savings, and wealth. The shorter the time horizon, the more consumption can depend on wealth (earned in previous years) and business cycles. In the long-run, however, the propensity to consume is more constant. Similarly, in the long run, households, industries or countries with no income eventually have no consumption (wealth is depleted). While the debate surrounding beliefs about how income and consumption are related and interesting, in this study a very particular school of thought is adopted. In particular, we are considering the latent demand for cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel across some 230 countries. The smallest have fewer than 10,000 inhabitants. I assume that all of these counties fall along a "long-run" aggregate consumption function. This long-run function applies despite some of these countries having wealth, current income dominates the latent demand for cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel. So, latent demand in the long-run has a zero intercept. However, I allow firms to have different propensities to consume (including being on consumption functions with differing slopes, which can account for differences in industrial organization, and end-user preferences).

Given this overriding philosophy, I will now describe the methodology used to create the latent demand estimates for cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel. Since ICON Group has asked me to apply this methodology to a large number of categories, the rather academic discussion below is general and can be applied to a wide variety of categories, not just cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel.

Step 1. Product Definition and Data Collection

Any study of latent demand across countries requires that some standard be established to define “efficiently served”. Having implemented various alternatives and matched these with market outcomes, I have found that the optimal approach is to assume that certain key countries are more likely to be at or near efficiency than others. These countries are given greater weight than others in the estimation of latent demand compared to other countries for which no known data are available. Of the many alternatives, I have found the assumption that the world’s highest aggregate income and highest income-per-capita markets reflect the best standards for “efficiency”. High aggregate income alone is not sufficient (i.e., China has high aggregate income, but low income per capita and can not assumed to be efficient). Aggregate income can be operationalized in a number of ways, including gross domestic product (for industrial categories), or total disposable income (for household categories; population times average income per capita, or number of households times average household income per capita). Brunei, Nauru, Kuwait, and Lichtenstein are examples of countries with high income per capita, but not assumed to be efficient, given low aggregate level of income (or gross domestic product); these countries have, however, high incomes per capita but may not benefit from the efficiencies derived from economies of scale associated with large economies. Only countries with high income per capita and large aggregate income are assumed efficient. This greatly restricts the pool of countries to those in the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), like the United States, or the United Kingdom (which were earlier than other large OECD economies to liberalize their markets).

The selection of countries is further reduced by the fact that not all countries in the OECD report industry revenues at the category level. Countries that typically have ample data at the aggregate level that meet the efficiency criteria include the United States, the United Kingdom and in some cases France and Germany.

Latent demand is therefore estimated using data collected for relatively efficient markets from independent data sources (e.g. Euromonitor, Mintel, Thomson Financial Services, the U.S. Industrial Outlook, the World Resources Institute, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, various agencies from the United Nations, industry trade associations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank). Depending on original data sources used, the definition of “cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel” is established. In the case of this report, the data were reported at the aggregate level, with no further breakdown or definition. In other words, any potential product or service that might be incorporated within cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel falls under this category. Public sources rarely report data at the disaggregated level in order to protect private information from individual firms that might dominate a specific product-market. These sources will therefore aggregate across components of a category and report only the aggregate to the public. While private data are certainly available, this report only relies on public data at the aggregate level without reliance on the summation of various category components. In other words, this report does not aggregate a number of components to arrive at the “whole”. Rather, it starts with the “whole”, and estimates the whole for all countries and the world at large (without needing to know the specific parts that went into the whole in the first place).

Given this caveat, this study covers “cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel” as defined by the North American Industrial Classification system or NAICS (pronounced “nakes”). For a complete definition of cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel, please refer to the Web site at http://www.icongrouponline.com/codes/NAICS.html. The NAICS code for cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel is 315211. It is for this definition of cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel that the aggregate latent demand estimates are derived. “Cutting and sewing materials contractors for mens and boys apparel” is specifically defined as follows:

315211
This U.S. industry comprises establishments commonly referred to as contractors primarily engaged in (1) cutting materials owned by others for mens and boys apparel and/or (2) sewing materials owned by others for mens and boys apparel.

3152111
CONTRACT RECEIPTS FOR MEN’S AND BOYS’ TAILORED SUITS, COATS, JACKETS, AND VESTS

31521111
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ tailored suits, coats, jackets, and vests

3152111100
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ tailored suits, coats, jackets, and vests

3152113
CONTRACT RECEIPTS FOR MEN’S AND BOYS’ SHIRTS, EXCEPT WORK SHIRTS

31521131
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ shirts, except work shirts

3152113100
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ shirts, except work shirts

3152115
RECEIPTS FOR CONTRACT AND COMMISSION WORK ON MEN’S, JUNIOR BOYS’, LITTLE BOYS’, AND INFANTS’ UNDERWEAR AND NIGHTWEAR

31521151
Receipts for contract and commission work on men’s, boys’, little boys’, and infants’ underwear and nightwear

3152115100
Receipts for contract and commission work on women’s, misses’, and juniors’ underwear and nightwear

3152116
CONTRACT RECEIPTS FOR MEN’S AND BOYS’ UNDERWEAR AND NIGHTWEAR, INCLUDING ROBES

31521161
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ underwear and nightwear, including robes

3152116100
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ underwear and nightwear, including robes

3152117
RECEIPTS FOR CONTRACT AND COMMISSION WORK ON MEN’S, JUNIOR BOYS’, LITTLE BOYS’, AND INFANTS’ TROUSERS AND SLACKS

31521171
Receipts for contract and commission work on men’s, boys’, little boys’, and infants’ trousers and slacks

3152117100
Receipts for contract and commission work on men’s, boys’, little boys’, and infants’ trousers and slacks

3152118
CONTRACT RECEIPTS FOR MEN’S AND BOYS’ PANTS, WORK APPAREL, AND OTHER OUTERWEAR

31521181
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ trousers, slacks, jeans, and jean_cut casual slacks (except sweatpants and workpants)

3152118110
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ trousers, slacks, jeans, and jean_cut casual slacks (except sweatpants and workpants)

31521182
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ coveralls, washable service apparel, work shirts and workpants (except jeans)

3152118220
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ coveralls, washable service apparel, work shirts and workpants (except jeans)

31521183
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ nontailored coats, jackets and vests, shorts, swimwear, sweaters, sweatpants, and other outerwear

3152118330
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ nontailored coats, jackets and vests, shorts, swimwear, sweaters, sweatpants, and other outerwear

3152119
RECEIPTS FOR CONTRACT AND COMMISSION WORK ON MEN’S AND JUNIOR BOYS’ WORK CLOTHING, EXCEPT JEANS AND JEAN~CUT CASUAL SLACKS

31521191
Receipts for contract and commission work on men’s and boys’ work clothing, except jeans and jean~cut casual slacks

3152119100
Receipts for contract and commission work on men’s and boys’ work clothing, except jeans and jean~cut casual slacks

315211A
Contract mens and boys cut and sew apparel

315211A1
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ embroidering (except Schiffli), team sport uniforms, costumes, and other apparel and apparel accessories

315211A100
Contract receipts for men’s and boys’ embroidering (except Schiffli), team sport uniforms, costumes, and other apparel and apparel accessories

315211B
RECEIPTS FOR CONTRACT AND COMMISSION WORK ON MEN’S, JUNIOR BOYS’, LITTLE BOYS’, AND INFANTS’ OUTERWEAR, NEC

315211B1
Receipts for contract and commission work on men’s, boys’, little boys’, and infants’ outerwear, nec

315211B100
Receipts for contract and commission work on men’s, boys’, little boys’, and infants’ outerwear, nec

315211D
RECEIPTS FOR CONTRACT AND COMMISSION WORK ON MEN’S, JUNIORS’, AND LITTLE BOYS’ ROBES AND DRESSING GOWNS

315211D1
Contract and commission receipts for men’s, juniors’, and little boys’ robes and dressing gowns

315211D100
Contract and commission receipts for men’s, juniors’, and little boys’ robes and dressing gowns

315211F
RECEIPTS FOR CONTRACT AND COMMISSION WORK ON MEN’S, JUNIORS’, AND LITTLE BOYS’ RAINCOATS AND OTHER WATERPROOF OUTERGARMENTS

315211F1
Contract and commission receipts for men’s, juniors’, and little boys’ raincoats and other waterproof outergarments

315211F100
Contract and commission receipts for men’s, juniors’, and little boys’ raincoats and other waterproof outergarments

315211H
RECEIPTS FOR CONTRACT AND COMMISSION WORK ON MEN’S, JUNIORS’, AND LITTLE BOYS’ EMBROIDERING (OTHER THAN SCHIFFLI MACHINE), INCLUDING TUCKING, PLEATING, HEMSTITCHING, AND BUTTONHOLING FOR THE TRADE

315211H1
Receipts for contract and commission work on men’s, juniors’, and little boys’ embroidering (other than Schiffli machine), including tucking, pleating, hemstitching, and buttonholing for the trade

315211H100
Receipts for contract and commission work on men’s, juniors’, and little boys’ embroidering (other than Schiffli machine), including tucking, pleating, hemstitching, and buttonholing for the trade

315211M
Miscellaneous receipts

315211P
Primary Products

315211S
Secondary Products

315211SM
Secondary products and miscellaneous receipts

Furthermore, the definition of NAICS code 315211 includes the following:

Apparel trimmings and findings, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Apparel, fur, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Apparel, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Appliqueing on mens and boys apparel
Aprons, waterproof (including rubberized fabric, plastics), mens and boys, cut
Aprons, work (except leather), mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Arm bands, elastic, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Art needlework contractors on mens and boys apparel
Ascots, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Athletic clothing, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Athletic uniforms, team, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Bakers service apparel, washable, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contracto
Band uniforms, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Barbers service apparel, washable, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contract
Baseball caps (except plastics), mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Baseball uniforms, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Basketball uniforms, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Bathing suits, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Bathrobes, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Beachwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Belts, apparel (e.g., fabric, leather, vinyl), mens and boys, cut and sew appar
Belts, money, any material, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Bibs and aprons, waterproof (e.g., plastics, rubber, similar materials), mens an
Bow ties, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Briefs, underwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Burial garments, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Buttonhole making apparel contractors, mens and boys
Buttonholing and button covering apparel contractors, mens and boys
Caftans, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Caps (i.e., apparel accessory), mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Caps and gowns, academic, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Caps, textiles, straw, fur-felt, and wool-felt, mens and boys, cut and sew appa
Chauffeurs hats and caps, mens, cut and sew apparel contractors
Clerical vestments, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Clothing, fur, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Clothing, leather or sheep-lined, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractor
Clothing, water resistant, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Clothing, waterproof, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Clothing, water-repellent, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Coat linings, fur, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Coat trimmings, fabric, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Coats, artificial leather, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Coats, fur, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Coats, leather, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Coats, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Coats, nontailored service apparel (e.g., laboratory, mechanics, medical), mens
Coats, waterproof (i.e., plastic, rubberized fabric, similar materials), mens an
Contractors, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel
Costumes (e.g., lodge, masquerade, theatrical), mens and boys, cut and sew appa
Coveralls, work, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Cummerbunds, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Cut and sew apparel contractors, mens and boys
Cutting fabric owned by others for mens and boys apparel
Decorative stitching contractors on mens and boys apparel
Down-filled clothing, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Drawers, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Dress and semidress gloves, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Dungarees, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Embroidering contractors on mens and boys apparel
Eyelet making contractors on mens and boys apparel
Feather-filled clothing, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Field jackets, military, cut and sew apparel contractors
Findings, suit and coat (e.g., coat fronts, pockets), mens and boys, cut and se
Firefighters dress uniforms, mens, cut and sew apparel contractors
Flannel shirts, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Formal jackets, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Fur accessories and trimings, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Fur apparel (e.g., capes, coats, hats, jackets, neckpieces), mens and boys, cut
Fur clothing, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Fur finishers, liners, and buttonhole makers, mens and boys, cut and sew appare
Fur plates and trimmings, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Garments, leather or sheep-lined, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractor
Glove linings, fur, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Gloves and mittens (except athletic), leather, fabric, fur, or combinations, men
Gloves, leather (except athletic), mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contracto
Gowns (e.g., academic, choir, clerical), mens and boys, cut and sew apparel con
Gowns, hospital, surgical and patient, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contr
Graduation caps and gowns, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Handkerchiefs (except paper), mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Hat bodies (e.g., fur-felt, straw, wool-felt), mens and boys, cut and sew appar
Hat findings, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Hat linings and trimmings, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Hats, cloth, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Hats, fur, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Hats, fur-felt, straw, and wool-felt, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contra
Hats, leather, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Hats, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Hats, trimmed, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Hemstitching apparel contractors on mens and boys apparel
Hospital service apparel, washable, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contract
Hunting coats and vests, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Industrial garments, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Jackets, fur, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Jackets, leather (except welders) or sheep-lined, mens and boys, cut and sew a
Jackets, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Jackets, service apparel (e.g., laboratory, medical), mens and boys, cut and se
Jackets, ski, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Jackets, tailored, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Jean-cut casual slacks, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Jeans, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Jerseys, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Jogging suits, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Knickers, dress, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Knit gloves, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Laboratory coats, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Leather apparel (e.g., capes, coats, hats, jackets), mens and boys, cut and sew
Leather clothing, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Leather gloves or mittens (except athletic), mens and boys, cut and sew apparel
Linings, hat, mens, cut and sew apparel contractors
Lounging robes and dressing gowns, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contracto
Mackinaws, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Medical service apparel, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Melton jackets, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Military dress uniforms, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Millinery trimmings, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Millinery, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Mittens, leather, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Mittens, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Mittens, woven or knit, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Mufflers, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Neckpieces, fur, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Neckties, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Neckwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Needlework art contractors on mens and boys apparel
Nightgowns, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Nightshirts, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Nightwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Novelty stitching contractors on mens and boys apparel
Opera hats, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Overall jackets, work, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Overalls, work, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Overcoats, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Pajamas, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Panama hats, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Pants, althletic, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Pants, dress, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Pants, leather, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Pants, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Pants, unisex sweat, cut and sew apparel contractors
Pants, waterproof outerwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Pants, work (except dungarees, jeans), mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contr
Plastics gowns, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Plastics rainwear, mens and boys, cut and sewn apparel contractors
Pleating contractors on mens and boys apparel
Pockets (e.g., coat, suit), mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Police caps and hats (except protective head gear), mens, cut and sew apparel co
Police uniforms, mens, cut and sew apparel contractors
Polo shirts, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Ponchos and similar waterproof raincoats, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel co
Prayer shawls, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Professional service apparel, washable, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel cont
Raincoats water resistant, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Raincoats, waterproof, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Raincoats, water-repellent, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Riding clothes, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Robes, lounging, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Scarves, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Service apparel, washable, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sewing fabric owned by others for mens and boys apparel
Shirts, outerwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Shirts, underwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Shorts, outerwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Shorts, underwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Ski pants, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Ski suits, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Slacks, jean-cut casual, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Slacks, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Snowsuits, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sport coats, fur, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sport coats, leather (including artificial and tailored), mens and boys, cut an
Sport coats, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sport shirts, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sports clothing, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Stitching, decorative and novelty, contractors on mens and boys apparel
Suit trimmings, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Suits (i.e., nontailored, tailored, work), mens and boys, cut and sew apparel c
Suspenders, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sweat bands, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sweat pants, mens, boys, and unisex, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sweat suits, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sweater jackets, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sweater vests, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sweaters, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Sweatshirts, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Swimsuits, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Tailored dress and sport coats, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Tank tops, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Team athletic uniforms, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Tennis shirts, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Theatrical costumes, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Ties, mens and boys hand sewn, cut and sew apparel contractors
Topcoats, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Trimmings, fur, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Trousers, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
T-shirts, outerwear, mens, boys and unisex, cut and sew apparel contractors
T-shirts, underwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Tuxedos, cut and sew apparel contractors
Underwear shirts, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Underwear shorts, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Underwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Uniform hats and caps, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Uniform shirts, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Uniforms, band, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Uniforms, dress (e.g., fire fighter, military, police), mens, cut and sew appare
Uniforms, nontailored, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Uniforms, team athletic, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Union suits, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Vestments, academic and clerical, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractor
Vests, leather, fur, or sheep-lined, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contrac
Vests, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Warmup suits, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Washable service apparel (e.g., barbers, hospital, professional), mens and boys
Water resistant apparel, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Waterproof outerwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Water-repellent outerwear, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Windbreakers, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Work coats and jackets, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Work gloves, leather, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Work pants, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors
Work shirts, mens and boys, cut and sew apparel contractors.

Step 2. SHOW LESS READ MORE >

1 INTRODUCTION 10
1.1 Overview 10
1.2 What is Latent Demand and the P.I.E.? 10
1.3 The Methodology 11
1.3.1 Step 1. Product Definition and Data Collection 12
1.3.2 Step 2. Filtering and Smoothing 22
1.3.3 Step 3. Filling in Missing Values 23
1.3.4 Step 4. Varying Parameter, Non-linear Estimation 23
1.3.5 Step 5. Fixed-Parameter Linear Estimation 23
1.3.6 Step 6. Aggregation and Benchmarking 24
1.3.7 Step 7. Latent Demand Density: Allocating Across Cities 24
2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 25
2.1 The Worldwide Market Potential 25
3 AFRICA 27
3.1 Executive Summary 27
3.2 Algeria 28
3.3 Angola 29
3.4 Benin 30
3.5 Botswana 30
3.6 Burkina Faso 31
3.7 Burundi 32
3.8 Cameroon 32
3.9 Cape Verde 33
3.10 Central African Republic 34
3.11 Chad 34
3.12 Comoros 35
3.13 Congo (formerly Zaire) 36
3.14 Cote dIvoire 37
3.15 Djibouti 37
3.16 Egypt 38
3.17 Equatorial Guinea 39
3.18 Ethiopia 39
3.19 Gabon 40
3.20 Ghana 41
3.21 Guinea 41
3.22 Guinea-Bissau 42
3.23 Kenya 43
3.24 Lesotho 44
3.25 Liberia 44
3.26 Libya 45
3.27 Madagascar 46
3.28 Malawi 46
3.29 Mali 47
3.30 Mauritania 48
3.31 Mauritius 48
3.32 Morocco 49
3.33 Mozambique 50
3.34 Namibia 50
3.35 Niger 51
3.36 Nigeria 52
3.37 Republic of Congo 53
3.38 Reunion 53
3.39 Rwanda 54
3.40 Sao Tome E Principe 55
3.41 Senegal 55
3.42 Sierra Leone 56
3.43 Somalia 57
3.44 South Africa 57
3.45 Sudan 58
3.46 Swaziland 59
3.47 Tanzania 59
3.48 The Gambia 60
3.49 Togo 61
3.50 Tunisia 61
3.51 Uganda 62
3.52 Western Sahara 63
3.53 Zambia 63
3.54 Zimbabwe 64
4 ASIA 66
4.1 Executive Summary 66
4.2 Bangladesh 67
4.3 Bhutan 68
4.4 Brunei 69
4.5 Burma 69
4.6 Cambodia 70
4.7 China 71
4.8 Hong Kong 72
4.9 India 72
4.10 Indonesia 73
4.11 Japan 74
4.12 Laos 75
4.13 Macau 76
4.14 Malaysia 77
4.15 Maldives 78
4.16 Mongolia 78
4.17 Nepal 79
4.18 North Korea 80
4.19 Papua New Guinea 81
4.20 Philippines 81
4.21 Seychelles 82
4.22 Singapore 83
4.23 South Korea 83
4.24 Sri Lanka 84
4.25 Taiwan 85
4.26 Thailand 86
4.27 Vietnam 86
5 EUROPE 88
5.1 Executive Summary 88
5.2 Albania 89
5.3 Andorra 90
5.4 Austria 91
5.5 Belarus 92
5.6 Belgium 93
5.7 Bosnia and Herzegovina 94
5.8 Bulgaria 94
5.9 Croatia 95
5.10 Cyprus 96
5.11 Czech Republic 96
5.12 Denmark 97
5.13 Estonia 98
5.14 Finland 99
5.15 France 100
5.16 Georgia 101
5.17 Germany 101
5.18 Greece 102
5.19 Hungary 103
5.20 Iceland 104
5.21 Ireland 104
5.22 Italy 105
5.23 Kazakhstan 106
5.24 Latvia 107
5.25 Liechtenstein 107
5.26 Lithuania 108
5.27 Luxembourg 109
5.28 Malta 109
5.29 Moldova 110
5.30 Monaco 111
5.31 Norway 111
5.32 Poland 112
5.33 Portugal 113
5.34 Romania 113
5.35 Russia 114
5.36 San Marino 115
5.37 Slovakia 116
5.38 Slovenia 116
5.39 Spain 117
5.40 Sweden 118
5.41 Switzerland 119
5.42 The Netherlands 120
5.43 The United Kingdom 121
5.44 Ukraine 122
6 OCEANA 124
6.1 Executive Summary 124
6.2 American Samoa 125
6.3 Australia 126
6.4 Christmas Island 127
6.5 Cook Islands 127
6.6 Fiji 128
6.7 French Polynesia 129
6.8 Guam 129
6.9 Kiribati 130
6.10 Marshall Islands 131
6.11 Micronesia Federation 131
6.12 Nauru 132
6.13 New Caledonia 133
6.14 New Zealand 133
6.15 Niue 134
6.16 Norfolk Island 135
6.17 Palau 135
6.18 Solomon Islands 136
6.19 The Northern Mariana Island 137
6.20 Tokelau 137
6.21 Tonga 138
6.22 Tuvalu 138
6.23 Vanuatu 139
6.24 Wallis and Futuna 140
6.25 Western Samoa 140
7 THE AMERICAS 142
7.1 Executive Summary 142
7.2 Antigua and Barbuda 143
7.3 Argentina 144
7.4 Aruba 145
7.5 Barbados 145
7.6 Belize 146
7.7 Bermuda 147
7.8 Bolivia 147
7.9 Brazil 148
7.10 Canada 149
7.11 Chile 150
7.12 Colombia 151
7.13 Costa Rica 152
7.14 Cuba 153
7.15 Dominica 154
7.16 Dominican Republic 154
7.17 Ecuador 155
7.18 El Salvador 156
7.19 French Guiana 156
7.20 Greenland 157
7.21 Grenada 158
7.22 Guadeloupe 158
7.23 Guatemala 159
7.24 Guyana 160
7.25 Haiti 160
7.26 Honduras 161
7.27 Jamaica 162
7.28 Martinique 162
7.29 Mexico 163
7.30 Nicaragua 164
7.31 Panama 165
7.32 Paraguay 166
7.33 Peru 167
7.34 Puerto Rico 168
7.35 St. Kitts and Nevis 169
7.36 St. Lucia 169
7.37 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 170
7.38 Suriname 171
7.39 The Bahamas 171
7.40 The British Virgin Islands 172
7.41 The Cayman Islands 173
7.42 The Falkland Islands 173
7.43 The Netherlands Antilles 174
7.44 The U.S. Virgin Islands 175
7.45 The United States 175
7.46 Trinidad and Tobago 176
7.47 Uruguay 177
7.48 Venezuela 178
8 THE MIDDLE EAST 179
8.1 Executive Summary 179
8.2 Afghanistan 180
8.3 Armenia 181
8.4 Azerbaijan 182
8.5 Bahrain 182
8.6 Iran 183
8.7 Iraq 184
8.8 Israel 185
8.9 Jordan 185
8.10 Kuwait 186
8.11 Kyrgyzstan 187
8.12 Lebanon 187
8.13 Oman 188
8.14 Pakistan 189
8.15 Palestine 190
8.16 Qatar 190
8.17 Saudi Arabia 191
8.18 Syrian Arab Republic 192
8.19 Tajikistan 193
8.20 The United Arab Emirates 193
8.21 Turkey 194
8.22 Turkmenistan 195
8.23 Uzbekistan 195
8.24 Yemen 196
9 DISCLAIMERS, WARRANTEES, AND USER AGREEMENT PROVISIONS 198
9.1 Disclaimers & Safe Harbor 198
9.2 ICON Group International, Inc. User Agreement Provisions 199