Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and development: Diesel Engines (Volume 2)
Woodhead Publishing Ltd, December 2009, Pages: 756
Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and development: Diesel Engines (Volume 2)
- investigates how HSDI and DI engines can meet ever more stringent emission legislation
- examines technologies for both light-duty and heavy-duty diesel engines
- discusses exhaust emission control strategies, combustion diagnostics and modelling
Volume 2 of the two-volume set Advanced direct injection combustion engine technologies and development investigates diesel DI combustion engines, which despite their commercial success are facing ever more stringent emission legislation worldwide. Direct injection diesel engines are generally more efficient and cleaner than indirect injection engines and as fuel prices continue to rise DI engines are expected to gain in popularity for automotive applications.
Two exclusive sections examine light-duty and heavy-duty diesel engines. Fuel injection systems and after treatment systems for DI diesel engines are discussed. The final section addresses exhaust emission control strategies, including combustion diagnostics and modelling, drawing on reputable diesel combustion system research and development.
PART 1 LIGHT-DUTY DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINES
Overview of high-speed direct injection diesel engines
R W Horrocks, Ford Motor Company Limited, UK
Background. Early development of the high-speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine. Recent trends in high-speed direct injection diesel engine design. A survey of some of today's engines. Future trends. Sources of further information and advice. References.
Fuel injection systems for high-speed direct injection diesel engines
R W Horrocks, R Lawther and L Hatfield, Ford Motor Company Limited, UK
Introduction. Early high-speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel fuel systems. Common rail fuel injection systems. Common rail systems. Nozzle technology. High pressure (HP) pump technology. Diesel fuel injection equipment heat rejection. Electronic control of fuel systems. Future trends. References.
Mixture formation, combustion and pollutant emissions in high-speed direct injection diesel engines
A Velji, M Lüft and S Merkel, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Germany
Mixture preparation. Combustion. Pollutant emissions. Future trends. References.
Multiple injection diesel combustion process in the high-speed direct injection diesel engine by optical diagnostics
B M Vaglieco, Istituto Motori-CNR, Italy
Introduction. Double injection or pilot + main. Multiple injection technology. Other diesel combustion technologies. Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References.
Turbocharging and air-path management for light-duty diesel engines
K Tufail, Ford Motor Company Limited, UK
Introduction: air-path challenges and acceptance criteria. Air-path technologies: part 1: exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Air-path technologies: part 2: boosting systems. Air-path management. Future trends. Acknowledgements. References. Appendix: Acronyms.
Advanced concepts for future light-duty diesel engines
I Denbratt, Chalmers University, Sweden
Introduction. Legislative exhaust emission standards. Current developments. Low emissions concepts. Combustion systems. Fuel injection. Charge induction. Combustion chamber shape. Exhaust gas after-treatment. Heat recovery. Engine control. Future fuels. References.
Advanced control and engine management for future light-duty diesel engines
L Guzzella, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Switzerland
Main control objectives. Standard control loops. System modelling. Advanced control systems. References.
PART 2 HEAVY-DUTY DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINES
Overview of heavy-duty diesel engines
Z Liu, Navistar, Inc., USA
Introduction. A survey of current heavy-duty diesel engines. Approaches to meet future emission legislation and CO2 target. Summary. References.
Fuel injection systems for heavy-duty diesel engines
P J G Dingle, Delphi Diesel Systems, USA
Introduction. History of heavy-duty fuel injection equipment (FIE). Current choices of fuel injection equipment (FIE). Detailed fuel injection equipment (FIE) descriptions. Nozzle developments. Synergies with light-duty fuel injection equipment (FIE). Future trends. References.
Turbocharging technologies for heavy-duty diesel engines
J Carter, N K Sharp and H Tennant, Cummins Turbo Technologies, UK
Scope. Turbocharger technology state of the art. Engine performance requirements and operating characteristics. Turbocharger architectures and aerodynamic design considerations. Durability. Actuation. Future trends. Sources of further information and advice. References.
Alternative combustion system for heavy-duty diesel engines
W Su, Tianjin University, China
Introduction. Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion organized by early direct injection. Lean diffusion combustion. Summary. References.
Heavy-duty diesel engine system design
Q Xin, Navistar, Inc., USA
Overview of analytical engine design process and system simulation approach. Fundamentals of in-cylinder cycle computation and air system steady-state performance. Engine-vehicle matching analysis for powertrain system design in engine firing and braking. Emissions calibration optimization development and engine performance design target. Diesel aftertreatment integration and matching. Engine heat rejection and base engine characteristics. Pumping loss theory and the principle of engine air system design. Transient powertrain performance modeling and engine electronic controls. Engine system specification design and subsystem interaction optimization. Analytical design of mechanical components for system performance improvement. Future trends. References.
PART 3 EXHAUST EMISSION ABATEMENT, DIESEL COMBUSTION DIAGNOSTICS AND MODELLING
Fuel reforming for diesel engines
A Megaritis, Brunel University, A Tsolakis and M L Wyszynski, University of Birmingham and S E Golunski, Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, UK
Why fuel reforming in diesel engines? Diesel fuel reforming theory. Diesel fuel reforming process parameters and catalyst screening. Diesel fuel reforming applications: trends. Summary. References.
Exhaust gas after treatment for light-duty diesel engines
P Eastwood, Ford Motor Company Limited, UK
Introduction. Emissions legislation. Oxidation catalysts. Particulate filters. Selective catalytic reduction. Lean Nox traps (LNT). Integrated systems. Summary. Future trends. Acronyms. References. Appendix: Acronyms
Overview of diesel emissions and control for heavy-duty diesel engines
T Johnson, Corning Incorporated, USA
Introduction. Heavy-duty regulatory developments. NOx control technologies. Particulate matter (PM) control technologies. Integrated NOx/PM systems. Future trends. Sources of further information and advice. References.
Optical diagnostics in diesel combustion engines
C Schulz, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Introduction. Liquid spray diagnostics. Vapor-phase fuel distribution. Two-phase flows. Ignition and combustion. Pollutant measurements. Soot volume fraction laser-induced incandescence (LII). Temperature. Future trends. Conclusions. References.
In-cylinder spray, mixing, combustion, and pollutant-formation processes in conventional and low-temperature-combustion diesel engines
M P B Musculus and L M Pickett , Sandia National Laboratories, USA
Introduction. Conventional diesel combustion. Positive ignition-dwell low-temperature diesel combustion. Quasi-steady low-temperature diesel combustion. Closing remarks on low-temperature combustion (LTC) diesel research needs. References.
Advanced computational fluid dynamics modelling of direct injection engines
R D Reitz, University of Wisconsin-Madison and Y Sun, General Motors Corporation, USA
Introduction. Basic approach. Turbulence modeling. Spray modeling. Combustion modeling. Emission modeling. Other models. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes for engine simulations. Application of engine computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Future trends. References.
Professor Hua Zhao leads a large research group on IC engines and their fuels at Brunel University West London. He has over 20 years’ research experience in combustion engines and combustion flows. His research covers both gasoline and diesel engines and their fuels, with particular emphasis on advanced combustion processes and engine cycles. He has published over 150 papers and authored a comprehensive book on engine combustion instrumentation and diagnostics.
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