Global Waste Management Market Report 2004

This report provides an analysis of the Global Waste Management Market. Information provided icludes:

- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Waste Disposal Technology
- Waste Statistics
- Policy, Legislation and Market Structure
- Major Players
- Market Size
- The Future

Executive Summary

1. Introduction

BACKGROUND
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
COST OF WASTE DISPOSAL
WASTE DISPOSAL OPTIONS
Waste Reduction
Reuse
Recycling
Composting
Energy Recovery
Land Spreading of Waste
Landfill
Incineration Without
Energy Recovery
GROWTH IN WASTE
GENERATION

2. Waste Disposal Technology

INTRODUCTION
WASTE RECYCLING
COMPOSTING
ENERGY FROM WASTE
LANDFILL
INCINERATION
PYROLYSIS
INCINERATION WITHOUT
ENERGY RECOVERY
OPEN DUMPING

3. Waste Statistics

INTRODUCTION
THE EU
Major Waste Streams
Total Waste
Table 1: Total Waste Generation in Selected EU Countries (000 tonnes), Latest Available Data
Mining/Quarrying
Table 2: Mining/Quarrying Waste Generation in Selected EU Countries (000 tonnes and %), Latest Available Data
Construction/Demolition
Table 3: Construction/Demolition Waste in Selected EU Countries (000 tonnes and %), Latest Available Data
Manufacturing Waste
Table 4: Manufacturing Waste in Selected EU Countries (000 tonnes and %), Latest Available Data
Packaging Waste
Table 5: Packaging Waste as a Percentage of Total Waste in Selected EU Countries, Latest Available Data
Table 6: Packaging Waste for
Paper, Plastics, Glass and Metals in Selected EU Countries (000 tonnes), Latest Available Data
Non-Municipal Waste
Municipal Waste
Table 7: Municipal Waste as a Percentage of Total Waste in Selected EU Countries, Latest Available Data
Table 8: Municipal Waste Growth in the EU (000 tonnes), 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000
Table 9: Municipal Waste Growth in the EU (000 tonnes and %), 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000
Table 10: Municipal Waste Per Capita for Selected EU Countries (kilograms per capita), 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000
Table 11: Municipal Waste Growth in the EU (kilograms per capita), 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000
Composition of Municipal Waste
Table 12: Composition of Municipal Waste in Selected EU Countries (%), 2000
Disposal of Municipal Waste
Table 13: Disposal of Municipal Waste (000 tonnes), Latest Available Data
Hazardous Waste
CENTRAL AND EASTERN
EUROPE
Table 14: Waste Generation in Central and Eastern Europe by Type by Country (million tonnes and million), 1998
Table 15: Municipal Waste Disposal Routes in Central and Eastern Europe (%), 1999
NORTH AMERICA
Principal Waste Streams
Non-Municipal Waste
Table 16: Waste Generation in North America by Selected Waste Streams (000 tonnes), 1999
Municipal Waste
Table 17: Municipal Waste in North America (000 tonnes), 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000
Table 18: Municipal Waste Derived from Households in North America (000 tonnes), 1990, 1995 and 2000
Table 19: Municipal Waste in North America (kilograms per capita), 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000
Table 20: The Composition of Municipal Waste in North America (%), 1995 and 2000
Table 21: Disposal of Municipal Waste in North America by Method (000 tonnes), 1998 and 1999
Hazardous Waste
ASIA PACIFIC
Principal Waste Streams
Table 22: Total Waste Data for Japan, Korea and New Zealand (000 tonnes), 1999 and 2000
Table 23: Waste Generation in Japan, Korea and New Zealand by Selected Waste Streams (000 tonnes), 1999 and 2000
Table 24: Municipal Waste Data for Japan, Korea and Australia (000 tonnes), 1980-2000
Table 25: Waste Data for Asia Pacific Countries (kilograms per capita), 1980-2000
Table 26: Composition of Municipal Waste in Japan and Korea (%), 2000
Table 27: Disposal of Municipal Waste in Japan, Korea and New Zealand (000 tonnes), 1999
China
SOUTH AMERICA
Brazil
Uruguay
Argentina
AFRICA

4. Policy, Legislation and Market Structure

INTRODUCTION
INTERNATIONAL POLICY AND LEGISLATION
THE EU
Waste Directive 75/42/EEC
(amended 91/156/EEC) and
Hazardous Waste 91/689/EEC (amended by 94/31/EC)
New Incineration Plant Directive 89/369/EEC and Existing Waste Incineration Plant Directive 89/ 429/EEC
Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC and 97/138/EC
Integrated Pollution, Prevention
and Control Directive 96/61/EC
Strategy for Waste Management Com (96) 399
Landfill Directive 99/31/EC
Incineration of Waste Directive 76/2000/EC of December 2000
Sixth Environmental Action Programme (6th EAP)/COM (2001) 31 Final 24/01/01
EASTERN EUROPE
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
THE US
ASIA PACIFIC
Asia Pacific High-Income Countries
Japan
Asia Pacific Medium-Income Countries
Asia Pacific Low-Income Countries
China
India
AFRICA
Republic of South Africa
Policy and Legislation
Rest of Africa
SOUTH AMERICA
Brazil
Argentina

5. Major Players

INTRODUCTION
Municipality Companies
Specialist Waste Management Companies
Waste Management Activities of Utilities and Multi-Utilities
COMPANY PROFILES
Allied Waste Industries Inc
ASA Abfall Service AG
Holding AVR Bedrijven
Biffa Waste Services Ltd
Cleanaway Holdings Ltd
Compania Espanola de Servicios Publicos Auxiliares SA
Constructions Industrielles de la M?terranée
Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas
Indaver NV
Lassila & Tikanoja PLC
Onyx
Ragn-Sells AB
Republic Services Inc
Rethmann Enstorgungs AG & Co
RWE Umwelt
Safety-Kleen Corporation
Saubermacher International
Saur SA
Shanks Group PLC
SITA
Urbaser SA
Waste Management Inc

6. Market Size

INTRODUCTION
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHICS
Population
Table 28: World Population by Country - Countries With a Population Greater than 10 Million, 2003
Gross Domestic Product
Table 29: World Gross Domestic Product by Selected Country ($m), 2002
Gross Domestic Product per Capita
Table 30: Gross Domestic Product per Capita for Selected Countries ($), 2002
Gross Domestic Product Combined with Population
Table 31: Gross Domestic Product per Capita for the Most Populated Countries ($), 2002 and 2003
Table 32: Leading Countries by Population and Gross Domestic Product per Capita ($), 2002 and 2003
MARKET VOLUME
Table 33: Estimated Municipal
Waste per Capita for Selected Countries ($ and kilograms per capita per annum), 2004
High-Income Countries
Table 34: Estimated Municipal
Waste Generation for High-Income Countries ($ and kilograms per capita per annum), 2004
Table 35: Population of Major
High-Income Countries (million), 2003
Medium-Income Countries
Table 36: Estimated Municipal Waste Generation for Medium-Income Countries ($ and kilograms per capita per annum), 2004
Table 37: Population of Major Medium-Income Countries (million), 2003
Low-Income Countries
Table 38: Estimated Municipal
Waste Generation for Low-Income Countries ($ and kilograms per capita per annum), 2004
Table 39: Population of Major Low-Income Countries (million), 2003
MARKET SIZE
Table 40: Estimated World
Generation of Municipal Solid
Waste (million tonnes), 2004

7. The Future

INTRODUCTION
Reactive Approach to Waste Management
Waste Statistics and Definitions
Environmental Damage
Environmental Context
Health and Safety
Lack of Clear Waste Management Strategies
Enforceable Legislation
Illegal Dumping
Transportation of Waste
Recycling
Markets for Recycled Products
Incineration/Energy from Waste
Employment
Economic Measures
Commercialisation of Waste Management
Current and Future Emphasis in Waste Management
Table 41: Waste Hierarchy - Global Current Effort versus Long-Term Benefit, 2003
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS BY REGION
Europe
Waste Reduction
Reuse
Recycling
Incineration with Energy
Recovery
Landfill
North America
Table 42: Municipal Solid Waste Growth in the US (%), 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000
Asia Pacific
Japan
Australia
New Zealand
China
India
Bangladesh, Nepal and Vietnam
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Sri Lanka and Thailand
South America
Africa
FORECASTS
Table 43: Population, Gross
Domestic Product per Capita and Gross Domestic Product Growth of the Most Populated Countries ($ and %), 2002
Table 44: Growth in World
Municipal Solid Waste (million tonnes), 2004-2008
Further Sources
Publications
Other Sources

This report analyses the global waste management market and mainly focuses on the generation of municipal waste.We estimate that, in 2004, the total amount of municipal waste generated will be 1.84 billion tonnes, an increase of around 7% on 2003.

The global market for waste management is sustained by the municipal waste output of the world's wealthiest nations, although it is also being fuelled by developing countries as they become wealthier and adopt many of the characteristics of well-developed countries.

Waste is generated from many waste streams, notably manufacturing, construction/demolition, mining, quarrying and municipal waste. However, this report focuses on municipal waste because of its widespread significance in terms of generation, collection and disposal. In general, industrial waste streams produce more waste (in terms of tonnage) than municipal waste, although they affect relatively small and specific sectors of society. In contrast, municipal waste relates to almost the entire world's population.

Waste management is a vital issue, particularly in relation to the environment. In addition to the pollution of the ground and water courses, gaseous emissions from waste disposal routes contribute to global warming. The costs associated with waste disposal can also be significant, particularly in densely-populated countries.

This report discusses waste management options in terms of the waste hierarchy, which prioritises options in descending order of preference. The hierarchy consists of waste elimination/disposal through waste reduction at source (which is the preferred method), reuse, recycling, composting, energy recovery, land spreading, landfill and incineration without energy recovery. In addition, major waste treatment technologies — including recycling/reprocessing, landfill (which includes gas recovery), incineration using combined heat and power (CHP) plants for energy recovery, pyrolysis
(to produce fuels) and composting — are covered. Waste disposal routes vary according to region and developed countries are beginning to increase their use of recycling. In densely-populated countries, landfill is being discouraged through the introduction of financial penalties, although for some countries, incineration is widely used as a means of reducing the amount of waste sent to landfill. Incineration often gives rise to significant opposition from local and environmental lobby groups that are concerned with the health and safety issues relating to stack emissions from incinerators. In a number of the world's less-developed economies, open dumping with little or no treatment or control is widely practised.

The report provides a compilation of waste statistics for a wide range of countries. In the waste management market, available data are often old, incomplete and lack harmony in terms of definition. Although efforts are being made in more-developed economies to produce up-to-date data, for the majority of the world's population waste data are very poorly reported.

However, in this report, we present a broad global coverage of available information to provide an overall view of municipal data by tonnage, generation per capita per annum (p.a.) and disposal route. For some industrialised countries, Our analysis provides statistics on other waste streams in addition to municipal data.

Waste management policy, legislation and market structure are discussed for the EU, Eastern Europe, the US, Asia Pacific, Africa and South America. Although legislation of various types is a widely accepted method of controlling waste generation and disposal methods, there might not be adequate resources to implement the legislation in certain regions and there is a trade, some of it illegal, in transporting waste from one country to another for disposal. Traditionally, municipalities have been responsible for municipal waste collection and disposal although, increasingly, commercial companies are being used for waste management tasks. In some countries, commercial companies work with municipal organisations, whereas in others, municipalities themselves have formed companies for waste management work. In order to provide an insight into the commercial sector, profiles of selected major waste management companies are provided.

In order to investigate the global waste management market in terms of size, we have developed a model for compiling an estimate of the amount of municipal waste produced globally, which is based on a study of population, gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita and an estimate of waste produced in kilograms (kg) per capita p.a. In order to analyse the data, the world market is divided into three groups: high-income countries,
medium-income countries and low-income countries.

We estimate that, between 2004 and 2008, global generation of municipal waste will rise by 31.1%. In the future, trends in global waste management depend on each major country and its state of development. In the EU, there is a wide range of legislation and programmes that are designed to dispose of waste in a more environmentally acceptable manner. Eastern European countries, especially those that are preparing to join the EU, are falling in line with the goals of EU policy. The US also has legislation and targets for waste management. For the majority of countries, waste generation continues to grow and even in developed economies where comprehensive strategies have been developed, the amount of waste generated rises with GDP. The regions facing the greatest waste management challenge are developing economies that have high GDP growth rates and industrial facilities that now produce a number of the world's goods.