Research Report of Chinese Development Zone Industry, 2009

China Research & Intelligence, May 2009, Pages: 60

According to the different levels, the development zones in China can be divided into the state, provincial and county level development zones. According to the different positioning and functions, the development zones can be divided into the economic-technological development area, hi-tech industrial development area, and export processing zones, tariff-free zones and the border economic cooperative zones. In China, there are 1,568 various development zones above the provincial level, including 223 state-level development zones and 1,345 provincial-level development zones.

The economic-technological development zones, the constitution of the open areas in China, refer to a small part area in the open cities, where are engaged in constructing perfect infrastructure and setting up the investment environment conforming to the international level through attracting foreign funds, forming the modern industrial structure majored in the hi-tech industries and becoming the major areas for developing the foreign trade of the cities and its nearby regions. In the early times, the economic-technological development zones highlighted the three mains, namely, majoring in introducing the foreign capitals, setting up the industrial projects and processing export products. After several-year development, the present positioning, targets and investment subjects have been diversity and no longer restrained from attracting the foreign funds.

The regional different quantities of the development zones directly correspond to the space distributions of the development zones. China has not balanced in the general distributions of the development zones, where has large gap between the coastal and inland areas as well as among the different provinces. Over 70% various level development zones are concentrated in the national 30% areas as well as over 60% state-level development zones in less than 20% of national areas and 65% provincial-level development zones in about 15% of national areas.

It can be seen from the distribution characteristics of the development zones that China has six large urban-intensive areas, including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Zhujiang Delta, Shandong peninsula, west coast of the Taiwan Strait, the middle and south Liaoning, where are also the most intensive areas of the development zones.

From 1984 to 1988, 14 state-level economic-technological development zones passed through the approval by the State Council of PRC and were set up in succession. From 1984 to 2002, the State Council totally approved and set up 49 stale-level economic-technological development zones and 5 industrial gardens, which shared the policies for the state-level economic-technological development zones, in which 37 were approved before 2000 and lied in the east regions and 17 were newly approved after 2000 and centered on the central and western regions.

The various development zones play huge driving forces in the development of national economy. From the aspect of the state-level economic-technological development zones, 49 state-level development zones and 5 industrial gardens sharing the policies for the state level development zones had totally finished 1.5313 trillion Yuan of the regional GDP, 1.0972 trillion Yuan of the industrial added values (the industrial added values accounting for 71.65% of the GDP), 248.1 billion Yuan of tax revenues, 205.1 billion USD of the total export amounts, 180.4 billion USD of the import amounts and 19.5 billion USD of actual uses of the foreign funds in 2008, rising by 20.61%, 19.26%, 19.54%, 21.81%, 15.17%, 18.08% and 12.8% respectively over the same period of last year and the growth rate of the total regional output values were 11.61 percentage points higher than the national growth rate of the same period.

Affected by the international financial crisis, the economic development speed of the state-level development zones fell in the latter two quarters in 2008 in China, which was obvious in the fourth quarter of 2008. As a whole, the growth rate of the industrial added values, the total output values, revenues from the taxes, total export amounts, total import amounts and the actual use amounts of the foreign funds of the state-level development zones was declined in different degree in 2008 compared with those in the third quarter of 2008 and the same period of 2007, in which the total export amounts were 6.7 and 4.15 percentage points lower than those in the third quarter of 2008 and the same period of 2007, the growth rate of the actual use amounts of the foreign funds were reduced by 4.24 and 4.9 percentage points compared with those in the third quarter of 2008 and the same period of 2007. From the aspect of regions, the degree of the economic decline was more obvious in the eastern state-level development zones than that in the central and western state-level development zones, where showed the negative growth in some minority regions. The state-level development zones in the central and western regions were less affected by the international financial crisis.

The purposes of establishing the hi-tech industrial development zones are to create a favorable environment for the hi-tech industries through implementing various preferential policies and perfect service systems related to the high technologies, such as tax relief, and create the advantages of the intensive industries, attract and gather talent, technology and capital industrialization environments and speed up the industrializations of the hi-tech achievements.

Since the implementation of the Torch Plans from 1988, the hi-tech industrial development zones had made huge progress at fast speed in China and made great contributions to the industrialization development of Chinese hi-tech industry. At present, there are totally 53 hi-tech industrial development zones set up by Chinese government.

The tariff-free zones are the areas to develop the international trade and bonded businesses approved by the State Council of PRC, similar to the free trade zones in the global, allowing for the foreign dealers to invest and operate the international trade and develop the bonded warehouse service and export processing business etc within the tariff-free zones. At present, 15 tariff-free zones have been in operation, becoming the new connection of Chinese economy and the global economy. On 27th April 2000, Chinese government officially approved and set up the export processing zones monitored by the customers with the purposes of propelling the development of the processing trade in China and encouraging the expansion of the foreign exports. In order to facilitate the operation, Chinese government established the export processing zones in the completed development zones and chose many pilot places. There were 15 export processing zones for the first batch of pilot.

The border economic cooperative zones and the tourist resorts belong to the scope of the development zones and share some similarities. First, from the aspect of the development scales and important positions in the economy, the border economic cooperative zones and the tourist resorts are inferior to the above mentioned development zones. Besides, they have high requirements on the location factor. Most border economic cooperative zones are located in the border areas of China, where are convenient to development businesses with foreign countries.

The border economic cooperative zones are the areas where to develop the border trade and export processing trade along the border open cities in China. The open-up along the borders is an important wing for the central and western regions in China. Since 1992, China had had 14 border economic cooperative zones approved by the State Council. In 2008, these 14 border economic cooperative zones realized the 20.5 billion Yuan of total regional output values, 8.2 billion Yuan of industrial added values, 25.7 billion Yuan of total industrial output values, 3.8 billion Yuan of revenues from taxes, 5.9 billion Yuan of exports, 3.6 billion Yuan of imports and 170 million USD of actual use amounts of the foreign funds, up by 31%, 47%, 51%, 16%, 24%, 7% and 104% respectively over the previous year.

More following information can be obtained in this report:
- Definition and Categories of the Development Zones in China
- Present Development Situations of Different Variety Development Zones in China
- Factors affecting the Development of Development Zones in China
- Introductions to Partial Major Development Zones in China
- Introductions to the Policies for Various Variety Development Zones in China
- Prediction on the Development Trends of the Development Zones in China

1 Overview on Chinese Development Zones
1.1 Development History of Chinese Development Zones
1.1.1 Establishment and Probe Phases
1.1.2 Fast Development Phases
1.1.3 Stable Development Phase
1.2 Overview on Chinese Development Zones
1.2.1 Quantities
1.2.2 Grades and Categories
1.2.3 Distributions and Regional Differences
1.2.4 Relationships between the Distributions of the Development Zones and Regional Pattern in China
1.3 Characteristics of Chinese Economic Development Zones
1.3.1 Major Carrier of the Space Structures in the Cities
1.3.2 Major Space for the Regional Economic Growth
1.3.3 Intensive Areas for the Foreign Investments
1.3.4 Relatively High Levels of the Industrial Structure
1.3.5 Obvious in the Driving Forces of the Large and Medium Enterprises
1.3.6 Obvious in the Regional Development Differences
1.4 Fundamental Elements for the Success of the Economic Development Zones
1.4.1 Advantage in the Geography
1.4.2 Perfect in the Infrastructure
1.4.3 Sound in the Legal Systems and Steady Social Environment
1.4.4 Preferential Policies
1.4.5 Comparatively Fewer Government Intervenes

2 Policies and Institutions for the Development Zones in China
2.1 Overview on the Preferential Policies for the Development Zones in China
2.1.1 Major Preferential Policies for the Economic and Technological Zones
2.1.2 Major Preferential Policies for the Hi-tech Development Zones
2.1.3 Major Preferential Policies for Tariff-free Zones
2.2 Policies for Classification of Chinas Development Zones Subject to Limitation
2.2.1 Fundamental Principles
2.2.2 Major Contents
2.2.3 Implementation Securities
2.3 Related Policies of Chinese Major Development Areas
2.3.1 Characteristics
2.3.2 Policy Guidance
2.4 Influences of Unifications of Two Taxes on the Development Zones
2.4.1 Corporate Income Tax Systems before the Unification in China
2.4.2 Specific Circumstances of the Unifications of Two Taxes
2.4.3 Influences of Unifications of Two Taxes on Chinese Funded Enterprises
2.4.4 Influences of Unifications of Two Taxes on Foreign Funded Enterprises and Foreign Investments
2.5 Management Systems for the Development Zones
2.5.1 Models of the Management Systems in the Development Zones
2.5.2 Innovation Trends of the Management Systems for the Development Zones

3 Investment Situations in the Development Zones
3 Marketing Strategies for Attracting Investments in the Development Zones
3.1.1 Marketing Environments
3.1.2 Marketing and Positioning Strategies
3.1.3 Marketing Mix Strategies
3.2 Investment Situations in the Development Zones of Central China
3.2.1 Reasons for the Foreign Investors to Invest in the Economic Development Zones in the Central Part of china
3.2.2 Reasons for the Foreign Investors to Invest in the High-tech Development Zones in the Central Part of china
3.3 Present Situation for Attracting Investments in the State Grade Economic and Technological Development Zones
3.3.1 Quantities
3.3.2 Utility and Absorption Situation of the Foreign Capitals
3.3.3 Revenues from the Foreign-related Taxes
3.3.4 Investment Situations of the World Top 500 Enterprises in China
3.3.5 Overview on the Situation for Attracting Investments in the State Grade Economic and Technological Development Zones, 2008

4 Development of Chinese State Grade Economic and Technological Development Zones
4.1 Present Situation of Chinese State Grade Economic and Technological Development Zones
4.1.1 Scales of Chinese State Grade Economic and Technological Development Zones
4.1.2 Distributions of Chinese State Grade Economic and Technological Development Zones
4.2 Positions and Functions of Chinese State Grade Economic and Technological Development Zones
4.2.1 Placing the Forefront Position in the Open-up in China
4.2.2 Having Been the Major Bases of Modern Manufacture
4.2.3 Having Been the Major Bases of Hi-tech Industries
4.3 Development Situation of the State Grade Economic and Technological Development Zones, 2008
4.3.1 Major Economic Indicators
4.3.2 Regional Development Characteristics
4.3.4 Ranks of the Development Zones in Various Regions
4.4 Opportunities and Challenges of Chinese State Grade Economic and Technological Development Zones
4.4.1 External Tendency
4.4.2 Existing Problems
4.4.3 Development Perspectives in the Future

5 Developments of Chinese Hi-tech Development Zones
5.1 Overview on Chinese Hi-tech Development Zones
5.1.1 Development History
5.1.2Categories
5.1.3 Distributions
5.1.4 Characteristics
5.2 Overview on the Development of Chinese State Grade Hi-tech Development Zones, 2006
5.2.1 Innovation Activities
5.2.2 Comprehensive Development Situation
5.2.3 Greneral Economic Development Situation
5.2.4 Development Situations of the Enterprises in the Hi-tech Development Zones
5.2.5 Development of the Hi-tech Industries

6 Developments of Chinese Tariff-free Zones and Export Processing Zones
6.1 Overview on Chinese Tariff-free Zones
6.1.1 Definition
6.1.2 Preferential Policies
6.1.3 Development History and Geographic Distributions
6.2 Overview on Chinese Export Processing Zones
6.2.1 Definition
6.2.2 Related Policies and Regulations
6.2.3 Development and Geographic Distributions
6.3 Comprehensive Development Situations of Chinese Tariff-free Zones and Export Processing Zones
6.3.1 Overview on the Present Development Situation
6.3.2 Perspectives of the Development Trends

7 Development of Chinese Border Economic Cooperative Zones
7.1 Overview on the Border Economic Cooperative Zones
7.2 State-Level Border Economic Cooperative Zone Yining City
7.2.1 Brief Introduction
7.2.2 Development Situation, 2008
7.3 Dandong Border Economic Cooperation Zone
7.3.1 Brief Introduction
7.3.2 Development Situation, 2008
7.3 Manzhouli Border Economic Cooperation Zone
7.3.1 Brief Introduction
7.3.2 Development Situation
7.4 Prediction on the Development of Chinese Border Economic Cooperative Zone

8 Developments of Chinese Tourist Resorts
8.1 Overview on Chinese Tourist Resorts
8.1.1 Concepts and Functions
8.1.2 Development
8.2 Brief Introductions to the State-level Tourist Resorts in China
8.2.1 Yalong Bay National Resort
8.2.2 Wuxi Taihu National Tour Resort
8.2.3 Dalian Golden Pebble Beach Coastal National Geopark
8.2.4 Beihai Yintan National Touring Resort
8.3 Major Problems in Chinese Tourist Resorts
8.3.1 Confusion in the Concepts
8.3.2 Lack of Proof when Choosing the Sites and Weak Development Dependency
8.3.3 Less Prominent in the Individual Features
8.3.4 Obvious in the Seasonable Differences and Serious Imbalances in the Busy and Slack Seasons

9 Developments of Chinese Major Economic and Technological Development Zones
9.1 Beijing Economic-Technical Development Area
9.1.1 Brief Introduction
9.1.2 Overview on the Development, 2008
9.1.3 Leading Industries
9.2 Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area
9.2.1 Brief Introduction
9.2.3 Overview on the Development, 2008
9.3 Dalian Economic-Technological Development Area
9.3.1 Brief Introduction
9.3.2 Overview on the Development, 2008
9.4 Guangzhou Economic-Technological Development Area
9.4.1 Brief Introduction
9.4.2 Overview on the Development, 2008
9.5 Fuzhou Economic-Technological Development Area
9.6 Fuqing Rongqiao Economic-Technological Development Area
9.7 Xiamen Haicang Investment Zone

10 Developments of Chinese Provincial Development Zones
10.1 Overview on the Development Situation of the Development Zones in Jiangsu, 2008
10.1.1 Overview
10.1.2 Major Development Characteristics, 2008
10.2 Overview on the Development Situation of the Development Zones in Shanxi, 2008
10.3 Overview on the Development Situation of the Development Zones in Fujian, 2008

Selected Charts
Chart State-level Economic-Technological Development Areas Approved before 1988 in China
Chart Economic Indicators of the State-level Economic-Technological Development Areas in 1991 in China
Chart Categories and Quantities of the Development Zones in China
Chart Regional Distributions of the State-level Economic-Technological Development Areas in China
Chart Major Economic Indicators the State-level Economic-Technological Development Areas in East Part of China, 2008
Chart Major Economic Indicators the State-level Economic-Technological Development Areas in West Part of China, 2008
Chart Situations of the State-level Hi-tech Industrial Development Zones in China
Chart Distributions of the State-level Hi-tech Industrial Development Zones in China
Chart Name list of the State-level Tariff-free Zones in China
Chart Name List of the State-level Export Processing Zones in China
Chart Total Regional Output Values of the State-level Economic-Technological Development Areas in China, 2004-2008

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