- Emphasizes the physics of speech production in an argument underpinned by mathematical models of linguistic structure.
- Collates the formalisms and perspectives used by linguists and engineers and examines established theories, including the Markov process, the Chomsky hierarchy, the Miller–Nicely experiments and Baum and Baker s experiments.
- Contains strong sections on the current status and evolution of Artificial Intelligence, the problem of consciousness and future prospects for a science of the mind.
- Illustrates all points throughout using detailed real world examples.
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 The physics of speech production
2.2 The source–filter model
2.3 Information–bearing features of the speech signal
2.4 Time–frequency representations
2.5 Classifications of acoustic patterns in speech
2.6 Temporal invariance and stationarity
2.7 Taxonomy of linguistic structure
3 Mathematical models of linguistic structure
3.1 Probabilistic functions of a discrete Markov process
3.2 Formal grammars and abstract automata
4 Syntactic analysis
4.1 Deterministic parsing algorithms
4.2 Probabilistic parsing algorithms
4.3 Parsing natural language
5 Grammatical inference
5.1 Exact inference and Gold′s theorem
5.2 Baum′s algorithm for regular grammars
5.3 Event counting in parse trees
5.4 Baker′s algorithm for context–free grammars
6 Information–theoretic analysis of speech communication
6.1 The Miller et al. experiments
6.2 Entropy of an information source
6.3 Recognition error rates and entropy
7 Automatic speech recognition and constructive theories of language
7.1 Integrated architectures
7.2 Modular architectures
7.3 Parameter estimation from fluent speech
7.4 System performance
7.5 Other speech technologies
8 Automatic speech understanding and semantics
8.1 Transcription and comprehension
8.2 Limited domain semantics
8.3 The semantics of natural language
8.4 System architectures
8.5 Human and machine performance
9 Theories of mind and language
9.1 The challenge of automatic natural language understanding
9.2 Metaphors for mind
9.3 The artificial intelligence program
10 A speculation on the prospects for a science of the mind
10.1 The parable of the thermos bottle: measurements and symbols
10.2 The four questions of science
10.3 A constructive theory of the mind
10.4 The problem of consciousness
10.5 The role of sensorimotor function, associative memory and reinforcement learning in automatic acquisition of spoken language by an autonomous robot
10.6 Final thoughts: predicting the course of discovery
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