This report updates the status of wireline broadband access technologies, their markets, applications, and industries as they relate to 5G development.
Wireline broadband access technologies are playing an important role in today's networks- cable accounts for 60% of the U.S. fixed broadband market; and 55%-65% of local loops are still on copper wire. However, until recently, technical and economic problems with such access did not allow effective use of a broadband pipe from a core to a subscriber side, minimizing the value of broadband communications.
The problems have been known for a long time, but the absence of a cost-effective technology in the distribution plant prevented making any practical improvements. The specifics of access, such as the necessity to create highly distributed infrastructure and the price to support access service always contradicted each other. The situation changed with appearance Passive Optical Networks, their various modifications, and progress in architecting of high-speed DSL, such as vectoring DSL.
The goal of this report is to address current and near-term advances in wireline broadband access networks that are transforming them into broadband pipes with characteristics similar to the characteristics of the core networks.
In particular, the report concentrates on the analysis technologies and markets for the following access architectures:
- Passive Optical Networks - standardized or planning to be standardized by the IEEE and ITU-FSAN. Evolving PONs will allow transmission up to 100 Gb/s (shared).
- New generations DSL - in the development and standardization by the ITU and the industry, including vectoring and G.fast. The technologies may support short reaches connectivity on the existing copper structures with speeds of more than 1 Gb/s (non-shared).
- RFoG - technology that allows efficient use of fiber combined with a short coaxial path to the user, allowing to reach gigabit per second speed and improving the economics of broadband access.
The report shows that the copper infrastructure continues to play an important role in connecting the last hundreds of meters from/to subscriber equipment with the rest of the network. Advanced gigabit speed access technologies, such as DSL (G.fast, VDSL2-vec), are key in creating a homogenous and cost-efficient core-access infrastructure. For example, in 2017, AT&T has begun rolling out G.fast-based services in 22 metro markets across the United States, signaling the service provider’s desire to extend higher speed wireline broadband services in premises where it can’t make a business case for all fiber.
PONs provide cost-efficient connectivity of the core with subscriber’s equipment, supporting required by user's characteristics, such as the speed of transmission and other. Currently, service providers have three major next-generation FSAN PON paths: 10G-PON, XGS-PON, and NG-PON2. Verizon, for example, plans to move directly to NG-PON2.
The IEEE NG-EPON standard 802.3ca, which promises the 100 Gb/s speed, planned to be finalized by 2020.
The report also stresses an important trend in the broadband wireline access: utilization of multi-functional platforms that allow flexibility and cost efficiency to serve a diversified group of users required different technologies.
The standardization processes are analyzed in detail. Marketing statistics have been developed (2020-2024). The report also presents detailed surveys of companies that are working in the related industries and their product portfolios. Attachments contain the survey of recently approved patents related to the report subject.
The report is written for a wide audience of technical, managerial, and sales staff involved in the development of wireline broadband access networks.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Issue
1.2 Changes
1.2.1 Geography
1.2.2 5G Necessity
1.3 PON Appearance
1.4 DSL Developments
1.5 RFoG
1.6 Scope
1.7 Research Methodology
1.8 Target Audience
2. PON: Today and Tomorrow
2.1 Concept
2.1.1 PON Benefits
2.1.2 PON Proposition
2.1.3 Details
2.1.4 PON Classification
2.1.5 PON Elements
2.1.5.1 Optical Line Termination (OLT)
2.1.5.1.1 PON Core Shell
2.1.5.1.2 Cross-connect Shell
2.1.5.1.3 Service Shell
2.1.5.1.4 OLT Responsibilities
2.1.5.1.4.1 Bandwidth Allocation
2.1.5.1.4.2 Grant Mechanism
2.1.5.1.4.3 Capture Effect
2.1.5.1.4.4 Ranging
2.1.5.1.4.5 Burst Mode Transceiver
2.1.5.2 Optical Network Unit (ONU)
2.1.5.3 Optical Distribution Network (ODN)
2.1.6 PON Evolution Path
2.2 PON: ITU-FSAN Family
2.2.1 Beginning - A/B-PON - G.983.x
2.2.2 G-PON - G.984.x
2.2.3 XG-PON - G.987x
2.2.4 NG-PON2 - G.989x
2.2.4.1 Project
2.2.4.2 NG-PON2 - General
2.2.4.3 Major Properties
2.2.4.4 Characteristics
2.2.4.4.1 Support
2.2.4.4.2 Rates and Reaches
2.2.4.4.3 Combinations
2.2.4.5 Services
2.2.4.6 Capacity
2.2.4.7 Spectrum Allocation
2.2.4.8 Line Rate Summary
2.2.5 XGS-PON
2.2.6 Plans
2.3 PON: IEEE Family
2.3.1 802.3ah - GE - PON
2.3.2 802.3av- 10GE-PON
2.3.2.1 Goal
2.3.2.2 Status
2.3.2.3 Standard’s Scope and Objectives
2.3.2.4 10GE-PON Technology Specifics
2.3.2.4.1 Inheritance
2.3.2.4.2 Properties
2.3.2.4.3 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation
2.3.2.5 10GE-PON: Drivers and Target Applications
2.3.3 IEEE P802.3ca PON
2.4 PON Market
2.4.1 PON Commercialized
2.4.2 Factor
2.4.3 Services
2.4.4 Market Estimate
2.4.4.1 Equipment Sales
2.4.4.2 Market Geography
2.4.4.3 Service Providers Revenue
2.5 Industry
- Ad-net
- Adtran
- Alphion
- Broadcom
- Calix
- Cisco
- Corecess
- GigaLight
- Hisense
- Huawei
- Marvell
- Mitsubishi Electric
- NEC
- Nokia
- PBN
- Qualcomm Atheros
- Raisecom
- Source Photonics
- Sumitomo Electric Networks
- Tellabs
3. DSL Evolution
3.1 Developments
3.1.1 Statistics
3.2 DSL Family
3.2.1 ADSL
3.2.2. R-ADSL
3.2.3 HDSL
3.2.4 IDSL
3.2.5 VDSL
3.2.6 SDSL
3.2.7 Summary
3.3 Vectored DSL - G.993.5
3.3.1 Scope
3.3.2 Details
3.3.2.1 Summary
3.3.2.2 Broadband Forum Contributions
3.3.3 Market
3.3.4 Vendors
- Adtran
- Assia
- Broadcom
- Calix
- Huawei
- Intel/Lantiq
- Nokia
- Siligence
- Zyxel
- ZTE
3.4 G.fast
3.4.1 Standards
3.4.1.1 Broadband Forum -G.fast
3.4.2 Improvements over Vectoring
3.4.3 Models - FTTdp
3.4.4 Major Characteristics
3.4.5 Testing and Trialing
3.4.6 Further Developments
3.4.6.1 G.mgfast
3.4.6.2 Waveguide over Copper
3.4.7 Industry
- Adtran
- Arris (Commscope)
- Broadcom
- Calix
- Cisco
- Dasan Networks
- Huawei
- Metanoia
- Nokia
- Qualcomm/Ikonos
- Sagemcom
- Sckipio
- XAVi
- Zinwell
3.4.8 Market
4. RFoG Development
4.1 Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) Technology
4.2 RFoG Solution
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Standardization
4.2.2.1 Process
4.2.2.2 Details
4.2.2.2.1 ANSI/SCTE 174 2010
4.2.2.2.2 Summary
4.2.2.2.3 IEC
4.2.2.3 Industry Needs
4.2.2.4 Target
4.3 Similarities and Differences (HFC and RFoG)
4.4 RFoG Major Benefits and Issues
4.5 Future Extensions - RF-PON
4.6 Market Estimate
4.6.1 Need
4.6.2 Forecast
4.7 RFoG Industry
- Adtran
- Arris (Commscope)
- BKtel
- Calix
- Cisco
- CTDI
- Electroline
- Multicom
- PBN
- PCT
5. Conclusions
Attachments
Attachment 1: Vectoring DSL-related Patents Survey (2015-2020)
Attachment 2: NG-PON2-related Patents Survey (2015-2020)
Attachment 3: RFoG-related Patents Survey (2015-2020)
Attachment 4: G.fast-related Patents Survey (2015-2020)
List of Figures
Figure 1: PON Reference Model
Figure 2: PON Details
Figure 3: PON Architecture Example
Figure 4: OLT Functional Block Diagram
Figure 5: ONU Functional Block Diagram
Figure 6: PON Evolution Path
Figure 7: FSAN Roadmap
Figure 8: Details
Figure 9: B-PON Frequency Arrangements
Figure 10: ITU Process
Figure 11: Functional Diagram - G.989 System
Figure 12: NG-PON2 Frequency Plan
Figure 13: XGS-PON
Figure 14: GE-PON - 10GE-PON Scenario
Figure 15: GE/10GE-PON Spectrum Allocation
Figure 16: 802.3ca Time Schedule
Figure 17: Price vs Wired Houses %
Figure 18: Estimate-PON Equipment Global Sales ($B)
Figure 19: Estimate-PON ONUs Global Sales ($B)
Figure 20: Estimate - xGPON Equipment Global Sales ($B)
Figure 21: PON Technology Geography - Major Regions (2019)
Figure 22: PON U.S. Providers (2019)
Figure 23: Estimate: U.S. PON Service Providers Revenue ($B)
Figure 24: Market Share (%) - Major Wireline Broadband Access Technologies (2019)
Figure 25: FEXT Illustration
Figure 26: Reference Model - Vectored System (ITU Rec. G.993.5)
Figure 27: Vectored DSL - Characteristics Improvement
Figure 28: Vectored DSL Channel
Figure 29: Estimate: Premises Passed -VDSL2 - Global (Mil.)
Figure 30: Estimate: Global Shipments of Vectored VDSL2 Ports (Mil. units)
Figure 31: DPU - Illustration
Figure 32: G.fast Illustration
Figure 33: Illustration - G.fast Link Arrangements
Figure 34: Estimate: G.fast Market Worth-Global ($B)
Figure 35: HFC Frequencies Assignment Illustration
Figure 36: RFoG Reference Architecture
Figure 37: R-ONU Block Diagrams
Figure 38: HFC and RFoG Illustration
Figure 39: Illustration: PON Overlay
Figure 40: Comparative Characteristics
Figure 41: Estimate: Global - RFoG Market Size ($B)
Figure 42: Estimate: Global - RFoG Service Providers Revenue ($B)
List of Tables
Table 1: G-PON Transmission Rates
Table 2: G.987 Family
Table 3: NG-PON2 - Line Rates
Table 4: EFM Signaling Schemes
Table 5: Interfaces - 10GE PON
Table 6: PONs Compared
Table 7: PON Service Scenarios
Table 8: DSL Family Evolution
Table 9: ADSL Characteristics
Table 10: Parameters
Table 11: Bandwidth
Table 12: Comparison - VDSL2 and G.fast
Table 13: Waveguide over Copper
Table 14: Optical Budget
Table 15: Downstream Transmission
Table 16: Frequency Plans
Samples
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Companies Mentioned
- Ad-net
- Adtran
- Alphion
- Arris (Commscope)
- Assia
- BKtel
- Broadcom
- Calix
- Cisco
- Corecess
- CTDI
- Dasan Networks
- Electroline
- GigaLight
- Hisense
- Huawei
- Intel/Lantiq
- Marvell
- Metanoia
- Mitsubishi Electric
- Multicom
- NEC
- Nokia
- PBN
- PCT
- Qualcomm/Ikonos
- Raisecom
- Sagemcom
- Sckipio
- Siligence
- Source Photonics
- Sumitomo Electric Networks
- Tellabs
- XAVi
- Zinwell
- ZTE
- Zyxel
Methodology
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed; evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted.
Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.
The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.
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