This ‘Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) - Epidemiology Forecast-2032' report delivers an in-depth understanding of the Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as the Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) trends in the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and Japan.
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain disorder that develops in some individuals with liver disease. HE presents as a spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms ranging from subtle fluctuating cognitive impairment to coma and is a significant contributor to morbidity in patients with liver disease. It is observed in acute liver failure, liver bypass procedures - for example, shunt surgery and trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt - and cirrhosis, classified as Type A, B, and C HE, respectively.
Moreover, HE can be associated with more severe symptoms, including reduced alertness, shortened attention span, disruptions in sleep patterns, mild confusion, slowing ability to perform mental tasks, and mood or personality changes. More noticeable changes in memory, concentration, or intellectual function than in minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) may also be observed.
The pathophysiology of HE is multifactorial and involves agents such as ammonia (NH3), inflammatory cytokines, manganese deposition in the basal ganglia, and benzodiazepine-like compounds (i.e., gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA]); recent studies have also recognized roles of microbiota and aromatic amino acids. Although HE pathogenesis is a complex entity with multiple components resulting in functional impairment of neuronal cells - none of which are well understood - NH3 has been considered the primary pathophysiologic mechanism of HE.
HE is classified into two broad categories based on severity, covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) and overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE). When affected individuals have obvious, outward signs and symptoms, the disorder may be referred to as OHE.
Defining and diagnosing HE, particularly covert HE (CHE), remains challenging. In CHE, there are no clinical signs or symptoms of OHE; however, patients have neuropsychological deficiencies that can be detected with psychometric or neuropsychological testing.
The HE diagnosis is based on the presence of a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with liver dysfunction after excluding unrelated neurologic and/or metabolic causes of encephalopathy.
The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by total diagnosed prevalent cases of hepatic encephalopathy, gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of hepatic encephalopathy, age-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of hepatic encephalopathy, and type-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of hepatic encephalopathy scenario of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and Japan from 2019 to 2032.
The Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) report will allow the user to -
Study Period: 2019-2032
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) Disease Understanding
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain disorder that develops in some individuals with liver disease. HE presents as a spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms ranging from subtle fluctuating cognitive impairment to coma and is a significant contributor to morbidity in patients with liver disease. It is observed in acute liver failure, liver bypass procedures - for example, shunt surgery and trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt - and cirrhosis, classified as Type A, B, and C HE, respectively.
Moreover, HE can be associated with more severe symptoms, including reduced alertness, shortened attention span, disruptions in sleep patterns, mild confusion, slowing ability to perform mental tasks, and mood or personality changes. More noticeable changes in memory, concentration, or intellectual function than in minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) may also be observed.
The pathophysiology of HE is multifactorial and involves agents such as ammonia (NH3), inflammatory cytokines, manganese deposition in the basal ganglia, and benzodiazepine-like compounds (i.e., gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA]); recent studies have also recognized roles of microbiota and aromatic amino acids. Although HE pathogenesis is a complex entity with multiple components resulting in functional impairment of neuronal cells - none of which are well understood - NH3 has been considered the primary pathophysiologic mechanism of HE.
HE is classified into two broad categories based on severity, covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) and overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE). When affected individuals have obvious, outward signs and symptoms, the disorder may be referred to as OHE.
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) Diagnosis
Defining and diagnosing HE, particularly covert HE (CHE), remains challenging. In CHE, there are no clinical signs or symptoms of OHE; however, patients have neuropsychological deficiencies that can be detected with psychometric or neuropsychological testing.
The HE diagnosis is based on the presence of a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with liver dysfunction after excluding unrelated neurologic and/or metabolic causes of encephalopathy.
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) Epidemiology Perspective
The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by total diagnosed prevalent cases of hepatic encephalopathy, gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of hepatic encephalopathy, age-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of hepatic encephalopathy, and type-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of hepatic encephalopathy scenario of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and Japan from 2019 to 2032.
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) Detailed Epidemiology Segmentation
- Total diagnosed prevalent cases of Cirrhosis (hospitalized) in the 7MM was found to be 862,508 cases in 2021. These cases are expected to increase by 2032 at a CAGR of 0.63% during the study period (2019-2032).
- The diagnosed prevalent cases of Hepatic Encephalopathy in the 7MM are expected to increase at a CAGR of 0.61% for the study period of 2019-2032.
- Among 7MM, the United States has the highest diagnosed prevalent cases of hepatic encephalopathy with 205,664 cases in 2021.
- Assessments as per the analysts show that the majority of cases of Hepatic Encephalopathy are occupied by males as compared to females. There was a total of 149,518 male and 56,146 female cases of Hepatic Encephalopathy in 2021 in the United States.
- The age-specific data revealed that the highest number of Hepatic Encephalopathy people affected with was found in the age group of 45-54 years, while people < 25 years are the least affected.
- HE is divided into two broad categories based on severity, Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy (CHE) and Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy (OHE). There were a total of 123,399 CHE and 82,266 OHE cases of Hepatic Encephalopathy in 2021 in the United States.
- In EU-5, the United Kingdom has the highest number of cases of HE with 28,212 cases in 2021, followed by Germany with 26,672 cases and France with 22,382 cases. While Spain has the least number of cases with 9,326 in 2021.
- In 2021, Japan had 29,464 diagnosed prevalent cases of HE.
Scope of the Report
- The report covers the descriptive overview of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), explaining its symptoms, grading, pathophysiology, and various diagnostic approaches.
- The report provides insight into the 7MM historical and forecasted patient pool covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan.
- The report assesses the disease risk and burden of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE).
- The report helps to recognize the growth opportunities in the 7MM concerning the patient population.
- The report provides the segmentation of the disease epidemiology for 7MM, a total number of prevalent cases of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE), and Type-specific prevalent cases of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE).
Report Highlights
- 11-Year Forecast of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)
- 7MM Coverage
- Total diagnosed prevalent cases of Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Gender-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Age-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Type-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Key Questions Answered
- What are the disease risk and burdens of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)?
- What is the historical Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) patient pool in the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the UK), and Japan?
- What would be the forecasted patient pool of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) at the 7MM level?
- What will be the growth opportunities across the 7MM concerning the patient population about Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)?
- Out of the above-mentioned countries, which country would have the highest prevalent population of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) during the forecast period (2022-2032)?
- At what CAGR the population is expected to grow across the 7MM during the forecast period (2022-2032)?
Reasons to Buy
The Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) report will allow the user to -
- Develop business strategies by understanding the trends shaping and driving the 7MM Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) epidemiology forecast.
- The Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) epidemiology report and model were written and developed by Masters and Ph.D. level epidemiologists.
- The Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) epidemiology model developed by the publisher is easy to navigate, interactive with dashboards, and epidemiology based on transparent and consistent methodologies. Moreover, the model supports data presented in the report and showcases disease trends over the 11-year forecast period using reputable sources.
Key Assessments
- Patient Segmentation
- Disease Risk and Burden
- Risk of disease by the segmentation
- Factors driving growth in a specific patient population
Geographies Covered
- The United States
- EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom)
- Japan
Study Period: 2019-2032
Table of Contents
1 Key Insights2 Report Introduction4 Executive Summary of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)7 Patient Journey8 KOL Views10 Publisher Capabilities11 Disclaimer12 About the Publisher
3 Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) Patient Overview at a Glance
5 Disease Background and Overview
6 Epidemiology and Patient Population
9 Appendix
List of Tables
List of Figures
