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Disease Analysis: Prostate Cancer

  • Report

  • 94 Pages
  • March 2021
  • Region: Global
  • Citeline
  • ID: 5206544
Latest Key Takeaways

  • The publisher estimates that in 2018, there were 1.3 million incident cases of prostate cancer worldwide in males aged 40 years and older, and forecasts that number to increase to 1.5 million cases by 2027.
  • In the US, prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy diagnosed in men, and is the second-leading cause of cancer mortality in men behind lung cancer.
  • The overall likelihood of approval of a Phase I prostate cancer asset is 4.7%, and the average probability a drug advances from Phase III is 51.5%. Prostate cancer drugs, on average, take 9.0 years from Phase I to approval, compared to 9.6 years in the overall oncology space.
  • Pfizer’s next-generation androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor Xtandi is the market leader in prostate cancer due to its established efficacy across prostate cancer segmentations and a lack of near-term generic competition. Bolstered by recent and planned expansions into additional prostate cancer segments, Xtandi will continue to be the leading option in this indication. Future expansion opportunities include potential use in combination with PARP inhibitors Talzenna or Rubraca in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Xtandi is also being trialed in combination with leuprolide in the Phase III EMBARK study for non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients progressing on definitive therapy. Potential expansion into this segment represents a significant opportunity to improve outcomes earlier in the treatment paradigm, but the combination will have to demonstrate a significant benefit over existing localized treatment options to justify the additional clinical and financial toxicity of Xtandi treatment.
  • Since the launch of generic abiraterone in the US in November 2018, sales of Johnson & Johnson’s cytochrome P450c17 inhibitor Zytiga have begun to erode. Further generic erosion is expected in the EU and Japanese markets in the next few years, decimating sales of the multi-blockbuster. Although branded Zytiga will continue to decrease in market share, use of abiraterone as part of standard regimens will continue and may expand to include several novel combinations.
  • The PARP inhibitors Rubraca and Lynparza were both approved in the US in May 2020 for the treatment of mCRPC patients following AR inhibitor therapy. Rubraca received accelerated conditional approval in mCRPC with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic), while Lynparza received full approval for use in the broader homologous recombination deficient (HRD) population. To potentially differentiate the PARP assets, both are being trialed in the first-line setting of mCRPC; Rubraca in combination with Xtandi against Xtandi alone, and Lynparza with abiraterone against abiraterone alone. There is potential synergy with these combinations as it is hypothesized that AR inhibitors may sensitize tumors to PARP treatment by reducing DNA damage repair (DDR) expression.
  • Late-phase PARP inhibitors Zejula and Talzenna are also being developed in combination with next-generation treatments and will join a crowded PARP treatment space. Zejula is being tested in combination with abiraterone against abiraterone alone as first-line therapy for mCRPC patients. Similarly, Talzenna is being studied in combination with physician’s choice of Xtandi or enzalutamide in mCRPC patients, also as a first-line option. The potential synergy of the PARP inhibitors with AR modulators is promising, but a strong benefit will have to be seen to justify use in the front-line setting of mCRPC. If approved, it is likely that these regimens will be limited to the HRD or even BRCA populations, where they will have strong utility but somewhat limited commercial impact due to the relatively small prevalence of these biomarkers.
  • Next-generation AR inhibitors Nubeqa and Erleada have shifted the treatment paradigm to include these therapies in earlier segments of disease such as non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Expansion into earlier segments and lines of therapy is ongoing. Bayer is looking to expand Nubeqa’s label to include use in very high-risk localized patients and metastatic hormone-sensitive patients. Johnson & Johnson will continue to try and differentiate Erleada with an aggressive development plan that includes potential expansions into chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC patients as part of a combination with abiraterone, as well as into the localized setting for patients treated with prostatectomy or radiation therapy.
  • Akt inhibitors ipatasertib and capivasertib are a potential new mechanistic addition to the prostate cancer space, but the efficacy/tolerability profile of these PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors may prevent approval and potential usage. Ipatasertib is a pan-Akt inhibitor from Roche currently in development for asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic mCRPC patients with PTEN loss as part of a combination with abiraterone. PTEN loss is not a standard target in this indication, but represents a significant market opportunity as it is estimated to occur in approximately 20% of primary prostate cancers and up to 50% of castration-resistant tumors. However, ipatasertib is beset by known class toxicities of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors such as diarrhea, rash, and ALT/AST elevations that could be detrimental to its regulatory chances. AstraZeneca’s Akt inhibitor capivasertib has also demonstrated mixed results in prostate cancer. In the Phase I/II ProCAID trial, capivasertib in combination with docetaxel failed to meet the primary endpoint of improved progression-free survival in mCRPC patients. However, the combination did improve overall survival in these patients irrespective of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway mutations. This has led to initiation of the Phase III CAPItello-281 trial testing capivasertib in combination with abiraterone in de novo mHSPC with PTEN loss.
  • Several checkpoint inhibitors are in development for prostate cancer, but late-phase data from ongoing combination trials are needed to fully determine their relative outlook in the indication. Merck is pursuing an aggressive late-phase development strategy for Keytruda in prostate cancer that includes combinations with Lynparza, Xtandi, and docetaxel for the treatment of mCRPC patients. Opdivo is also in late-phase development as part of a combination with docetaxel in mCRPC patients after failure on a next-generation hormone therapy. Finally, Roche’s Tecentriq, the lone anti-PD-L1 antibody in late-phase development for prostate cancer, is currently in Phase III development in combination with Xtandi or in combination with Cabometyx in mCRPC patients after failing on a next-generation hormone therapy.
  • Myovant’s Orgovyx, an oral GnRH receptor antagonist, received US approval for advanced prostate cancer patients in December 2020. The oral formulation, as well as the fast testosterone suppression and recovery seen with Orgovyx in the Phase III HERO trial, will facilitate use in patients undergoing localized definitive therapy who also need ADT, and may also allow use of an intermittent ADT option in advanced hormone-sensitive patients looking to mitigate side effects and maintain quality of life.

Table of Contents

OVERVIEW
  • Latest key takeaways

DISEASE BACKGROUND
  • Definition
  • Risk factors
  • Symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Prognosis
  • Patient segmentation
  • Clinical states

TREATMENT
  • Referral patterns
  • Localized prostate cancer
  • Locally advanced prostate cancer
  • Recurrent/progressive prostate cancer
  • Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
  • Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
  • Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

EPIDEMIOLOGY
  • Incidence methodology

MARKETED DRUGSPIPELINE DRUGS
KEY REGULATORY EVENTS
  • Oral Orgovyx Could Reduce Patients’ COVID-19 Exposure Risk
  • Telix Takes Radiopharmaceutical Route To Prostate Cancer Market
  • AstraZeneca/Merck’s Lynparza Gets Second Line Prostate Cancer Indication
  • Clovis’s Rubraca Is First PARP For Prostate Cancer, But AZ’s Lynparza Coming Soon
  • Myovant Submits First NDA For Relugolix, Plans Another In May
  • Trial Issues Complicate Tookad’s Path To Approval
  • Steba’s Tookad: US FDA Panel To Weigh Novel Endpoints, Missing Data And Toxicities

PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS
LICENSING AND ASSET ACQUISITION DEALS
  • Pfizer Gains New Commercial Drug Orgovyx In Deal With Myovant
  • Janssen, Xencor Team Up Against Prostate Cancer
  • Diaprost Obtains PSA Antibody IP From Memorial Sloan Kettering

CLINICAL TRIAL LANDSCAPE
  • Sponsors by status
  • Sponsors by phase
  • Recent events

DRUG ASSESSMENT MODELMARKET DYNAMICS
FUTURE TRENDS
  • Xtandi will remain the best-selling therapy over the next decade
  • Abiraterone generics have largely displaced Zytiga prescribing
  • Johnson & Johnson will rely on Erleada to offset Zytiga revenue losses
  • Prescribing of next-generation hormone therapies in earlier treatment settings will drive growth of the market
  • Pipeline drugs targeting mCRPC patients will generate only moderate uptake

CONSENSUS FORECASTS
RECENT EVENTS AND ANALYST OPINION
  • Orgovyx for Prostate Cancer (September 29, 2020)
  • AMG 160 for Prostate Cancer (September 21, 2020)
  • Ipatasertib for Prostate Cancer (September 20, 2020)
  • Ipatasertib for Prostate Cancer (June 18, 2020)
  • Capivasertib for Prostate Cancer (May 30, 2020)
  • HPN424 for Prostate Cancer (May 29, 2020)
  • Orgovyx for Prostate Cancer (May 29, 2020)
  • Lutetium 177Lu-PSMA-617 for Prostate Cancer (May 13, 2020)
  • Tookad for Prostate Cancer (February 26, 2020)
  • Tookad for Prostate Cancer (February 24, 2020)
  • Multiple Drugs for Prostate Cancer (February 13, 2020)
  • Cabometyx / Cometriq for Prostate Cancer (February 10, 2020)

KEY UPCOMING EVENTSKEY OPINION LEADER INSIGHTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Prescription information

APPENDIX
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Trends in incident cases of prostate cancer, 2018–27
Figure 2: Overview of pipeline drugs for prostate cancer in the US
Figure 3: Pipeline drugs for prostate cancer, by company
Figure 4: Pipeline drugs for prostate cancer, by drug type
Figure 5: Pipeline drugs for prostate cancer, by classification
Figure 6: Probability of success in the prostate cancer pipeline
Figure 7: Clinical trials in prostate cancer
Figure 8: Top 10 drugs for clinical trials in prostate cancer
Figure 9: Top 10 companies for clinical trials in prostate cancer
Figure 10: Trial locations in prostate cancer
Figure 11: Prostate cancer trials status
Figure 12: Prostate cancer trials sponsors, by phase
Figure 13: The publisher’s drug assessment summary for prostate cancer
Figure 14: Market dynamics in prostate cancer
Figure 15: Future trends in prostate cancer
Figure 16: Orgovyx for Prostate Cancer (September 29, 2020): Phase III - HERO
Figure 17: Ipatasertib for Prostate Cancer (September 20, 2020): Phase III - IPATential150
Figure 18: Ipatasertib for Prostate Cancer (June 18, 2020): Phase III - IPATential150
Figure 19: Capivasertib for Prostate Cancer (May 30, 2020): Phase I/II - ProCAID
Figure 20: Orgovyx for Prostate Cancer (May 29, 2020): Phase III - HERO
Figure 21: Lutetium 177Lu-PSMA-617 for Prostate Cancer (May 13, 2020): Phase II - TheraP
Figure 22: Cabometyx / Cometriq for Prostate Cancer (February 10, 2020): Phase Ib - COSMIC-021 w/Atezolizumab
Figure 23: Key upcoming events in prostate cancer
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Five-year relative survival rates for prostate cancer in the US, by stage at diagnosis
Table 2: Prognostic staging for prostate cancer
Table 3: Gleason grade group
Table 4: Clinical states for prostate cancer treatment
Table 5: Recommended branded treatments for patients with prostate cancer
Table 6: Incident cases of prostate cancer, 2018–27
Table 7: Marketed drugs for prostate cancer
Table 8: Pipeline drugs for prostate cancer in the US
Table 9: Historical global sales, by drug ($m), 2015–19
Table 10: Forecasted global sales, by drug ($m), 2021–25
Table 11: Orgovyx for Prostate Cancer (September 29, 2020)
Table 12: AMG 160 for Prostate Cancer (September 21, 2020)
Table 13: Ipatasertib for Prostate Cancer (September 20, 2020)
Table 14: Ipatasertib for Prostate Cancer (June 18, 2020)
Table 15: Capivasertib for Prostate Cancer (May 30, 2020)
Table 16: HPN424 for Prostate Cancer (May 29, 2020)
Table 17: Orgovyx for Prostate Cancer (May 29, 2020)
Table 18: Lutetium 177Lu-PSMA-617 for Prostate Cancer (May 13, 2020)
Table 19: Tookad for Prostate Cancer (February 26, 2020)
Table 20: Tookad for Prostate Cancer (February 24, 2020)
Table 21: Multiple Drugs for Prostate Cancer (February 13, 2020)
Table 22: Cabometyx / Cometriq for Prostate Cancer (February 10, 2020)