This report addresses issues related to multi-gigabit transmission inside of premises.
The analysis of several advanced indoor communications technologies and related markets, applications, and surveys of the industries are presented. In particular, this report concentrates on:
Wireline indoor communications, including:
- HomePlug AV2 (MIMO)
- MoCA (2 and 2.5 and 3)
- HomePNA 3.1 - ITU G.hn-MIMO
Wireless indoor communications, including:
- IEEE802.11ac
- IEEE802.11ax
- IEEE802.11ad
- IEEE802.11ay
- Visible Light Communications (VLC)
Such a selection was based on the intention to analyze the most advanced techniques that support multi-Gb/s speeds of transmission together with other latest achievements in indoor wireline/wireless communications. Besides, these techniques are applicable for supporting a wide spectrum of indoor services - from entertainment to Home Area Networks to the broadband Internet.
The report shows that wireline indoor communications are evolving towards ITU G.hn-MIMO as a technology that can use all three existing indoor wirings - electrical, phone and coax to achieve the speed of transmission of more than 1 Gb/s. The standard developers believe that it can become the universal standard for home/small office networking; though shipments PLC and MoCA equipment expects to be ahead at least till 2020-2021. Altogether, wireline technologies experience severe competition from rapidly developing wireless advanced indoor communications.
802.11ac and 802.11ad are two relatively recently introduced WLAN technologies. They are demonstrating WLANs developments towards multi-Gb/s rates and efficient coverage. The major trend in WLAN silicon is towards using tri-band chips - 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 60 GHz bands - all implemented in a single device. Such a trend together with the falling electronics prices and convenience of wireless (vs. wireline) connectivity make 802.11xx a winning technology.
Report also addresses next-generation WICT - IEEE802.11ax (5 GHz band) and IEEE802.11ay (mmWave band). They are coming online for wide commercialization in 1-2 years.
Visible Light Communications (VLC), which is defined by the ITU as the 5G technology opens additional opportunities for indoor communications. Dual-purpose LED lighting/transmission is efficient means of communications with the multi-Gb/s speed of transmission and covering offices and homes and similar structures.
All above-mentioned technologies with their advantages and issues are analyzed in this report, which addresses corresponding markets and applications as well.
The report also surveys 802.11ad, 802.11ay, and VLC related patents (2017-2019).
The report is written for a wide audience of technical and managerial staff involved in indoor communications development.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Statistics
1.3 Scope
1.4 Structure
1.5 Research Methodology
1.6 Target Audience
2. Wireline ICT
2.1 PLC - HomePlug
2.1.1 HomePlug Powerline Alliance
2.1.1.1 Goal
2.1.1.2 Timetable
2.1.2 HomePlug AV2
2.1.2.1 Advances
2.1.2.1.1 HomePlug AV2-mimo
2.1.2.1.1.1 General
2.1.2.1.1.2 Certification
2.1.2.1.1.3 Major Improvements
2.1.2.1.1.4 Specification Details
2.1.2.1.1.5 MIMO Role
2.1.2.2 Industry
- Broadcom
- D-Link
- Extollo
- GigaFast Ethernet
- Lea Networks
- Netgear
- Sineoji
- Trendnet
- TP-Link
- Qualcomm Atheros
- Zyxel
2.2 HomePNA and ITU G.hn MIMO-based Technologies
2.2.1 HomePNA Alliance (HomeGrid Forum)
2.2.2. Specifications
2.2.2.1 General
2.2.2.2 HomePNA Specification 3.1: Major Features
2.2.2.3 Fast EoC HomePNA
2.2.2.4 Major Benefits
2.2.2.5 ITU G.hn
2.2.2.5.1 General
2.2.2.5.2 G.hn Standard Details
2.2.2.5.2.1 Differences
2.2.2.5.2.2 Common Features
2.2.2.5.2.3 Acceptance
2.2.2.5.3 HomePNA and G.hn Documents
2.2.2.5.4 G.hn-mimo - G.9963
2.2.2.5.4.1 Drivers
2.2.2.5.4.2 G.9963 Details
2.2.2.5.4.3 Industry
2.3 MoCA Technology
2.3.1 General
2.3.1.1 Roadmap
2.3.2 Partnerships
2.3.3 Details
2.3.3.1 MoCA 2.0
2.3.3.1.1 MoCA 2.0 Technical Highlights
2.3.3.2 MoCA 2.5 and MoCA 3
2.3.3.2.1 MoCA Access 2.5
2.3.3.3 Security
2.3.4 Summary
2.3.5 Samples of Vendors
- Actiontec
- Arris (CommScope company)
- Broadcom
- Cisco
- MaxLinear
- Netgear
- Teamly Digital
2.3.6 Comparison
3. Wireless ICT
3.1 IEEE 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)
3.1.1 Approval
3.1.2 Advanced Wi-Fi Standard
3.1.3 Major Features: Summary
3.1.4 Benefits
3.1.5 Usage Models
3.1.6 Waves
3.1.7 Industry
- Broadcom
- Buffalo
- D-Link
- Huawei
- Linksys
- Marvell
- Netgear
- Qorvo
- Quantenna (a division of ON Semiconductor)
- Redpine Signals
3.1.8 MIMO and 802.11ac Standard
3.1.8.1 Comparison
3.2 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)
3.2.1 Scope
3.2.1.1 Wi-Fi 6E
3.2.2 First Products
- Asus
- Broadcom
- Huawei
- Intel
- Marvell
- Qualcomm
3.3 60 GHz WLAN
3.3.1 Benefits and Issues
3.3.2 WiGig Alliance
3.3.2.1 Specification: 60 GHz Wi-Fi
3.3.2.2 WiGig Protocol Adaption Layer Specifications
3.3.2.3 WiGig Bus Extension and WiGig Serial Extension Specification
3.3.2.4 WiGig Display Extension Specification
3.3.2.5 Union
3.3.3 IEEE 802.11ad - 60 GHz Wi-Fi
3.3.3.1 Status
3.3.3.2 Coexistence
3.3.3.3 Scope
3.3.3.4 Channelization
3.3.3.5 PHY
3.3.3.6 MAC
3.3.3.7 Specifics
3.3.3.8 Use Cases
3.3.3.9 Industry
- Blu Wireless
- Lattice
- Peraso
- Qualcomm
- Tensorcom
- TP-Link
3.3.3.10 Market
3.3.3.10.1 Market Drivers
3.3.3.10.2 Estimate
3.3.4 P802.11ay - Next Generation 60 GHz Wi-Fi
3.3.4.1 Purpose and Time Schedule
3.3.4.2 Scope
3.3.4.3 Details
3.3.4.3.1 Channel Bonding and Aggregation
3.3.4.3.2 IEEE 802.11ay Physical Layer
3.3.4.4 Industry
- Blu Wireless
- Qualcomm
3.4 Visible Light Communication (VLC)
3.4.1 VLC - Innovation
3.4.2 LED Specifics
3.4.2.1 Properties
3.4.2.2 Spectrum
3.4.3 Types
3.4.4 LED Modulation
3.4.4.1 Limitations
3.4.5 LED - Dual Functionality
3.4.6 Developments - History
3.4.7 Technical/Economic Characteristics
3.4.8 Communications Aspects: VLC
3.4.8.1 Place
3.4.8.2 Drivers
3.4.8.3 Industry Activity
3.4.8.4 VLC Standards Development
3.4.8.4.1 IEEE 802.15.7 Standard - IEEE 802.15.7-2018 - IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks-Part 15.7: Short-Range Optical Wireless Communications
3.4.8.4.1.1 Considerations
3.4.8.4.1.2 Project
3.4.8.4.2 IEEE802.15.7r1
3.4.8.4.3 IEEE 802.11bb
3.4.8.4.4 IEEE 802.15.13
3.4.8.4.5 JEITA (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association) Standards
3.4.8.4.5.1 JEITA CP-1221
3.4.8.4.5.2 JEITA CP-1222
3.4.8.4.5.3 JEITA CP-1223 (2013)
3.4.8.4.6 Visible Light Communications Association (VLCA)
3.4.8.4.6.1 General
3.4.8.4.6.2 Experimental Systems- VLCA Projects
3.4.8.4.7 ARIB T50-V.4
3.4.8.4.8 ECMA 397-2010
3.4.8.4.9 Li-Fi Consortium
3.4.8.4.10 ITU
3.4.8.4.10.1 Report ITU-R SM.2422-0: Visible light for broadband communications
3.4.8.4.10.2 G.9991 (03/2019)
3.4.9 VLC Channel - Details
3.4.9.1 General
3.4.9.2 Structure
3.4.9.3 Transmitter
3.4.9.4 Receiver
3.4.9.4.1 Image Sensors
3.4.9.4.2 LED as Receiver
3.4.9.5 Major Characteristics
3.4.9.5.1 General
3.4.9.5.2 Modulation Specifics
3.4.9.5.3 VLC Channel: Characteristics Summary
3.4.9.6 Emerging Areas
3.4.9.7 Limitations
3.4.10 Applications: Summary
3.4.10.1 Indoor VLC Channel
3.4.11 Market
3.4.12 Industry
- Basic6
- Casio
- Lucibel
- LVX
- Nakagawa Laboratories
- NEC
- Oledcomm
- Outstanding Technology
- Philips
- PureLi-Fi
- Signify
- Siemens
- Supreme Architecture
- VLNcomm
3.4.13 5G View
3.4.13.1 Attocell
3.4.13.2 Cell Structures
3.4.14 Lights Off
4. Conclusions
Attachments
Attachment I: 802.11ad - related Patents Survey (2017-2021)
Attachment II: VLC - related Patents Survey (2017-2021)
Attachment III: 802.11ay - related Patents Survey (2017-2021)
List of Figures
Figure 1: HomePlug Alliance - Major Milestones
Figure 2: HomePlug AV2 Features
Figure 3: MIMO HomePlug AV2 Channels
Figure 4: ITU G.hn and HomePNA Standards
Figure 5: ITU Recommendations and Technologies
Figure 6: HomePNA and G.hn Characteristics
Figure 7: G.9963-MIMO (2x2)
Figure 8: G.hn- MIMO -Details
Figure 9: Maximum Theoretical PHY Rates (home media-wireline communications)
Figure 10: Comparative Characteristics
Figure 11: G.hn-mimo - Frequency-Rate Characteristics
Figure 12: MoCA Roadmap
Figure 13: Comparative Characteristics: MoCA Technologies
Figure 14: MoCA Performance Profiles
Figure 15: MOCA Development Dynamics
Figure 16: Comparison
Figure 17: Evolution of 802.11 Technology
Figure 18: Properties - 802.11ac
Figure 19: Channel Assignment-802.11ac
Figure 20: Specifics-802.11ac Channels
Figure 21: Rates/Spatial Streams - 802.11ac
Figure 22: Usage Models - 802.11ac
Figure 23: 802.11ac WAVEs
Figure 24: 802.11n vs. 802.11ac
Figure 25: 802.11ax Release Schedule
Figure 26: Characteristics - 802.11ac and 802.11ax
Figure 27: 802.11ad Major Features
Figure 28: PHY Characteristics - 802.11ad
Figure 29: 802.11ad MAC Structure
Figure 30: Use Cases - 802.11ad
Figure 31: Estimate: Global Sales of 802.1ad Chipsets (Bil. Units)
Figure 32: Estimate: Global Sales of 802.11ad Chipsets ($B)
Figure 33: 802.11ay Development Schedule
Figure 34: LED Structure
Figure 35: Spectrum (450-750 nm - visible)
Figure 36: Wavelengths (nm)
Figure 37: LED Properties Illustration
Figure 38: Laser vs. LED
Figure 39: Estimate: U.S. Lighting LED Market ($B)
Figure 40: Estimate: U.S. Lighting LED Market (Bil. Units)
Figure 41: LED Price Factor (Cents/Lumen)
Figure 42: Cost and Brightness- Light Sources
Figure 43: WPAN/WLAN Family and VLC
Figure 44: Use Cases - VLC
Figure 45: Devices and Characteristics - VLC
Figure 46: Frequency Plan - 802.15.7
Figure 47: Illustration-VLC Channel
Figure 48: Comparison RF and VLC Properties
Figure 49: VLC Applications
Figure 50: VLC, IR and RF Communications ITS Applications Comparison
Figure 51: Locations Technologies-VLC Place
Figure 52: Estimate - Global VLC Market ($B)
Samples
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Companies Mentioned
- Actiontec
- Arris (CommScope company)
- Asus
- Basic6
- Blu Wireless
- Broadcom
- Buffalo
- Casio
- Cisco
- D-Link
- Extollo
- GigaFast Ethernet
- Huawei
- Intel
- Lattice
- Lea Networks
- Linksys
- Lucibel
- LVX
- Marvell
- MaxLinear
- Nakagawa Laboratories
- NEC
- Netgear
- Oledcomm
- Outstanding Technology
- Peraso
- Philips
- PureLi-Fi
- Qorvo
- Qualcomm
- Qualcomm Atheros
- Quantenna (a division of ON Semiconductor)
- Redpine Signals
- Siemens
- Signify
- Sineoji
- Supreme Architecture
- Teamly Digital
- Tensorcom
- TP-Link
- Trendnet
- VLNcomm
- Zyxel
Methodology
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed; evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted.
Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.
The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.
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