The Global Market for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) 2023-2040

2.1 Definition of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS)
2.2 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)

3.1 Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions
3.2 CO2 as a commodity
3.3 Meeting climate targets
3.4 Market drivers and trends
3.5 The current market and future outlook
3.6 CCUS Industry developments 2020-2023
3.7 CCUS investments
3.7.1 Venture Capital Funding
3.8 Government CCUS initiatives
3.8.1 North America
3.8.2 Europe
3.8.3 China
3.9 Market map
3.10 Commercial CCUS facilities and projects
3.10.1 Facilities
3.10.1.1 Operational
3.10.1.2 Under development/construction
3.11 CCUS Value Chain
3.12 Key market barriers for CCUS

4.1 What is CCUS?
4.1.1 Carbon Capture
4.1.1.1 Source Characterization
4.1.1.2 Purification
4.1.1.3 CO2 capture technologies
4.1.2 Carbon Utilization
4.1.2.1 CO2 utilization pathways
4.1.3 Carbon storage
4.1.3.1 Passive storage
4.1.3.2 Enhanced oil recovery
4.2 Transporting CO2
4.2.1 Methods of CO2 transport
4.2.1.1 Pipeline
4.2.1.2 Ship
4.2.1.3 Road
4.2.1.4 Rail
4.2.2 Safety
4.3 Costs
4.3.1 Cost of CO2 transport
4.4 Carbon credits

5.1 CO2 capture from point sources
5.1.1 Transportation
5.1.2 Global point source CO2 capture capacities
5.1.3 By source
5.1.4 By endpoint
5.2 Main carbon capture processes
5.2.1 Materials
5.2.2 Post-combustion
5.2.3 Oxy-fuel combustion
5.2.4 Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle
5.2.5 Pre-combustion
5.3 Carbon separation technologies
5.3.1 Absorption capture
5.3.2 Adsorption capture
5.3.3 Membranes
5.3.4 Liquid or supercritical CO2 (Cryogenic) capture
5.3.5 Chemical Looping-Based Capture
5.3.6 Calix Advanced Calciner
5.3.7 Other technologies
5.3.7.1 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)
5.3.7.2 Microalgae Carbon Capture
5.3.8 Comparison of key separation technologies
5.3.9 Technology readiness level (TRL) of gas separation technologies
5.4 Opportunities and barriers
5.5 Costs of CO2 capture
5.6 CO2 capture capacity
5.7 Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
5.7.1 Overview of technology
5.7.2 Biomass conversion
5.7.3 BECCS facilities
5.7.4 Challenges
5.8 Direct air capture (DAC)
5.8.1 Description
5.8.2 Deployment
5.8.3 Point source carbon capture versus Direct Air Capture
5.8.4 Technologies
5.8.4.1 Solid sorbents
5.8.4.2 Liquid sorbents
5.8.4.3 Liquid solvents
5.8.4.4 Airflow equipment integration
5.8.4.5 Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC)
5.8.4.6 Direct conversion
5.8.4.7 Co-product generation
5.8.4.8 Low Temperature DAC
5.8.4.9 Regeneration methods
5.8.5 Commercialization and plants
5.8.6 Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in DAC
5.8.7 DAC plants and projects-current and planned
5.8.8 Markets for DAC
5.8.9 Costs
5.8.10 Challenges
5.8.11 Players and production
5.9 Other technologies
5.9.1 Enhanced weathering
5.9.2 Afforestation and reforestation
5.9.3 Soil carbon sequestration (SCS)
5.9.4 Biochar
5.9.5 Ocean Carbon Capture
5.9.5.1 Ocean fertilisation
5.9.5.2 Ocean alkalinisation

6.1 Overview
6.1.1 Current market status
6.1.2 Benefits of carbon utilization
6.1.3 Market challenges
6.2 Co2 utilization pathways
6.3 Conversion processes
6.3.1 Thermochemical
6.3.1.1 Process overview
6.3.1.2 Plasma-assisted CO2 conversion
6.3.2 Electrochemical conversion of CO2
6.3.2.1 Process overview
6.3.3 Photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic conversion of CO2
6.3.4 Catalytic conversion of CO2
6.3.5 Biological conversion of CO2
6.3.6 Copolymerization of CO2
6.3.7 Mineral carbonation
6.4 CO2-derived products
6.4.1 Fuels
6.4.1.1 Overview
6.4.1.2 Production routes
6.4.1.3 Methanol
6.4.1.4 Algae based biofuels
6.4.1.5 CO2-fuels from solar
6.4.1.6 Companies
6.4.1.7 Challenges
6.4.2 Chemicals
6.4.2.1 Overview
6.4.2.2 Scalability
6.4.2.3 Applications
6.4.2.4 Companies
6.4.3 Construction materials
6.4.3.1 Overview
6.4.3.2 CCUS technologies
6.4.3.3 Carbonated aggregates
6.4.3.4 Additives during mixing
6.4.3.5 Concrete curing
6.4.3.6 Costs
6.4.3.7 Companies
6.4.3.8 Challenges
6.4.4 CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
6.4.4.1 Overview
6.4.4.2 Applications
6.4.4.3 Companies
6.5 CO2 Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery
6.5.1 Overview
6.5.1.1 Process
6.5.1.2 CO2 sources
6.5.2 CO2-EOR facilities and projects
6.5.3 Challenges
6.6 Enhanced mineralization
6.6.1 Advantages
6.6.2 In situ and ex-situ mineralization
6.6.3 Enhanced mineralization pathways
6.6.4 Challenges

7.1 CO2 storage sites
7.1.1 Storage types for geologic CO2 storage
7.1.2 Oil and gas fields
7.1.3 Saline formations
7.2 Global CO2 storage capacity
7.3 Costs
7.4 Challenges

8.1 Aeroborn B.V
8.2 AirCapture
8.3 Air Company
8.4 Air Liquide S.A
8.5 Air Products and Chemicals, Inc
8.6 Air Protein
8.7 Air Quality Solutions Worldwide DAC
8.8 Airovation Technologies
8.9 Aker Carbon Capture
8.10 Algal Bio Co., Ltd
8.11 Algenol
8.12 Algiecel ApS
8.13 Andes
8.14 Aqualung Carbon Capture
8.15 Arca
8.16 Arkeon Biotechnologies
8.17 Asahi Kasei
8.18 AspiraDAC Pty Ltd
8.19 Aspiring Materials
8.20 Avantium N.V
8.21 Avnos, Inc
8.22 Aymium
8.23 Axens SA
8.24 Azolla
8.25 Barton Blakeley Technologies Ltd
8.26 BASF Group
8.27 BP PLC
8.28 Blue Planet Systems Corporation
8.29 BluSky, Inc
8.30 Breathe Applied Sciences
8.31 Brilliant Planet
8.32 bse Methanol GmbH
8.33 C-Capture
8.34 C4X Technologies Inc
8.35 C2CNT LLC
8.36 Cambridge Carbon Capture Ltd
8.37 Captura Corporation
8.38 Capture6
8.39 Carba
8.40 CarbiCrete
8.41 Carbfix
8.42 Carboclave
8.43 Carbo Culture
8.44 Carbofex Oy
8.45 Carbominer
8.46 Carbonade
8.47 Carbonaught Pty Ltd
8.48 Carbonova
8.49 CarbonScape Ltd
8.50 Carbon8 Systems
8.51 Carbon Blade
8.52 Carbon Blue
8.53 CarbonBuilt
8.54 Carbon CANTONNE
8.55 Carbon Capture, Inc. (CarbonCapture)
8.56 Carbon Capture Machine (UK)
8.57 Carbon Centric
8.58 Carbon Clean Solutions Limited
8.59 Carbon Collect Limited
8.60 CarbonCure Technologies Inc
8.61 Carbon Geocapture Corp
8.62 Carbon Engineering Ltd
8.63 Carbon Infinity Limited
8.64 Carbon Limit
8.65 Carbon Recycling International
8.66 Carbon Reform, Inc
8.67 Carbon Ridge, Inc
8.68 Carbon Sink LLC
8.69 CarbonStar Systems
8.70 Carbon Upcycling Technologies
8.71 Carbonfree Chemicals
8.72 CarbonMeta Research Ltd
8.73 CarbonOrO Products B.V
8.74 CarbonQuest
8.75 Carbon-Zero US LLC
8.76 Carbyon BV
8.77 Cemvita Factory Inc
8.78 CERT Systems, Inc
8.79 CFOAM Limited
8.80 Charm Industrial
8.81 Chevron Corporation
8.82 Chiyoda Corporation
8.83 China Energy Investment Corporation (CHN Energy)
8.84 Climeworks
8.85 CO2 Capsol
8.86 CO2Rail Company
8.87 CO2CirculAir B.V
8.88 Compact Carbon Capture AS (Baker Hughes)
8.89 Coval Energy B.V
8.90 Covestro AG
8.91 Cquestr8 Limited
8.92 CyanoCapture
8.93 D-CRBN
8.94 Decarbontek LLC
8.95 Deep Branch Biotechnology
8.96 Denbury Inc
8.97 Dimensional Energy
8.98 Dioxide Materials
8.99 Dioxycle
8.100 8Rivers
8.101 Ebb Carbon
8.102 Ecocera
8.103 ecoLocked GmbH
8.104 Eion Carbon
8.105 Econic Technologies Ltd
8.106 EcoClosure LLC
8.107 Electrochaea GmbH
8.108 Emerging Fuels Technology (EFT)
8.109 Empower Materials, Inc
8.110 Enerkem, Inc
8.111 enaDyne GmbH
8.112 Entropy Inc
8.113 E-Quester
8.114 Equatic
8.115 Equinor ASA
8.116 Evonik Industries AG
8.117 ExxonMobil
8.118 44.01
8.119 Fairbrics
8.120 Fervo Energy
8.121 Fluor Corporation
8.122 Fortera Corporation
8.123 Framergy, Inc
8.124 FuelCell Energy, Inc
8.125 GE Gas Power (General Electric)
8.126 Giner, Inc
8.127 Global Algae Innovations
8.128 Global Thermostat LLC
8.129 Graviky Labs
8.130 Gulf Coast Sequestration
8.131 Greenlyte Carbon Technologies
8.132 greenSand
8.133 Hago Energetics
8.134 Haldor Topsoe
8.135 Heimdal CCU
8.136 Heirloom Carbon Technologies
8.137 High Hopes Labs
8.138 Holcim Group
8.139 Holy Grail, Inc
8.140 Honeywell
8.141 Oy Hydrocell Ltd
8.142 1point8
8.143 IHI Corporation
8.144 Immaterial Ltd
8.145 Ineratec GmbH
8.146 Infinitree LLC
8.147 Innovator Energy
8.148 InnoSepra LLC
8.149 InterEarth
8.150 ION Clean Energy, Inc
8.151 Japan CCS Co., Ltd
8.152 Jupiter Oxygen Corporation
8.153 Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd
8.154 Krajete GmbH
8.155 LanzaJet, Inc
8.156 Lanzatech
8.157 Lectrolyst LLC
8.158 Levidian Nanosystems
8.159 The Linde Group
8.160 Liquid Wind AB
8.161 Lithos Carbon
8.162 Living Carbon
8.163 Loam Bio
8.164 Low Carbon Korea
8.165 Low Carbon Materials
8.166 Made of Air GmbH
8.167 Mango Materials, Inc
8.168 Mars Materials
8.169 Mattershift
8.170 Mercurius Biorefining
8.171 Minera Systems
8.172 Mineral Carbonation International (MCi) Carbon
8.173 Mission Zero Technologies
8.174 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc
8.175 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
8.176 MOFWORX
8.177 Molten Industries, Inc
8.178 Mosaic Materials, Inc. (Baker Hughes)
8.179 Myno Carbon
8.180 Nanyang Zhongju Tianguan Low Carbon Technology Company
8.181 Net Power, LLC
8.182 NetZero
8.183 Neustark AG
8.184 Newlight Technologies LLC
8.185 New Sky Energy
8.186 Norsk e-Fuel AS
8.187 Novocarbo GmbH
8.188 Novo Nutrients
8.189 Noya
8.190 Nuada
8.191 1PointFive
8.192 Oakbio
8.193 Obrist Group
8.194 Occidental Petroleum Corp
8.195 OCOchem
8.196 Orchestra Scientific S.L
8.197 Origen Carbon Solutions
8.198 Osaki CoolGen Corporation
8.199 OXCCU Tech Ltd
8.200 OxEon Energy, LLC
8.201 Oxylum
8.202 Paebbl AB
8.203 Parallel Carbon Limited
8.204 Perpetual Next Technologies
8.205 Photanol B.V
8.206 Phytonix Corporation
8.207 Pond Technologies
8.208 Planetary Technologies
8.209 Prometheus Fuels, Inc
8.210 Prometheus Materials
8.211 PTTEP
8.212 Proton Power, Inc
8.213 PYREG
8.214 RedoxNRG
8.215 Remora
8.216 Removr
8.217 RepAir Carbon DAC Ltd
8.218 Rubi Laboratories, Inc
8.219 Running Tide Technologies, Inc
8.220 Saipem S.p.A
8.221 Seabound
8.222 Seachange Technologies
8.223 Sekisui Chemical
8.224 SeaO2 Netherlands
8.225 Seeo2 Energy, Inc
8.226 Shell plc
8.227 Silicate Carbon
8.228 SkyMining AB
8.229 SkyNano Technologies
8.230 Skyrenu Technologies
8.231 Skytree
8.232 Solar Foods Oy
8.233 Soletair Power Oy
8.234 Solidia Technologies
8.235 South Ocean Air
8.236 Southern Green Gas
8.237 Steeper Energy
8.238 Stockholm Exergi AB
8.239 Storegga Geotechnologies Limited
8.240 Sublime Systems
8.241 Sunfire GmbH
8.242 Sustaera
8.243 Svante, Inc
8.244 Synhelion
8.245 Quantiam Technologies Inc
8.246 Tandem Technical
8.247 TerraCOH, Inc
8.248 TerraFixing, Inc
8.249 Terra CO2 Technologies Ltd
8.250 TierraSpec Ltd
8.251 TotalEnergies SE
8.252 Travertine Technologies, Inc
8.253 Twelve
8.254 UNDO
8.255 UP Catalyst
8.256 Valiidun Inc
8.257 Vertus Energy Ltd
8.258 Verdox
8.259 Vortis Carbon Co
8.260 YuanChu Technology Corp
8.261 ZoraMat Solutions
8.262 ZS2 Technologies

Table 1. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples
Table 2. Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) market drivers and trends
Table 3. Carbon capture, usage, and storage (CCUS) industry developments 2020-2023
Table 4. CCUS VC deals 2020-2023
Table 5. Demonstration and commercial CCUS facilities in China
Table 6. Global commercial CCUS facilities-in operation
Table 7. Global commercial CCUS facilities-under development/construction
Table 8. Key market barriers for CCUS
Table 9. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
Table 10. Approaches for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from point sources
Table 11. CO2 capture technologies
Table 12. Advantages and challenges of carbon capture technologies
Table 13. Overview of commercial materials and processes utilized in carbon capture
Table 14. Methods of CO2 transport
Table 15. Carbon capture, transport, and storage cost per unit of CO2
Table 16. Estimated capital costs for commercial-scale carbon capture
Table 17. Point source examples
Table 18. Assessment of carbon capture materials
Table 19. Chemical solvents used in post-combustion
Table 20. Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture
Table 21. Main capture processes and their separation technologies
Table 22. Absorption methods for CO2 capture overview
Table 23. Commercially available physical solvents used in CO2 absorption
Table 24. Adsorption methods for CO2 capture overview
Table 25. Membrane-based methods for CO2 capture overview
Table 26. Benefits and drawbacks of microalgae carbon capture
Table 27. Comparison of main separation technologies
Table 28. Technology readiness level (TRL) of gas separation technologies
Table 29. Opportunities and Barriers by sector
Table 30. Existing and planned capacity for sequestration of biogenic carbon
Table 31. Existing facilities with capture and/or geologic sequestration of biogenic CO2
Table 32. Advantages and disadvantages of DAC
Table 33. Companies developing airflow equipment integration with DAC
Table 34. Companies developing Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC) technologies
Table 35. Companies developing regeneration methods for DAC technologies
Table 36. DAC companies and technologies
Table 37. DAC technology developers and production
Table 38. DAC projects in development
Table 39. Markets for DAC
Table 40. Costs summary for DAC
Table 41. Cost estimates of DAC
Table 42. Challenges for DAC technology
Table 43. DAC companies and technologies
Table 44. Biological CCS technologies
Table 45. Biochar in carbon capture overview
Table 46. Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$)
Table 47. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
Table 48. Market challenges for CO2 utilization
Table 49. Example CO2 utilization pathways
Table 50. CO2 derived products via Thermochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
Table 51. Electrochemical CO2 reduction products
Table 52. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
Table 53. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages
Table 54. Companies developing and producing CO2-based polymers
Table 55. Companies developing mineral carbonation technologies
Table 56. Market overview for CO2 derived fuels
Table 57. Microalgae products and prices
Table 58. Main Solar-Driven CO2 Conversion Approaches
Table 59. Companies in CO2-derived fuel products
Table 60. Commodity chemicals and fuels manufactured from CO2
Table 61. Companies in CO2-derived chemicals products
Table 62. Carbon capture technologies and projects in the cement sector
Table 63. Companies in CO2 derived building materials
Table 64. Market challenges for CO2 utilization in construction materials
Table 65. Companies in CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
Table 66. Applications of CCS in oil and gas production
Table 67. CO2 EOR/Storage Challenges
Table 68. Storage and utilization of CO2
Table 69. Global depleted reservoir storage projects
Table 70. Global CO2 ECBM storage projects
Table 71. CO2 EOR/storage projects
Table 72. Global storage sites-saline aquifer projects
Table 73. Global storage capacity estimates, by region

Figure 1. Carbon emissions by sector
Figure 2. Overview of CCUS market
Figure 3. Pathways for CO2 use
Figure 4. Regional capacity share 2022-2030
Figure 5. Global investment in carbon capture 2010-2022, millions USD
Figure 6. Carbon Capture, Utilization, & Storage (CCUS) Market Map
Figure 7. CCS deployment projects, historical and to 2035
Figure 8. Existing and planned CCS projects
Figure 9. CCUS Value Chain
Figure 10. Schematic of CCUS process
Figure 11. Pathways for CO2 utilization and removal
Figure 12. A pre-combustion capture system
Figure 13. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle
Figure 14. Various pathways for CO2 utilization
Figure 15. Example of underground carbon dioxide storage
Figure 16. Transport of CCS technologies
Figure 17. Railroad car for liquid CO2 transport
Figure 18. Estimated costs of capture of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (Co2) by sector
Figure 19. Cost of CO2 transported at different flowrates
Figure 20. Cost estimates for long-distance CO2 transport
Figure 21. CO2 capture and separation technology
Figure 22. Global capacity of point-source carbon capture and storage facilities
Figure 23. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2021
Figure 24. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2030
Figure 25. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 endpoint, 2021 and 2030
Figure 26. Post-combustion carbon capture process
Figure 27. Postcombustion CO2 Capture in a Coal-Fired Power Plant
Figure 28. Oxy-combustion carbon capture process
Figure 29. Liquid or supercritical CO2 carbon capture process
Figure 30. Pre-combustion carbon capture process
Figure 31. Amine-based absorption technology
Figure 32. Pressure swing absorption technology
Figure 33. Membrane separation technology
Figure 34. Liquid or supercritical CO2 (cryogenic) distillation
Figure 35. Process schematic of chemical looping
Figure 36. Calix advanced calcination reactor
Figure 37. Fuel Cell CO2 Capture diagram
Figure 38. Microalgal carbon capture
Figure 39. Cost of carbon capture
Figure 40. CO2 capture capacity to 2030, MtCO2
Figure 41. Capacity of large-scale CO2 capture projects, current and planned vs. the Net Zero Scenario, 2020-2030
Figure 42. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) process
Figure 43. CO2 captured from air using liquid and solid sorbent DAC plants, storage, and reuse
Figure 44. Global CO2 capture from biomass and DAC in the Net Zero Scenario
Figure 45. DAC technologies
Figure 46. Schematic of Climeworks DAC system
Figure 47. Climeworks’ first commercial direct air capture (DAC) plant, based in Hinwil, Switzerland
Figure 48. Flow diagram for solid sorbent DAC
Figure 49. Direct air capture based on high temperature liquid sorbent by Carbon Engineering
Figure 50. Global capacity of direct air capture facilities
Figure 51. Global map of DAC and CCS plants
Figure 52. Schematic of costs of DAC technologies
Figure 53. DAC cost breakdown and comparison
Figure 54. Operating costs of generic liquid and solid-based DAC systems
Figure 55. Schematic of biochar production
Figure 56. CO2 non-conversion and conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages
Figure 57. Applications for CO2
Figure 58. Cost to capture one metric ton of carbon, by sector
Figure 59. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services
Figure 60. Co2 utilization pathways and products
Figure 61. Plasma technology configurations and their advantages and disadvantages for CO2 conversion
Figure 62. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process
Figure 63. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels
Figure 64. Econic catalyst systems
Figure 65. Mineral carbonation processes
Figure 66. Conversion route for CO2-derived fuels and chemical intermediates
Figure 67. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived methane, methanol and diesel
Figure 68. CO2 feedstock for the production of e-methanol
Figure 69. Schematic illustration of (a) biophotosynthetic, (b) photothermal, (c) microbial-photoelectrochemical, (d) photosynthetic and photocatalytic (PS/PC), (e) photoelectrochemical (PEC), and (f) photovoltaic plus electrochemical (PV EC) approaches for CO2 c
Figure 70. Audi synthetic fuels
Figure 71. Conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels via different pathways
Figure 72. Conversion pathways for CO2-derived polymeric materials
Figure 73. Conversion pathway for CO2-derived building materials
Figure 74. Schematic of CCUS in cement sector
Figure 75. Carbon8 Systems’ ACT process
Figure 76. CO2 utilization in the Carbon Cure process
Figure 77. Algal cultivation in the desert
Figure 78. Example pathways for products from cyanobacteria
Figure 79. Typical Flow Diagram for CO2 EOR
Figure 80. Large CO2-EOR projects in different project stages by industry
Figure 81. Carbon mineralization pathways
Figure 82. CO2 Storage Overview - Site Options
Figure 83. CO2 injection into a saline formation while producing brine for beneficial use
Figure 84. Subsurface storage cost estimation
Figure 85. Air Products production process
Figure 86. Aker carbon capture system
Figure 87. ALGIECEL PhotoBioReactor
Figure 88. Schematic of carbon capture solar project
Figure 89. Aspiring Materials method
Figure 90. Aymium’s Biocarbon production
Figure 91. Carbonminer technology
Figure 92. Carbon Blade system
Figure 93. CarbonCure Technology
Figure 94. Direct Air Capture Process
Figure 95. CRI process
Figure 96. PCCSD Project in China
Figure 97. Orca facility
Figure 98. Process flow scheme of Compact Carbon Capture Plant
Figure 99. Colyser process
Figure 100. ECFORM electrolysis reactor schematic
Figure 101. Dioxycle modular electrolyzer
Figure 102. Fuel Cell Carbon Capture
Figure 103. Topsoe's SynCORTM autothermal reforming technology
Figure 104. Carbon Capture balloon
Figure 105. Holy Grail DAC system
Figure 106. INERATEC unit
Figure 107. Infinitree swing method
Figure 108. Audi/Krajete unit
Figure 109. Made of Air's HexChar panels
Figure 110. Mosaic Materials MOFs
Figure 111. Neustark modular plant
Figure 112. OCOchem’s Carbon Flux Electrolyzer
Figure 113. ZerCaL™ process
Figure 114. CCS project at Arthit offshore gas field
Figure 115. RepAir technology
Figure 116. Soletair Power unit
Figure 117. Sunfire process for Blue Crude production
Figure 118. CALF-20 has been integrated into a rotating CO2 capture machine (left), which operates inside a CO2 plant module (right)
Figure 119. O12 Reactor
Figure 120. Sunglasses with lenses made from CO2-derived materials
Figure 121. CO2 made car part