The Global Market for Hydrogen Technology and Production 2023-2033

2.1 Hydrogen classification
2.2 Global energy demand and consumption
2.3 The hydrogen economy and production
2.4 Hydrogen value chain
2.5 National hydrogen initiatives
2.6 Market challenges

3.1 Industry developments 2020-2023
3.2 Start-up and investment funding
3.3 National hydrogen initiatives
3.4 Market map
3.5 Global hydrogen production
3.5.1 Current Annual H2 Production
3.5.2 Hydrogen production processes
3.5.3 Production costs
3.5.4 Global hydrogen demand forecasts
3.6 Green hydrogen
3.6.1 Role in energy transition
3.6.2 Electrolyzer technologies
3.6.2.1 Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE)
3.6.2.2 Anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis
3.6.2.3 PEM water electrolysis
3.6.2.4 Solid oxide water electrolysis
3.6.3 Market players
3.7 Blue hydrogen (low-carbon hydrogen)
3.7.1 Advantages over green hydrogen
3.7.2 Production technologies
3.7.2.1 Steam-methane reforming (SMR)
3.7.2.2 Autothermal reforming (ATR)
3.7.2.3 Partial oxidation (POX)
3.7.2.4 Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (SE-SMR)
3.7.2.5 Methane pyrolysis (Turquoise hydrogen)
3.7.2.6 Coal gasification
3.7.2.7 Advanced autothermal gasification (AATG)
3.7.2.8 Biomass processes
3.7.2.9 Microwave technologies
3.7.2.10 Dry reforming
3.7.2.11 Plasma Reforming
3.7.2.12 Solar SMR
3.7.2.13 Tri-Reforming of Methane
3.7.2.14 Membrane-assisted reforming
3.7.2.15 Catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX)
3.7.2.16 Chemical looping combustion (CLC)
3.7.3 Projects
3.7.4 Carbon capture
3.7.4.1 Pre-Combustion vs. Post-Combustion carbon capture
3.7.4.2 What is CCUS?
3.7.4.3 Carbon Utilization
3.7.4.4 Carbon storage
3.7.4.5 Transporting CO2
3.7.4.6 Costs
3.7.4.7 Market map
3.7.4.8 Point-source carbon capture for blue hydrogen
3.7.4.9 Carbon utilization
3.7.5 Blue hydrogen process materials
3.7.5.1 Catalysts
3.7.5.2 Membranes
3.7.5.3 Vessel materials
3.7.6 Market players
3.8 Hydrogen Storage and Transport
3.8.1 Market overview
3.8.2 Market players
3.9 Hydrogen Fuel Cells
3.9.1 Market overview
3.9.2 Market players
3.10 Hydrogen Vehicles
3.10.1 Market overview
3.10.2 Market players

Table 1. Hydrogen colour shades, Technology, cost, and CO2 emissions.
Table 2. Overview of hydrogen production methods.
Table 3. National hydrogen initiatives.
Table 4. Market challenges in the hydrogen economy and production technologies.
Table 5. Hydrogen industry developments 2020-2023.
Table 6. Hydrogen start-up and investment funding.
Table 7. National hydrogen initiatives.
Table 8. Hydrogen production processes and stage of development.
Table 9. Estimated costs of clean hydrogen production.
Table 10. Characteristics of typical water electrolysis technologies
Table 11. Advantages and disadvantages of water electrolysis technologies.
Table 12. Market players in green hydrogen (electrolyzers).
Table 13. Key players in methane pyrolysis.
Table 14. Blue hydrogen projects using Coal gasification (CG.
Table 15. Biomass processes summary.
Table 16. Blue hydrogen projects.
Table 17. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
Table 18. Approaches for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from point sources.
Table 19. CO2 capture technologies.
Table 20. Advantages and challenges of carbon capture technologies.
Table 21. Overview of commercial materials and processes utilized in carbon capture.
Table 22. Methods of CO2 transport.
Table 23. Carbon capture, transport, and storage cost per unit of CO2
Table 24. Estimated capital costs for commercial-scale carbon capture.
Table 25. Point source examples.
Table 26. Assessment of carbon capture materials
Table 27. Chemical solvents used in post-combustion.
Table 28. Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture.
Table 29. Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$).
Table 30. CO2 utilization and removal pathways.
Table 31. Market challenges for CO2 utilization.
Table 32. Example CO2 utilization pathways.
Table 33. CO2 derived products via Thermochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 34. Electrochemical CO2 reduction products.
Table 35. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 36. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 37. Companies developing and producing CO2-based polymers.
Table 38. Companies developing mineral carbonation technologies.
Table 39. Market players in blue hydrogen.
Table 40. Market overview- hydrogen storage and transport.
Table 41. Market players in hydrogen storage and transport.
Table 42. Market overview- hydrogen fuel cells.
Table 43. Market players in hydrogen fuel cells.
Table 44. Market overview- hydrogen vehicles.
Table 45. Market players in hydrogen vehicles.

Figure 1. Hydrogen value chain.
Figure 2. Market map for hydrogen technology and production.
Figure 3. Current Annual H2 Production.
Figure 4. Global hydrogen demand forecast.
Figure 5. Schematic of alkaline water electrolysis working principle.
Figure 6. Schematic of AEM water electrolysis working principle.
Figure 7. Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer.
Figure 8. Schematic of PEM water electrolysis working principle.
Figure 9. Schematic of solid oxide water electrolysis working principle.
Figure 10. SMR process flow diagram of steam methane reforming with carbon capture and storage (SMR-CCS).
Figure 11. Process flow diagram of autothermal reforming with a carbon capture and storage (ATR-CCS) plant.
Figure 12. POX process flow diagram.
Figure 13. Non-Catalytic Partial Oxidation with dual syngas coolers to generate high-pressure steam (Shell).
Figure 14. Process flow diagram for a typical SE-SMR.
Figure 15. Methane pyrolysis process flow diagram.
Figure 16. Coal gasification (CG) process.
Figure 17. Flow diagram of Advanced autothermal gasification (AATG).
Figure 18. Schematic of CCUS process.
Figure 19. Pathways for CO2 utilization and removal.
Figure 20. A pre-combustion capture system.
Figure 21. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle.
Figure 22. Various pathways for CO2 utilization.
Figure 23. Example of underground carbon dioxide storage.
Figure 24. Transport of CCS technologies.
Figure 25. Railroad car for liquid CO2 transport
Figure 26. CCUS market map.
Figure 27. Estimated costs of capture of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (Co2) by sector.
Figure 28. Global capacity of point-source carbon capture and storage facilities.
Figure 29. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2021.
Figure 30. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2030.
Figure 31. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 endpoint, 2021 and 2030.
Figure 32. Post-combustion carbon capture process.
Figure 33. Postcombustion CO2 Capture in a Coal-Fired Power Plant.
Figure 34. Oxy-combustion carbon capture process.
Figure 35. Liquid or supercritical CO2 carbon capture process.
Figure 36. Pre-combustion carbon capture process.
Figure 37. CO2 non-conversion and conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages.
Figure 38. Applications for CO2.
Figure 39. Cost to capture one metric ton of carbon, by sector.
Figure 40. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services.
Figure 41. Co2 utilization pathways and products.
Figure 42. Plasma technology configurations and their advantages and disadvantages for CO2 conversion.
Figure 43. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process.
Figure 44. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels.
Figure 45. Econic catalyst systems.
Figure 46. Mineral carbonation processes.
Figure 47. Enapter - Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) Water Electrolysis.
Figure 48. KEYOU-H2-Technology.
Figure 49. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell.
Figure 50. Tevva hydrogen truck.