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Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Edition No. 1

  • Book

  • 1260 Pages
  • August 2015
  • John Wiley and Sons Ltd
  • ID: 2674293

Nitrogen is arguably the most important nutrient required by plants. However, the availability of nitrogen is limited in many soils and although the earth's atmosphere consists of 78.1% nitrogen gas (N2) plants are unable to use this form of nitrogen. To compensate , modern agriculture has been highly reliant on industrial nitrogen fertilizers to achieve maximum crop productivity. However, a great deal of fossil fuel is required for the production and delivery of nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover carbon dioxide (CO2) which is released during fossil fuel combustion contributes to the greenhouse effect and run off of nitrate leads to eutrophication of the waterways. Biological nitrogen fixation is an alternative to nitrogen fertilizer. It is carried out by prokaryotes using an enzyme complex called nitrogenase and results in atmospheric N2 being reduced into a form of nitrogen diazotrophic organisms and plants are able to use (ammonia). It is this process and its major players which will be discussed in this book.

Biological Nitrogen Fixation is a comprehensive two volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in nitrogen fixation. Chapters across both volumes emphasize molecular techniques and advanced biochemical analysis approaches applicable to various aspects of biological nitrogen fixation.

Volume 1 explores the chemistry and biochemistry of nitrogenases, nif gene regulation, the taxonomy, evolution, and genomics of nitrogen fixing organisms, as well as their physiology and metabolism.

Volume 2 covers the symbiotic interaction of nitrogen fixing organisms with their host plants, including nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, plant and microbial "omics", cyanobacteria, diazotrophs and non-legumes, field studies and inoculum preparation, as well as nitrogen fixation and cereals.

Covering the full breadth of current nitrogen fixation research and expanding it towards future advances in the field, Biological Nitrogen Fixation will be a one-stop reference for microbial ecologists and environmental microbiologists as well as plant and agricultural researchers working on crop sustainability.

Table of Contents

Biological Nitrogen Fixation

VOLUME 1

Chapter 1. Introduction  

Frans J. de Bruijn

Section 1. Focus Chapters

Chapter 2. Recent advances in Understanding Nitrogenases and How They Work 

William Newton

Chapter 3. Evolution and Taxonomy of Nitrogen-fixing Organisms with emphasis on Rhizobia 

Kristina Lindstrom

Chapter 4. Evolution of Rhizobium Nodulation: From Nodule Specific Genes (Nodulins) to Recruitment of Common Processes

Ton Bisseling

Chapter 5. Bioengineering Nitrogen Acquisition in Rice: Promises for Global Food Security

Herbert Kronzucker

Section 2. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nitrogenases

Chapter 6. An Overview of Fe-S Protein Biogenesis from Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes   

Mahipal Kesawat

Chapter 7. Biosynthesis of the Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor of Nitrogenase

Luis Rubio

Chapter 8. Distribution and Ecological Niches of Nitrogenases

Alexander Glazer

Section 3. Expression and Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation Genes and Nitrogenase

Chapter 9. Regulation of nif Gene Expression in Azotobacter vinelandii 

Cesar Poza-Carrion, Luis Rubio

Chapter 10. Coupling of Regulation between Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism in Nitrogen Fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501

Lin Min

Chapter 11. Regulation of NItrogen Fixation and Molybdenum Transport in Rhodobacter capsulatus

Bernd Masepohl

Chapter 12.  Metabolic Regulation of Nitrogenase Activity in Rhodospirillum rubrum: The Role of PII Proteins and Membrane Sequestration

Stefan Nordlund  

Chapter 13. How Does the DraG-PII Complex Regulate Nitrogenase Activity in Azospirillum brasilense?

Xiao-Dan Li

Chapter 14. Fe Protein Over-expression Can Enhance the Nitrogenase Activity of Azotobacter vinelandii 

Papri Nag

Chapter 15. FNR-like Proteins in Rhizobia: Past and Future

Lourdes Girard

Section 4. Taxonomy and Evolution of Nitrogen Fixing Organisms

Chapter 16. Exploring Alternative Paths for the Evolution of Biological Nitrogen Fixation 

John Peters

Chapter 17. Phylogeny, Diversity, Geographical Distribution and Host Range of Legume-Nodulating Betaproteobacteria: What Is the Role of Plant Taxonomy?

Lionel Moulin, Euan James  

Chapter 18. Bradyrhizobium, The Ancestor of All Rhizobia: Phylogeny of Housekeeping and Nitrogen-fixation Genes

Mariangela Hungria

Chapter 19. Interaction between Host and Rhizobial Strains: Affinities and Coevolution 

Mario Aguilar

Chapter 20. Assessment of Nitrogenase Diversity in the Environment  

Daniel Buckley

Section 5. Genomics of  Nitrogen Fixing Organisms

Chapter 21. Genetic Regulation of Symbiosis Island Transfer in Mesorhizobium loti

Joshua Ramsay, Clive Ronson

Chapter  22. The Azotobacter vinelandii Genome: An Update

Joao C. Setubal

Chapter 23. The Genome Sequence of the Novel Rhizobial Species Microvirga lotononidis Strain WSM3557. 

Julie Ardley

Chapter 24. Genome Characteristics of Frankia sp. Reflect Host Range and Host Plant Biogeography

Philippe Normand, David Benson 

Chapter 25. Core and Accessory Henomes of The Diazotroph Azospirillum 

Florence Wisniewski-Dye

Chapter 26. Pangenome Evolution in The Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixer Sinorhizobium meliloti

Marco Galardini

Chapter  27. Pangenomic Analysis of The Rhizobiales Using The GET_HOMOLOGUES Software Package  

Pablo Vinuesa

Section 6. Physiology and Metabolism of Nitrogen Fixing Organisms

Chapter 28. Metabolism of Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobia During Root and Stem Symbiosis with Aeschynomene legumes 

Benjamin Gourion

Chapter 29. A Plethora of Terminal Oxidases and Their Biogenesis Factors in Bradyrhizobium japonicum 

Hauke Hennecke

Chapter 30. Rhizobial Extracytoplasmic Function (ECF) Factors and Their Role in Oxidative Stress Response of Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Hans-Martin Fischer

Chapter 31. Role of the Bacterial BacA ABC-transporter in Chronic Infection of Nodule Cells by Rhizobium

Peter Mergaert

Chapter 32. Molecular Keys to Broad Host Range in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234, USDA257 and HH103

Wolfgang Streit

Chapter 33. Motility and Chemotaxis in the Rhizobia

Michael Hynes

Chapter 34. The Pts/Ntr System Globally Regulates ATP-dependent Transporters in Rhizobium leguminosarum

Jurgen Prell

Section 7. Nitrogen Fixing Organisms, the Plant Rhizosphere and Stress Tolerance

Chapter 35. Actinorhizal Root Exudates Alter the Physiology, Surface Properties and Plant Infectivity of Frankia

Louis Tisa

Chapter 36. Exopolysaccharide Production in Rhizobia is Regulated by Environmental Factors  

Monika Janczarek

Chapter 37. Regulation of Symbiotically-Important Functions by Quorum Sensing in the Sinorhizobium meliloti-Alfalfa Interaction

Juan Gonzales

Chapter 38. Lumichrome as a Bacterial Signal Molecule Influencing Plant Growth

Felix Dakora   

Chapter 39. Genes Involved in Desiccation Resistance of Rhizobia and Other Bacteria

Michael Kahn

Chapter 40. The General Stress Response in Alpha-rhizobia 

Claude Bruand

Section 8. Physiology and Regulation of Nodulation

Chapter 41. The Root Hair: A Single Cell Model for Systems Biology

Marc Libault  

Chapter 42. How Transcriptomics Revealed New Information on Actinorhizal Symbioses Establishment and Evolution

Valerie Hocher

Chapter 43. Molecular Biology of Infection and Nodule Development in Discaria trinervisFrankia Actinorhizal Symbiosis

Sergio Svistoonoff

Chapter 44. Lotus japonicus Nodulates When It Sees Red

Akihiro Suzuki

Chapter 45.  Out of Water of A New Model Legume: The Nod-independent Aeschynomene evenia

Jean-Francois Arrighi

Chapter 46. Phosphorus Use Efficiency for N2 Fixation in The Rhizobial Symbiosis with Legumes 

Jean –Jacques Drevon  

Chapter 47. Regulation of Nodule Development by Short and Long Distance Auxin Transport 

Ulrike Mathesius

Chapter 48. Functional Analysis of Nitrogen-Fixing Root Nodule Symbioses Induced by Frankia: Transport and Metabolic Interactions

Alison Berry

Chapter 49. NOOT-dependent Control of Nodule Identity: Nodule Homeosis and Meristem Perturbation

Pascal Ratet

Volume 2

Section 9. Recognition in Nodulation

Chapter 50. Roles for Flavonoids in Symbiotic Root-Rhizosphere Interactions 

Ulrike Mathesius

Chapter 51. Nod Factor Recognition in Medicago truncatula

Jean Jacques Bono

Chapter 52. Role of Ectoapyrases in Nodulation

Gary Stacey

Chapter 53. Role of Rhizobium Cellulase CelC2 in Root Colonization and Infection 

Pedro Mateos 

Chapter 54. Nod Factor-Induced Calcium Signaling in Legumes

Giles Oldroyd

Chapter 55. Signalling and Communication between Actinorhizal Plants and Frankia During the Intracellular Symbiotic Process

Claudine Franche 

Section 10.   Infection and Nodule Ontogeny

Chapter 56. The Role of Hormones in Rhizobial Infection

Jeremy Murray  

Chapter 57. Nuclear Ca2+ Signaling Reveals Active Bacterial-Host Signaling throughout Rhizobial Infection in Root Hairs of Medicago truncatula

David Barker 

Chapter 58. A Pectate Lyase Required for Plant-Cell Wall Remodelling During Infection of Legumes by Rhizobia

Allan Downie 

Chapter 59. Dissecting The Roles in Outer and Inner Root Cell Layers of Plant Genes That Control Rhizobial Infection and Nodule Organogenesis 

Clare Gough 

Chapter 60. The Medicago truncatula NIP/LATD Transporter Is Essential for Nodulation and Appropriate Root Architecture

Rebecca Dickstein 

Chapter 61. A MYB Coiled Coil Type Transcription Factor Interacts with NSP2 and Is Essential for Nodulation in Lotus japonicus

Zhongming Zhang

Chapter 62. AP2/ERF Transcription Factors and Root Nodulation

Fernanda de Carvalo-Niebel 

Chapter 63. Identification of Medicago truncatula Genes Required for Rhizobial Invasion and Bacteroid Differentiation

Peter Kalo

Chapter 64. Multifacetted Roles of Nitric Oxide in Rhizobium-Legume Symbioses 

Eliane Meilhoc 

Chapter 65. Profiling Symbiotic Responses of Sinorhizobium fredii Strain NGR234 with RNA-seq 

Xavier Perret 

Chapter 66. Computational and Experimental Evidence That Auxin Accumulation in Nodule and Lateral Root Primordia Occurs by Different Mechanisms 

Eva Elisabeth Deinum   

Section 11.   Transitions from the Bacterial to the Bacteroid State

Chapter 67. Bacteroid Differentiation in Legume Nodules: Role of AMP-like Host Peptides in the Control of the Endosymbiont

Eva Kondorosi

Chapter 68. The Symbiosome Membrane

Penelope Smith

Section 12. Nitrogen Fixation, Assimilation and Senescence in Nodules

Chapter 69. Nodulin Intrinsic Proteins: Facilitators of Water and Ammonia Transport across the Symbiosome Membrane

Daniel Roberts

Chapter 70. Leghemoglobins with Nitrated Hemes in Legume Root Nodule 

Manuel Becana

Chapter 71. The Role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylase Enzyme in Leguminous Nodule Senescence

Neung Teaumroong

Section 13. Microbial “Omics”

Chapter 72. Pool-Seq Analysis of Microsymbiont Selection by the Legume Plant Host

Juan Imperial

Chapter 73. Contribution of the RNA Chaperone Hfq to Environmental Fitness and Symbiosis in Sinorhizobium meliloti  

José I. Jimenes-Zurdo 

Chapter 74. Biodiversity, Symbiotic Efficiency and Genomics of Rhizobium tropici and Related Species

Mariangela Hungria

Chapter 75. The Frankia alni Symbiotic Transcriptome

Philippe Normand

Chapter 76. A Comprehensive Survey of Soil Rhizobiales Using High-Throughput DNA Sequencing 

Ryan Jones

Chapter 77. Gene Targeted Metagenomics of Diazotrophs in Coastal Saline Soil 

Bhanavath Jha 

Section 14.  Plant “Omics” and Functional Genetics

Chapter 78. The Medicago truncatula Genome 

Frederic Debellé 

Chapter 79. Leveraging Large-Scale Approaches to Dissect the Rhizobia-Legume Symbiosis

Oswaldo Valdes-Lopez  

Chapter 80. LegumeIP: An Integrative Platform for Comparative Genomics and Transcriptomics of Model Legumes

Patrick Xuechun Zhao

Chapter 81. Databases of Transcription Factors in Legumes

Lam-son Phan Tran

Chapter 82. Functional Genomics of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes with a Focus on Transcription Factors and Membrane Transporters 

Michael Udvardi    

Chapter 83. Retrotransposon (Tnt1)-insertion Mutagenesis in Medicago as a Tool for Genetic Dissection of Symbiosis in Legumes

Michael Udvardi    

Section 15.  Cyanobacteria and Archaea

Chapter 84. Marine Titrogen Fixation: Organisms, Significance, Enigmas and Future Directions 

Jonathan Zehr

Chapter 85. Requirement of Cell Wall Remodelling for Cell-Cell Communication and Cell Differentiation in Filamentous Cyanobacteria of the Order Nostocales 

Karl Forchhammer 

Chapter 86. Nitrogen Fixation in the Oxygenic Phototrophic Prokaryotes (Cyanobacteria): The Fight Against Oxygen

Enrique Flores 

Chapter 87. Underestimation of Marine Dinitrogen Fixation: A Novel Method and Novel Diazotrophic Habitats

Ruth Schmitz

Section 16. Diazotrophic Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Non-Legumes

Chapter 88. One Hundred Years Discovery of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizobacteria

Claudine Elmerich

Chapter 89. Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes: Perspectives on the Diversity and Evolution of Nodulation by Rhizobium and Burkholderia Species

Ann Hirsch

Chapter 90. Agronomic Applications of Azospirillum and Other PGPR

Yaacov Okon

Chapter 91. Auxin Signaling in Azospirillum brasilense: A Proteome Analysis

Stijn Spaepen 

Chapter 92. Genetic and Functional Characterization of Paenibacillus riograndensis: A Novel Plant Growth Promoting Bacterium Isolated from Wheat

Luciane Passaglia

Chapter 93. Role of Herbaspirillum seropedicae LPS in Plant Colonization

Rose Adele Monteiro

Chapter 94. Culture-independent Assessment of Diazotrophic Bacteria in Sugarcane and Isolation of Bradyrhizobium spp. from Field Grown Sugarcane Plants Using Legume Trap Plants

Anton Hartmann

Chapter  95. How Fertilization Affects the Selection of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria by Host Plants

Luciane Passaglia 

Section 17. Field Studies, Inoculum Preparation, Applications of Nod Factors

Chapter 96. Appearance of Membrane Compromised, Viable But Not Culturable and Culturable Rhizobial Cells As A Consequence of Desiccation

Jan Vriezen

Chapter 97. Making the Most of High Quality Inoculants

Rosalind Deaker

Chapter 98. Rhizobiophages As Markers in The Selection of Symbiotically Efficient Rhizobia for Legumes

Felix Dakora

Chapter 99. Nitrogen Fixation with Soybean: The Perfect Symbiosis? 

Mariangela Hungria 

Chapter 100. Nodule Functioning and Symbiotic Efficiency of Cowpea and Soybean Varieties in Africa

Flora Pule Meulenberg

Chapter 101. Microbial Quality of Commercial Inoculants to Increase BNF and Nutrient Use Efficiency

Didier Lesueur

Chapter  102. Developed Fungal-Bacterial Biofilms Having Nitrogen Fixers: Universal Biofertilizers for Legumes and Non-legumes

H.M. Herath 

Chapter 103. Phenotypic Variation in Azospirillum spp. and Other Root-Associated Bacteria 

Anton Hartmann

Chapter 104. The physiological mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in rhizobia 

Andrea Casteriano

Chapter 105. Food Grain Legumes: Their Contribution to Soil Fertility and Human Nutrition and Health in Africa 

Felix Dakora

Chapter 106. Plant Breeding for Biological Nitrogen Fixation: A Review 

Peter Kennedy

Chapter 107. LCO Applications Provide Improved Responses with Legumes and Non-legumes 

Stewart Smith

Section 18  Nitrogen Fixation and Cereals

Chapter 108. The Quest for Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Cereals : A Perspective and Prospective

Frans J. de Bruijn    

Chapter 109. Environmental and Economic Impacts of Biological N2 Fixing (BNF) Cereal Crops 

Perrin Beatty 

Chapter 110. Conservation of the Symbiotic Signalling Pathway between Legumes and Cereals: Did Nodulation Constraints Drive Legume Symbiotic Genes to Become Specialised During Evolution? 

Charles Rosenberg

Chapter 111. Occurrence and Ecophysiology of the Natural Endophytic Rhizobium-rice Association, and Translational Assessment of its Biofertilizer Performance within the Egypt Nile Delta 

Youssef Yanni

Section 19. Concluding Chapters

Chapter 112. The Relevance of N-fixation and N-recyling for Insect Biomass and N-balances of Ecosystems

Martin Heil  

Chapter 113. Rapid Identification of Nodule Bacteria with MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry 

Xavier Perret 

Chapter 114. The Microbe-Free Plant: Fact or Artefact? 

Martin Heil     

 

 

Authors

Frans J. de Bruijn