Advances - IEEE 802.15 and Related Developments - Second Edition
PracTel Inc, August 2012, Pages +: 170
This report addresses the progress in the development technologies, applications and markets that are emerging under the umbrella of the IEEE 802.15 standards family (wireless PAN WG). Particularly, the following standards were explored:
- 802.15.6: Body Area Networks
- 802.15.4j: Medical Body Area Networks
- 802.15.4e: WPAN Enhancements
- 802.15.4k: Low Energy Critical Infrastructure Monitoring
- 802.15.4g: Smart Utility Networks
- 802.15.7: Visible Light Communications
- 802.15.8: Peer Aware Communications.
Some of these standards are intended to support technologies with very low power consumption; and power harvesting for sensors/radios is also addressed in the report. The report also concentrates on related developments in connection with discussed standards.
This is the second edition of the report, and it reflects changes from 2010-2011 issue – the IEEE 802.15 technologies and markets are developing rapidly
The report includes a detail analysis of vendors’ portfolios in the related industries.
The report is written for a wide audience of technical and managerial staff involved in the design and implementation of WPANs.
Research Methodology
Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed; evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was also conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.
The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.
Target Audience
The report is useful for service providers, IT departments of hospitals and other medical organizations, retail operators, vendors, network operators and managers, investors and end users seeking to gain a deeper understanding of new trends in the wireless communications. For systems integrators, the report provides an analysis and assessment of competing products currently available as well as an estimation of the overall opportunities in the coming years.
1.0 Introduction
1.1 General
1.2 Wireless Body Area Networks and Medical Body Area Networks
1.2.1 Definitions
1.2.2 FCC Efforts
1.2.2.1 Spectrum
1.2.2.2 Rules
1.3 Smart Utility Networks
1.4 Visible Light Communications
1.5 Low Energy Critical Infrastructure Monitoring (LECIM)
1.6 WPAN Enhancements
1.7 Peer Aware Communications
1.8 Active RFID
1.9 Research Methodology
1.10 Target Audience
2.0 Body Area Networks and Related Issues
2.1 General
2.1.1 Reasons
2.2 Details
2.2.1 Structure
2.3 Highlights
2.4 Groups
2.4.1 By Application
2.4.2 By Transmission Media
2.4.3 By Number of Nodes
2.4.4 By Environment
2.4.5 By Radio Type
2.4.6 By Source
2.4.7 By Response
2.4.8 By Power Supply Type
2.4.9 User Groups
2.5 BAN - Standardization Process
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Wireless BAN – IEEE 802.15.6
2.5.2.1 Requirements
2.5.2.2 IEEE 802.15.6 Activity
2.5.2.3 Status and Approval
2.5.2.3.1 Purpose
2.5.2.4 Major Characteristics
2.5.2.4.1 Traffic Types
2.5.2.4.2 PHY: Details
2.5.2.4.3 MAC Layer
2.5.3 Medical BAN - MBAN
2.5.3.1 FCC
2.5.3.2 IEEE 802.15.4j Details
2.5.3.2.1 Purpose
2.5.3.2.2 Status
2.5.3.2.3 IEEE 802.15.6 and IEEE 802.15.4j
2.5.3.2.4 Technical Details
2.6 ISO/IEEE 11073
2.6.1 Example – ISO/IEEE 11073 – 10471:2010
2.7 Continua
2.7.1 ZigBee: Personal, Home and Hospital Care (PHHC) Profile
2.7.1.1 Objectives
2.7.1.2 Details
2.7.1.3 Major Services
2.7.2 Bluetooth: Medical Profile
2.7.2.1 IEEE 11073 and BT
2.8 WBAN Applications and Market
2.8.1 Applications: Summary
2.8.1.1 Applications in Healthcare and Fitness
2.8.1.2 Status
2.8.2 WBAN for First Responders and Military
2.8.3 Market Estimate
2.9 Samples: Vendors
Bodymedia
FRWD
GuardRFID
Nokia
Suunto
Toumaz
Vivago
Zarlink (Microsemi)
2.10 Current and Future Trends-Getting Closer to WBAN
3.0 Visible Light Communications
3.1 General
3.1.1 Free Space Optics and VLC
3.2 Details
3.2.1 Communications Channel
3.2.2 Transmitter
3.2.3 Receiver
3.3 VLC Channel Parameters
3.3.1 Frequencies and Modulation
3.3.2 Characteristics
3.3.3 Advances
3.3.4 Limiting Factors
3.4 LED Evolution
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Development and Market
3.5 Applications
3.6 VLC Standards Development
3.6.1 The IEEE
3.6.1.1 Conditions
3.6.1.2 Project
3.6.1.2.1 General
3.6.1.2.1.1 Highlights
3.6.1.3 Details
3.6.1.3.1 PHYs
3.6.1.3.2 MAC Sub-layer
3.6.1.3.3 Summary
3.6.2 Jeita (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association)
3.6.3 Visible Light Communications Consortium (VLCC)
3.6.3.1 General
3.6.3.2 Experimental Systems - VLCC Projects
3.6.4 Companies and Organizations
Universities
ECMA
ITU-T SG16
Casio
Intel
LVX System
Nakagawa Laboratories
NEC
Siemens
Tamura
Wireless Word Research Forum (WWRF)
4.0 IEEE 802.15.4g: ICT for Smart Grid
4.1 Structure
4.2 Requirements
4.3 IEEE-802.15.4g-Smart Utility Networks
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Purpose
4.3.3 Need
4.3.4 Value
4.3.5 Overview - PHY
4.3.6 Regions
4.3.6.1 Frequencies Allocations
4.3.7 Details
4.3.7.1 Requirements: Major Characteristics
4.3.7.2 Considerations
4.3.7.3 Network Requirements
4.3.7.4 PHY/MAC Modifications
4.3.7.5 Market
4.3.8 Summary
4.3.9 Wi-SUN
4.3.10 Examples: Manufacturers
Accent
Analog Devices
Elster
NICT
5.0 IEEE 802.15 - Role of Power Harvesting
5.1 General
5.2 Methods
5.3 Batteries
5.4 Power Harvesting Technologies
5.4.1 Energy Sources
5.4.2 Market
5.4.3 Industry
AdaptivEnergy
Advanced Cerametrics
Advanced Linear Devices
AD Hoc Electronics
AmbioSystems
Ambient Micro
Cymbet
EnOcean
GreenPeak
GreyStone
KCF
Microstrain
Micropelt
Noliac
Nokia
Perpetuum
Perpetua
Powercast
Schneider Electric
TI
Zarlink (Microsemi)
6.0 802.15.4k: Low Energy Critical Infrastructure Monitoring (LECIM)
6.1 General
6.2 Goal
6.2.1 Scope
6.3 Requirements
6.4 Future
7.0 IEEE 802.15.4e
7.1 General
7.1.1 Chinese WPAN
7.2 Major Features
7.2.1 Minimizing Power Consumption
7.3 Summary
8.0 Active RFID
8.1 Definition and Classification
8.2 General – Active RFID
8.3 DASH7 Technology and Applications
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Specifics
8.3.3 DASH7 Alliance
8.3.3.1 Specification
8.3.3.1.1 Physical Layer - PHY
8.3.3.1.2 Data Layer
8.3.3.1.3 Network Layer
8.3.3.1.4 Higher Layers
8.3.3.1.5 General Characteristics
8.3.3.1.6 433 MHz Transmission
8.4 ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009
8.4.1 Purpose
8.4.2 Applications and Industry
Agaidi
Evigia
Hi-G-Tek
Identec Solutions
Savi
TI
WiHart Systems
8.5 IEEE 802.15.4f
8.5.1 Status
8.5.2 Major Features
8.5.3 Purpose
8.5.4 PHY
8.5.5 Beginning
Zebra Technologies
8.5.6 Market Characteristics
9.0 IEEE 802.15.8
9.1 Scope
9.2 Purpose
9.3 Structure: Layers
9.4 Topology
9.5 Operating Frequencies
9.6 Range and Data Rate
9.7 Power management
9.8 Security
9.9 Mobility Requirements
10.0 Conclusions
Appendix I: IEEE802.15.4g Characteristics
Figure 1: TAM: U.S. WICT Spending in Health Care ($B)
Figure 2: Sensor
Figure 3: BAN Characteristics
Figure 4: Architecture
Figure 5: Timeline
Figure 6: Proposed Spectrum – WBAN
Figure 7: PHYs
Figure 8: ISO/IEEE 11073 Protocol Family
Figure 9: BT HDP Building Blocks
Figure 10: TAM: U.S. WBAN Equipment Sales-In-home Fitness (Age Group 20-45 years) $M US
Figure 11: TAM: U.S. WBAN Equipment Sales-In-home Fitness (Age Group 45 and up) $M US
Figure 12: Addressable Market: U.S. WBAN Equipment Sales-Hospitals- $M US
Figure 13: Addressable Market-U.S. First Responders WBAN Equipment Sales ($M)
Figure 14: TAM: Medical Semiconductors ($B)
Figure 15: LED Modulation
Figure 16: Illustration-VLC Channel
Figure 17: Radio Spectrum
Figure 18: TAM – U.S. LED Sales ($B)
Figure 19: TAM – U.S. LED Sales (Mil Units)
Figure 20: Cost and Brightness- Light Sources
Figure 21: SUN Place
Figure 22: TAM Global SG SUN (IEEE802.15.4g) ($B)
Figure 23: Major Sources of Pollutions
Figure 24: TAM: Power Harvesting Network Elements Sales ($M)
Figure 25: Classification
Figure 26: Transmission Ranges
Figure 27: TAM: Global RFID/Active RFID ($B)
Table 1: IEEE 802.15 WGs (sample)
Table 2: Classification
Table 3: Spectrum Details
Table 4: NB PHY Spectrum
Table 5: NB Data Rates
Table 6: UWB PHY Frequencies
Table 7: UWB Characteristics
Table 8: HBC PHY
Table 9: MAC QoS
Table 10: Comparison- 802.15.6 and 802.15.4j
Table 11: Modulation
Table 12: WBAN Medical Applications
Table 13: VLC Properties
Table 14: VLC and RF Communications Applications Comparison
Table 15: Locations Technologies-VLC Place
Table 16: Sources
Table 17: Active Tag vs. Passive Tag
Table 18: Active RFID - Applications
Table 19: Mode 1 and Mode 2
Table 20: DASH7 - PHY
Table 21: 433 MHz Band Parameters
- AD Hoc Electronics
- AdaptivEnergy
- Advanced Cerametrics
- Advanced Linear Devices
- Ambient Micro
- AmbioSystems
- Analog Devices
- Bodymedia
- Casio
- Cymbet
- ECMA
- Elster
- EnOcean
- FRWD
- GreenPeak
- GreyStone
- GuardRFID
- ITU-T SG16
- Intel
- KCF
- LVX System
- Micropelt
- Microstrain
- NEC
- NICT
- Nakagawa Laboratories
- Nokia
- Noliac
- Perpetua
- Perpetuum
- Powercast
- Schneider Electric
- Siemens
- Suunto
- TI
- Tamura
- Toumaz
- Vivago
- Zarlink (Microsemi)
- Zarlink (Microsemi)Accent
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