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Advanced Glycation End Products - Global Strategic Business Report

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    Report

  • 373 Pages
  • May 2025
  • Region: Global
  • Global Industry Analysts, Inc
  • ID: 6087656
The global market for Advanced Glycation End Products was valued at US$1.7 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach US$2.3 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 5.3% from 2024 to 2030. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of market trends, drivers, and forecasts, helping you make informed business decisions. The report includes the most recent global tariff developments and how they impact the Advanced Glycation End Products market.

Global Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Market - Key Trends & Drivers Summarized

Why Are Advanced Glycation End Products Becoming Central to Chronic Disease Prevention and Therapeutic Research?

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) are toxic compounds formed through the non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These compounds accumulate in human tissues over time, particularly under conditions of high blood glucose and oxidative stress, and are now recognized as critical contributors to the pathogenesis of a wide range of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, chronic kidney disease, and age-related disorders. AGEs promote tissue stiffening, inflammation, and oxidative damage through receptor-mediated (RAGE) and non-receptor pathways - making their measurement, inhibition, and removal key areas of interest across medical diagnostics, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals.

The global rise in aging populations and the prevalence of lifestyle-related metabolic diseases has pushed AGEs into the spotlight as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Research is increasingly focused on the role AGEs play in accelerating cellular senescence, impairing endothelial function, and contributing to insulin resistance and Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Consequently, the market is expanding beyond clinical diagnostics to include AGE inhibitors, AGE breakers, dietary AGE-reduction strategies, and topical or injectable anti-AGE therapeutics for skin aging and wound healing.

How Are Technologies and Therapeutic Approaches Evolving Around AGE Detection and Neutralization?

Technological advancements are enhancing the detection, quantification, and clinical interpretation of AGEs. Fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ELISA-based assays, and skin autofluorescence devices are being deployed in research and clinical settings to monitor AGE levels non-invasively and assess tissue-specific accumulation. These diagnostic tools are proving valuable in early risk assessment for diabetic complications, cardiovascular health, and renal deterioration - particularly among elderly and pre-diabetic populations.

On the therapeutic front, several approaches are under development or investigation. AGE inhibitors such as aminoguanidine and pyridoxamine aim to block the formation of new AGEs, while AGE breakers like alagebrium are designed to cleave existing AGE crosslinks in tissues. Additionally, the modulation of RAGE signaling pathways using monoclonal antibodies or small molecule antagonists is being explored to reduce AGE-induced inflammation. Nutraceuticals rich in antioxidants (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol) are being marketed to limit endogenous AGE formation and scavenge free radicals, while dietary guidelines emphasize the reduction of exogenous AGEs from processed, high-heat foods such as grilled meats and baked goods.

What Public Health Concerns, Lifestyle Trends, and Clinical Demands Are Fueling Interest in AGE Management?

The global surge in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular morbidity is significantly increasing healthcare focus on AGE-related pathophysiology. Medical practitioners are seeking reliable biomarkers to predict disease progression, personalize treatment plans, and monitor therapeutic efficacy. AGEs are being integrated into risk stratification models for diabetic nephropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and cognitive decline. Additionally, skin autofluorescence and AGE assays are becoming adjunct tools in health screening programs, particularly in populations at risk for metabolic syndrome.

Consumer awareness of the links between AGEs and visible signs of aging - such as skin wrinkling, reduced elasticity, and hyperpigmentation - is driving interest in anti-AGE skincare products, oral supplements, and AGE-reducing diets. Lifestyle brands and wellness influencers are increasingly promoting low-AGE food preparation methods (e.g., steaming, boiling) and anti-inflammatory diets, further expanding the market beyond medical applications. In clinical nutrition, dietary AGE reduction is being advocated as a non-pharmacological intervention for elderly and diabetic patients to complement glycemic control and delay the onset of complications.

What Is Driving the Growth of the Advanced Glycation End Products Market Across Research, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics?

The growth in the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) market is driven by rising global disease burden, expanded research funding, and increasing integration of AGE-related metrics in both preventive healthcare and disease management strategies. In North America and Europe, significant progress is being made in AGE-related drug development, driven by strong institutional research ecosystems and aging demographics. Regulatory approvals for AGE-inhibiting compounds in clinical trials, and the inclusion of AGE diagnostics in chronic care protocols, are reinforcing regional market maturity.

In Asia-Pacific, the high prevalence of diabetes and rapid population aging are fueling interest in both clinical and consumer-grade AGE detection and prevention. Japan and South Korea are particularly active in combining AGE-targeted dermatological products with anti-aging medical technologies. China and India are expanding research around AGE-induced complications in diabetic patients, supported by growing investments in medical biotechnology and functional nutrition. Latin America and the Middle East are gradually integrating AGE risk screening into endocrinology and cardiology practices, particularly in urban centers.

Segment-wise, diagnostic tools and monitoring systems currently represent the largest share, but therapeutics - especially in the form of RAGE inhibitors, AGE blockers, and combination anti-glycation therapies - are expected to drive future growth. Nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals are expanding rapidly due to rising wellness trends and consumer interest in aging and metabolic health. As the link between AGEs and systemic deterioration becomes better understood, and as technology enables more precise, scalable, and patient-friendly interventions, the global AGEs market is poised to expand significantly - bridging clinical research, public health, and consumer lifestyle domains.

Report Scope

The report analyzes the Advanced Glycation End Products market, presented in terms of market value (US$ Thousand). The analysis covers the key segments and geographic regions outlined below.

Segments: Type (Non-Fluorescent AGEs, Fluorescent AGEs); Application (Diabetic, Cancer, Bone Diseases, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Other Applications); End-User (Hospitals, Specialty Clinics, Homecare Settings, Other End-Users).

Geographic Regions/Countries: World; United States; Canada; Japan; China; Europe (France; Germany; Italy; United Kingdom; Spain; Russia; and Rest of Europe); Asia-Pacific (Australia; India; South Korea; and Rest of Asia-Pacific); Latin America (Argentina; Brazil; Mexico; and Rest of Latin America); Middle East (Iran; Israel; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; and Rest of Middle East); and Africa.

Key Insights:

  • Market Growth: Understand the significant growth trajectory of the Non-Fluorescent AGEs segment, which is expected to reach US$1.4 Billion by 2030 with a CAGR of a 4.1%. The Fluorescent AGEs segment is also set to grow at 7.0% CAGR over the analysis period.
  • Regional Analysis: Gain insights into the U.S. market, valued at $462.0 Million in 2024, and China, forecasted to grow at an impressive 8.1% CAGR to reach $455.2 Million by 2030. Discover growth trends in other key regions, including Japan, Canada, Germany, and the Asia-Pacific.

Why You Should Buy This Report:

  • Detailed Market Analysis: Access a thorough analysis of the Global Advanced Glycation End Products Market, covering all major geographic regions and market segments.
  • Competitive Insights: Get an overview of the competitive landscape, including the market presence of major players across different geographies.
  • Future Trends and Drivers: Understand the key trends and drivers shaping the future of the Global Advanced Glycation End Products Market.
  • Actionable Insights: Benefit from actionable insights that can help you identify new revenue opportunities and make strategic business decisions.

Key Questions Answered:

  • How is the Global Advanced Glycation End Products Market expected to evolve by 2030?
  • What are the main drivers and restraints affecting the market?
  • Which market segments will grow the most over the forecast period?
  • How will market shares for different regions and segments change by 2030?
  • Who are the leading players in the market, and what are their prospects?

Report Features:

  • Comprehensive Market Data: Independent analysis of annual sales and market forecasts in US$ Million from 2024 to 2030.
  • In-Depth Regional Analysis: Detailed insights into key markets, including the U.S., China, Japan, Canada, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, and Africa.
  • Company Profiles: Coverage of players such as AbbVie Inc., Alma Lasers, Amadori Scientific, AstraZeneca plc, Bayer AG and more.
  • Complimentary Updates: Receive free report updates for one year to keep you informed of the latest market developments.

Some of the 34 companies featured in this Advanced Glycation End Products market report include:

  • AbbVie Inc.
  • Alma Lasers
  • Amadori Scientific
  • AstraZeneca plc
  • Bayer AG
  • Beiersdorf AG
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
  • Cell Biolabs, Inc.
  • DiabetOmics, Inc.
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Estée Lauder Companies
  • F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
  • Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
  • Glyscend Inc.
  • GSK plc
  • Johnson & Johnson Services Inc.
  • Kowa Company Ltd.
  • LabCorp
  • L'Oréal S.A.
  • Merck & Co., Inc.

Tariff Impact Analysis: Key Insights for 2025

Global tariff negotiations across 180+ countries are reshaping supply chains, costs, and competitiveness. This report reflects the latest developments as of April 2025 and incorporates forward-looking insights into the market outlook.

The analysts continuously track trade developments worldwide, drawing insights from leading global economists and over 200 industry and policy institutions, including think tanks, trade organizations, and national economic advisory bodies. This intelligence is integrated into forecasting models to provide timely, data-driven analysis of emerging risks and opportunities.

What's Included in This Edition:

  • Tariff-adjusted market forecasts by region and segment
  • Analysis of cost and supply chain implications by sourcing and trade exposure
  • Strategic insights into geographic shifts

Buyers receive a free July 2025 update with:

  • Finalized tariff impacts and new trade agreement effects
  • Updated projections reflecting global sourcing and cost shifts
  • Expanded country-specific coverage across the industry

Table of Contents

I. METHODOLOGYII. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. MARKET OVERVIEW
  • Influencer Market Insights
  • World Market Trajectories
  • Advanced Glycation End Products - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2025 (E)
  • Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2025 (E)
2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS
3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
  • Rising Awareness of AGE-Related Chronic Diseases (e.g., diabetes, CVD, aging) Fuels R&D
  • Growth in Functional Food and Nutraceutical Markets Encourages AGE Inhibitor Formulations
  • Scientific Evidence Linking AGEs to Cellular Aging Boosts Interest in Anti-AGE Therapies
  • Increase in Non-Invasive Diagnostic Research Enhances Detection of AGE Accumulation
  • Aging Population Drives Market for AGE-Targeted Skin and Cosmetic Applications
  • Integration of AGE Biomarkers in Clinical Research Expands Potential in Precision Medicine
  • Regulatory Interest in Food Processing and Thermal Byproducts Supports Product Reformulation
  • Nutritional Guidelines Advocating Low-AGE Diets Influence Health-Aware Consumer Behavior
  • Technological Advancements in AGE Measurement Support Research Commercialization
  • Growing Link Between AGEs and Neurodegenerative Disorders Strengthens Therapeutic Exploration
  • Personalized Nutrition Trends Spur Development of AGE-Mitigating Dietary Plans
4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
  • Table 1: World Advanced Glycation End Products Market Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2030
  • Table 2: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Advanced Glycation End Products by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 3: World Historic Review for Advanced Glycation End Products by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 4: World 15-Year Perspective for Advanced Glycation End Products by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 5: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Non-Fluorescent AGEs by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 6: World Historic Review for Non-Fluorescent AGEs by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 7: World 15-Year Perspective for Non-Fluorescent AGEs by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 8: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Fluorescent AGEs by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 9: World Historic Review for Fluorescent AGEs by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 10: World 15-Year Perspective for Fluorescent AGEs by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 11: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Homecare Settings by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 12: World Historic Review for Homecare Settings by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 13: World 15-Year Perspective for Homecare Settings by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 14: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other End-Users by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 15: World Historic Review for Other End-Users by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 16: World 15-Year Perspective for Other End-Users by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 17: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Hospitals by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 18: World Historic Review for Hospitals by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 19: World 15-Year Perspective for Hospitals by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 20: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Specialty Clinics by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 21: World Historic Review for Specialty Clinics by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 22: World 15-Year Perspective for Specialty Clinics by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 23: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Diabetic by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 24: World Historic Review for Diabetic by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 25: World 15-Year Perspective for Diabetic by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 26: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Cancer by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 27: World Historic Review for Cancer by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 28: World 15-Year Perspective for Cancer by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 29: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Bone Diseases by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 30: World Historic Review for Bone Diseases by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 31: World 15-Year Perspective for Bone Diseases by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 32: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Neurodegenerative Diseases by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 33: World Historic Review for Neurodegenerative Diseases by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 34: World 15-Year Perspective for Neurodegenerative Diseases by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • Table 35: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
  • Table 36: World Historic Review for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
  • Table 37: World 15-Year Perspective for Other Applications by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
III. MARKET ANALYSIS
UNITED STATES
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2025 (E)
CANADA
JAPAN
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2025 (E)
CHINA
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2025 (E)
EUROPE
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2025 (E)
FRANCE
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2025 (E)
GERMANY
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2025 (E)
ITALY
UNITED KINGDOM
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2025 (E)
SPAINRUSSIAREST OF EUROPE
ASIA-PACIFIC
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2025 (E)
AUSTRALIA
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Australia for 2025 (E)
INDIA
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in India for 2025 (E)
SOUTH KOREAREST OF ASIA-PACIFIC
LATIN AMERICA
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Latin America for 2025 (E)
ARGENTINABRAZILMEXICOREST OF LATIN AMERICA
MIDDLE EAST
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Middle East for 2025 (E)
IRANISRAELSAUDI ARABIAUNITED ARAB EMIRATESREST OF MIDDLE EAST
AFRICA
  • Advanced Glycation End Products Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Africa for 2025 (E)
IV. COMPETITION

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

  • AbbVie Inc.
  • Alma Lasers
  • Amadori Scientific
  • AstraZeneca plc
  • Bayer AG
  • Beiersdorf AG
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
  • Cell Biolabs, Inc.
  • DiabetOmics, Inc.
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Estée Lauder Companies
  • F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
  • Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
  • Glyscend Inc.
  • GSK plc
  • Johnson & Johnson Services Inc.
  • Kowa Company Ltd.
  • LabCorp
  • L'Oréal S.A.
  • Merck & Co., Inc.

Table Information