+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)
Strapping Machine Market - Global Forecast 2026-2032- Product Image
Strapping Machine Market - Global Forecast 2026-2032- Product Image
New

Strapping Machine Market - Global Forecast 2026-2032

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 187 Pages
  • January 2026
  • Region: Global
  • 360iResearch™
  • ID: 5181431
1h Free Analyst Time
Description Jump to:
1h Free Analyst Time

Speak directly to the analyst to clarify any post sales queries you may have.

Strapping machinery is rapidly evolving, becoming a central operational lever for industries seeking increased efficiency, cost predictability, and adaptable supply chain strategies. Senior decision-makers must weigh material, integration, and service dimensions to optimize long-term value in a market shaped by regulatory shifts and automation trends.

Market Snapshot: Strapping Machine Market Overview

The strapping machine market grew from USD 5.64 billion in 2025 to USD 6.05 billion in 2026, with a CAGR of 7.81%. It is expected to reach USD 9.55 billion by 2032, reflecting strong global demand as businesses modernize packaging lines and logistics. This growth is propelled by adoption across sectors prioritizing throughput, safety, and automation reliability.

Scope & Segmentation

This report provides comprehensive analysis across multiple axes, equipping leaders with clarity on operational, procurement, and commercial considerations:

  • Machine Types: Manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic systems varying in integration requirements and throughput suitability.
  • Component Categories: Sealing tools, tensioning units, dispensers, and tool bodies, each influencing maintainability and uptime.
  • Material Types: Steel, polyester, polypropylene, and hybrids, selected for application-specific durability and cost profiles.
  • Power Sources: Battery-driven mobile solutions, electric-powered lines, and pneumatic equipment for different operational environments.
  • End-Use Industries: E-commerce, logistics, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, manufacturing sectors, and retail requiring tailored solutions.
  • Key Regions: Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific with distinct adoption patterns and supplier presence.
  • Technology Adoption: Integration with digital monitoring, predictive maintenance, and modular component systems.

Key Takeaways for Senior Decision-Makers

  • Procurement strategies increasingly depend on equipment modularity to enhance sourcing flexibility and speed of component replacement.
  • Automated and semi-automatic machines are favored for high-throughput settings while small to mid-size enterprises lean toward adaptable manual solutions.
  • Material selection impacts both product lifecycle costs and regulatory compliance, with recyclability and lightweighting growing in influence.
  • Digital enablement—including real-time performance tracking and predictive service—supports reduced downtime and streamlined aftercare.
  • Vendor offerings now extend beyond machinery, encompassing service contracts, integration support, and certified training to deepen customer engagement.
  • Manufacturers invest in localized assembly and regional supply to mitigate trade risks and optimize lead times.

Tariff Impact on Sourcing and Supply Chain

Changes in United States tariff measures during 2025 required rapid adaptation in sourcing strategies. Procurement leaders re-evaluated supplier portfolios, favoring diversification, nearshoring, and inventory buffers to minimize exposure to trade policy shifts. Equipment design and modularity were prioritized to facilitate substitution of tariffed components, while compliance and classification expertise became critical for maintaining predictable operational margins.

Methodology & Data Sources

This analysis blends structured interviews with procurement and operations leaders, technical literature review, and iterative segmentation modeling. Insights were validated through cross-referencing primary feedback with supplier documentation, regulatory literature, and standards. This rigorous approach ensures accurate, actionable intelligence for B2B buyers.

Why This Report Matters

  • Enables senior executives to align procurement, engineering, and service plans to achieve measurable efficiency and resilience.
  • Clarifies the impact of technology, tariff, and material trends on lifecycle cost and operational performance.
  • Facilitates confident decision-making by illuminating the latest developments in digital enablement, modular design, and regional supply strategies.

Conclusion

Strapping machinery now serves as a strategic operational platform, demanding integrated procurement, engineering, and service alignment. This report equips leaders to navigate a shifting landscape and secure long-term value through deliberate equipment and supplier choices.

 

Additional Product Information:

  • Purchase of this report includes 1 year online access with quarterly updates.
  • This report can be updated on request. Please contact our Customer Experience team using the Ask a Question widget on our website.

Table of Contents

1. Preface
1.1. Objectives of the Study
1.2. Market Definition
1.3. Market Segmentation & Coverage
1.4. Years Considered for the Study
1.5. Currency Considered for the Study
1.6. Language Considered for the Study
1.7. Key Stakeholders
2. Research Methodology
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Research Design
2.2.1. Primary Research
2.2.2. Secondary Research
2.3. Research Framework
2.3.1. Qualitative Analysis
2.3.2. Quantitative Analysis
2.4. Market Size Estimation
2.4.1. Top-Down Approach
2.4.2. Bottom-Up Approach
2.5. Data Triangulation
2.6. Research Outcomes
2.7. Research Assumptions
2.8. Research Limitations
3. Executive Summary
3.1. Introduction
3.2. CXO Perspective
3.3. Market Size & Growth Trends
3.4. Market Share Analysis, 2025
3.5. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2025
3.6. New Revenue Opportunities
3.7. Next-Generation Business Models
3.8. Industry Roadmap
4. Market Overview
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Industry Ecosystem & Value Chain Analysis
4.2.1. Supply-Side Analysis
4.2.2. Demand-Side Analysis
4.2.3. Stakeholder Analysis
4.3. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
4.4. PESTLE Analysis
4.5. Market Outlook
4.5.1. Near-Term Market Outlook (0-2 Years)
4.5.2. Medium-Term Market Outlook (3-5 Years)
4.5.3. Long-Term Market Outlook (5-10 Years)
4.6. Go-to-Market Strategy
5. Market Insights
5.1. Consumer Insights & End-User Perspective
5.2. Consumer Experience Benchmarking
5.3. Opportunity Mapping
5.4. Distribution Channel Analysis
5.5. Pricing Trend Analysis
5.6. Regulatory Compliance & Standards Framework
5.7. ESG & Sustainability Analysis
5.8. Disruption & Risk Scenarios
5.9. Return on Investment & Cost-Benefit Analysis
6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
8. Strapping Machine Market, by Material Type
8.1. Plastic
8.2. Polyester
8.3. Polypropylene
8.4. Steel
9. Strapping Machine Market, by Machine Type
9.1. Automatic
9.2. Manual
9.3. Semi-Automatic
10. Strapping Machine Market, by Components
10.1. Sealing Tool
10.2. Strap Dispenser
10.3. Strapping Tool Body
10.4. Tensioner
11. Strapping Machine Market, by Power Source
11.1. Battery-Powered
11.2. Electric
11.3. Pneumatic
12. Strapping Machine Market, by Users
12.1. Large Enterprises
12.2. Small & Medium Enterprises
13. Strapping Machine Market, by Application
13.1. Bundling
13.2. Packaging
13.3. Sealing
13.4. Unitizing
14. Strapping Machine Market, by End Use Industry
14.1. Automotive
14.2. E-Commerce
14.3. Electronics
14.4. Food and Beverage
14.5. Logistics & Warehousing
14.6. Manufacturing
14.7. Pharmaceuticals
14.8. Retail
15. Strapping Machine Market, by Region
15.1. Americas
15.1.1. North America
15.1.2. Latin America
15.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
15.2.1. Europe
15.2.2. Middle East
15.2.3. Africa
15.3. Asia-Pacific
16. Strapping Machine Market, by Group
16.1. ASEAN
16.2. GCC
16.3. European Union
16.4. BRICS
16.5. G7
16.6. NATO
17. Strapping Machine Market, by Country
17.1. United States
17.2. Canada
17.3. Mexico
17.4. Brazil
17.5. United Kingdom
17.6. Germany
17.7. France
17.8. Russia
17.9. Italy
17.10. Spain
17.11. China
17.12. India
17.13. Japan
17.14. Australia
17.15. South Korea
18. United States Strapping Machine Market
19. China Strapping Machine Market
20. Competitive Landscape
20.1. Market Concentration Analysis, 2025
20.1.1. Concentration Ratio (CR)
20.1.2. Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI)
20.2. Recent Developments & Impact Analysis, 2025
20.3. Product Portfolio Analysis, 2025
20.4. Benchmarking Analysis, 2025
20.5. Allespack Systems Private Limited
20.6. Avi International Packaging Company
20.7. Cyklop International
20.8. DG Jingduan Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
20.9. Dongguan Xutian Packing Machine Co., Ltd.
20.10. FEIFER-kovovýroba, spol. s r.o.
20.11. FROMM Holding AG
20.12. Greenbridge
20.13. Hangzhou Youngsun Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd.
20.14. Humboldt Verpackungstechnik GmbH
20.15. Itipack S.R.L.
20.16. Join Pack Machines (Pvt.) Ltd.
20.17. Lantech, LLC
20.18. LINDER GmbH
20.19. Messersì Packaging S.r.l.
20.20. Mosca GmbH
20.21. Packmaster Machinery Private Limited
20.22. Packway Inc.
20.23. Samuel, Son & Co., Ltd.
20.24. Sepack India Private Limited
20.25. Shri Vinayak Packaging Machine Pvt. Ltd.
20.26. Signode Industrial Group LLC
20.27. SORSA Strapping Systems
20.28. StraPack, Corp.
20.29. TART, s.r.o.
20.30. Venus Packaging
20.31. Yongchuang Packing Machine Co., Ltd.
List of Figures
FIGURE 1. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 2. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2025
FIGURE 3. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2025
FIGURE 4. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2025 VS 2026 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 5. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2025 VS 2026 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 6. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2025 VS 2026 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 7. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2025 VS 2026 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 8. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2025 VS 2026 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 9. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025 VS 2026 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 10. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2025 VS 2026 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 11. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2025 VS 2026 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 12. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY GROUP, 2025 VS 2026 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 13. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025 VS 2026 VS 2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 14. UNITED STATES STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 15. CHINA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
List of Tables
TABLE 1. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 2. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 3. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PLASTIC, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 4. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PLASTIC, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 5. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PLASTIC, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 6. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POLYESTER, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 7. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POLYESTER, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 8. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POLYESTER, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 9. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POLYPROPYLENE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 10. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POLYPROPYLENE, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 11. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POLYPROPYLENE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 12. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 13. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 14. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY STEEL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 15. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 16. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY AUTOMATIC, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 17. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY AUTOMATIC, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 18. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY AUTOMATIC, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 19. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MANUAL, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 20. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MANUAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 21. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MANUAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 22. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SEMI-AUTOMATIC, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 23. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SEMI-AUTOMATIC, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 24. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SEMI-AUTOMATIC, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 25. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 26. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SEALING TOOL, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 27. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SEALING TOOL, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 28. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SEALING TOOL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 29. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY STRAP DISPENSER, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 30. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY STRAP DISPENSER, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 31. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY STRAP DISPENSER, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 32. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY STRAPPING TOOL BODY, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 33. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY STRAPPING TOOL BODY, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 34. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY STRAPPING TOOL BODY, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 35. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY TENSIONER, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 36. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY TENSIONER, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 37. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY TENSIONER, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 38. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 39. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY BATTERY-POWERED, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 40. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY BATTERY-POWERED, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 41. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY BATTERY-POWERED, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 42. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY ELECTRIC, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 43. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY ELECTRIC, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 44. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY ELECTRIC, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 45. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PNEUMATIC, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 46. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PNEUMATIC, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 47. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PNEUMATIC, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 48. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 49. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY LARGE ENTERPRISES, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 50. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY LARGE ENTERPRISES, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 51. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY LARGE ENTERPRISES, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 52. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SMALL & MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 53. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SMALL & MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 54. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SMALL & MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 55. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 56. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY BUNDLING, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 57. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY BUNDLING, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 58. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY BUNDLING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 59. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PACKAGING, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 60. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PACKAGING, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 61. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PACKAGING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 62. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SEALING, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 63. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SEALING, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 64. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SEALING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 65. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY UNITIZING, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 66. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY UNITIZING, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 67. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY UNITIZING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 68. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 69. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY AUTOMOTIVE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 70. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY AUTOMOTIVE, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 71. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY AUTOMOTIVE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 72. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY E-COMMERCE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 73. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY E-COMMERCE, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 74. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY E-COMMERCE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 75. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY ELECTRONICS, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 76. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY ELECTRONICS, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 77. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY ELECTRONICS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 78. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 79. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 80. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY FOOD AND BEVERAGE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 81. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY LOGISTICS & WAREHOUSING, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 82. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY LOGISTICS & WAREHOUSING, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 83. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY LOGISTICS & WAREHOUSING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 84. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MANUFACTURING, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 85. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MANUFACTURING, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 86. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MANUFACTURING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 87. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PHARMACEUTICALS, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 88. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PHARMACEUTICALS, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 89. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY PHARMACEUTICALS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 90. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 91. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 92. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 93. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 94. AMERICAS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 95. AMERICAS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 96. AMERICAS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 97. AMERICAS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 98. AMERICAS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 99. AMERICAS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 100. AMERICAS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 101. AMERICAS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 102. NORTH AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 103. NORTH AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 104. NORTH AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 105. NORTH AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 106. NORTH AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 107. NORTH AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 108. NORTH AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 109. NORTH AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 110. LATIN AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 111. LATIN AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 112. LATIN AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 113. LATIN AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 114. LATIN AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 115. LATIN AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 116. LATIN AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 117. LATIN AMERICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 118. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 119. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 120. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 121. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 122. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 123. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 124. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 125. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 126. EUROPE STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 127. EUROPE STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 128. EUROPE STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 129. EUROPE STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 130. EUROPE STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 131. EUROPE STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 132. EUROPE STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 133. EUROPE STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 134. MIDDLE EAST STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 135. MIDDLE EAST STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 136. MIDDLE EAST STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 137. MIDDLE EAST STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 138. MIDDLE EAST STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 139. MIDDLE EAST STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 140. MIDDLE EAST STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 141. MIDDLE EAST STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 142. AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 143. AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 144. AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 145. AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 146. AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 147. AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 148. AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 149. AFRICA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 150. ASIA-PACIFIC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 151. ASIA-PACIFIC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 152. ASIA-PACIFIC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 153. ASIA-PACIFIC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 154. ASIA-PACIFIC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 155. ASIA-PACIFIC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 156. ASIA-PACIFIC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 157. ASIA-PACIFIC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 158. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 159. ASEAN STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 160. ASEAN STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 161. ASEAN STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 162. ASEAN STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 163. ASEAN STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 164. ASEAN STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 165. ASEAN STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 166. ASEAN STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 167. GCC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 168. GCC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 169. GCC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 170. GCC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 171. GCC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 172. GCC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 173. GCC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 174. GCC STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 175. EUROPEAN UNION STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 176. EUROPEAN UNION STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 177. EUROPEAN UNION STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 178. EUROPEAN UNION STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 179. EUROPEAN UNION STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 180. EUROPEAN UNION STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 181. EUROPEAN UNION STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 182. EUROPEAN UNION STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 183. BRICS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 184. BRICS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 185. BRICS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 186. BRICS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 187. BRICS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 188. BRICS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 189. BRICS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 190. BRICS STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 191. G7 STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 192. G7 STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 193. G7 STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 194. G7 STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 195. G7 STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 196. G7 STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 197. G7 STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 198. G7 STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 199. NATO STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 200. NATO STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 201. NATO STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 202. NATO STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 203. NATO STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 204. NATO STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 205. NATO STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 206. NATO STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 207. GLOBAL STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 208. UNITED STATES STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 209. UNITED STATES STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 210. UNITED STATES STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 211. UNITED STATES STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 212. UNITED STATES STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 213. UNITED STATES STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 214. UNITED STATES STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 215. UNITED STATES STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 216. CHINA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 217. CHINA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MATERIAL TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 218. CHINA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY MACHINE TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 219. CHINA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENTS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 220. CHINA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY POWER SOURCE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 221. CHINA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY USERS, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 222. CHINA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 223. CHINA STRAPPING MACHINE MARKET SIZE, BY END USE INDUSTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)

Companies Mentioned

The key companies profiled in this Strapping Machine market report include:
  • Allespack Systems Private Limited
  • Avi International Packaging Company
  • Cyklop International
  • DG Jingduan Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Dongguan Xutian Packing Machine Co., Ltd.
  • FEIFER-kovovýroba, spol. s r.o.
  • FROMM Holding AG
  • Greenbridge
  • Hangzhou Youngsun Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd.
  • Humboldt Verpackungstechnik GmbH
  • Itipack S.R.L.
  • Join Pack Machines (Pvt.) Ltd.
  • Lantech, LLC
  • LINDER GmbH
  • Messersì Packaging S.r.l.
  • Mosca GmbH
  • Packmaster Machinery Private Limited
  • Packway Inc.
  • Samuel, Son & Co., Ltd.
  • Sepack India Private Limited
  • Shri Vinayak Packaging Machine Pvt. Ltd.
  • Signode Industrial Group LLC
  • SORSA Strapping Systems
  • StraPack, Corp.
  • TART, s.r.o.
  • Venus Packaging
  • Yongchuang Packing Machine Co., Ltd.

Table Information

Report AttributeDetails
No. of Pages187
PublishedJanuary 2026
Forecast Period2026 - 2032
Estimated Market Value ( USD ) in 2026 $ 6.05 Billion
Forecasted Market Value ( USD ) by 2032 $ 9.55 Billion
Compound Annual Growth Rate7.8%
Regions CoveredGlobal
No. of Companies Mentioned28

Related Topics

Related Reports

Strapping Machine Market Outlook, 2030 - Product Image

Strapping Machine Market Outlook, 2030

  • Report
  • 191 Pages
  • Global
From
Automatic Steel Strapping Machine Market - Global Forecast 2025-2030 - Product Image

Automatic Steel Strapping Machine Market - Global Forecast 2025-2030

  • Report
  • 198 Pages
  • Global
From
Strapping Machine Market Overview, 2025-30 - Product Image

Strapping Machine Market Overview, 2025-30

  • Report
  • 102 Pages
  • Global
From
Strapping Machine Market Report by Product, Material, Style, Application, and Region 2025-2033 - Product Image

Strapping Machine Market Report by Product, Material, Style, Application, and Region 2025-2033

  • Report
  • 139 Pages
  • Global
From
Automatic Strapping Machine Market Report: Trends, Forecast and Competitive Analysis to 2031 - Product Image

Automatic Strapping Machine Market Report: Trends, Forecast and Competitive Analysis to 2031

  • Report
  • 150 Pages
  • Global
From

About the Banding Machine Market

The Banding Machine market within the context of Packaging is a highly competitive industry. It is comprised of a variety of machines that are used to secure and bundle products together. These machines are used in a variety of industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods. Banding machines are used to improve the efficiency of the packaging process, as well as to ensure the safety and security of the products. Banding machines come in a variety of sizes and configurations, and can be used for a variety of applications. They can be used to bundle products together, to secure products to pallets, or to secure products to other products. Banding machines are also used to secure products to shipping containers, and to secure products to retail displays. The Banding Machine market is highly competitive, with a variety of manufacturers offering a wide range of machines. Some of the leading companies in the market include Mosca, Signode, Orgapack, and Fromm. These companies offer a variety of machines, ranging from manual to automated, and from low-cost to high-end. Show Less Read more

Copyright © 2002-2026 Research and Markets. All Rights Reserved.