List of Tables
TABLE 1. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 2. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 3. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPRESSED, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 4. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPRESSED, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 5. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COMPRESSED, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 6. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY LIQUEFIED, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 7. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY LIQUEFIED, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 8. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY LIQUEFIED, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 9. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 10. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL GRADE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 11. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL GRADE, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 12. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL GRADE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 13. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY MEDICAL GRADE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 14. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY MEDICAL GRADE, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 15. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY MEDICAL GRADE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 16. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY TECHNICAL GRADE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 17. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY TECHNICAL GRADE, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 18. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY TECHNICAL GRADE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 19. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 20. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DIRECT SALES, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 21. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DIRECT SALES, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 22. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DIRECT SALES, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 23. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 24. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 25. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTORS, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 26. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE RETAIL, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 27. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE RETAIL, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 28. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE RETAIL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 29. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 30. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY AEROSOL PROPELLANT, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 31. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY AEROSOL PROPELLANT, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 32. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY AEROSOL PROPELLANT, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 33. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COOKING, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 34. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COOKING, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 35. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COOKING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 36. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY HEATING, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 37. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY HEATING, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 38. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY HEATING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 39. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY MOTOR FUEL, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 40. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY MOTOR FUEL, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 41. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY MOTOR FUEL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 42. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY REFRIGERANT, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 43. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY REFRIGERANT, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 44. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY REFRIGERANT, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 45. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 46. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 47. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 48. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 49. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 50. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 51. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 52. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 53. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY AUTOMOTIVE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 54. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY AUTOMOTIVE, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 55. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY AUTOMOTIVE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 56. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY MANUFACTURING, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 57. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY MANUFACTURING, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 58. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY MANUFACTURING, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 59. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PETROCHEMICAL, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 60. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PETROCHEMICAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 61. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PETROCHEMICAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 62. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY RESIDENTIAL, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 63. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY RESIDENTIAL, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 64. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY RESIDENTIAL, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 65. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 66. AMERICAS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 67. AMERICAS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 68. AMERICAS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 69. AMERICAS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 70. AMERICAS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 71. AMERICAS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 72. AMERICAS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 73. NORTH AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 74. NORTH AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 75. NORTH AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 76. NORTH AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 77. NORTH AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 78. NORTH AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 79. NORTH AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 80. LATIN AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 81. LATIN AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 82. LATIN AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 83. LATIN AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 84. LATIN AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 85. LATIN AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 86. LATIN AMERICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 87. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY SUBREGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 88. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 89. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 90. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 91. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 92. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 93. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 94. EUROPE BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 95. EUROPE BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 96. EUROPE BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 97. EUROPE BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 98. EUROPE BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 99. EUROPE BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 100. EUROPE BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 101. MIDDLE EAST BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 102. MIDDLE EAST BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 103. MIDDLE EAST BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 104. MIDDLE EAST BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 105. MIDDLE EAST BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 106. MIDDLE EAST BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 107. MIDDLE EAST BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 108. AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 109. AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 110. AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 111. AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 112. AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 113. AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 114. AFRICA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 115. ASIA-PACIFIC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 116. ASIA-PACIFIC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 117. ASIA-PACIFIC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 118. ASIA-PACIFIC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 119. ASIA-PACIFIC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 120. ASIA-PACIFIC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 121. ASIA-PACIFIC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 122. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY GROUP, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 123. ASEAN BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 124. ASEAN BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 125. ASEAN BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 126. ASEAN BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 127. ASEAN BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 128. ASEAN BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 129. ASEAN BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 130. GCC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 131. GCC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 132. GCC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 133. GCC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 134. GCC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 135. GCC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 136. GCC BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 137. EUROPEAN UNION BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 138. EUROPEAN UNION BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 139. EUROPEAN UNION BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 140. EUROPEAN UNION BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 141. EUROPEAN UNION BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 142. EUROPEAN UNION BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 143. EUROPEAN UNION BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 144. BRICS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 145. BRICS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 146. BRICS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 147. BRICS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 148. BRICS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 149. BRICS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 150. BRICS BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 151. G7 BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 152. G7 BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 153. G7 BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 154. G7 BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 155. G7 BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 156. G7 BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 157. G7 BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 158. NATO BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 159. NATO BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 160. NATO BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 161. NATO BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 162. NATO BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 163. NATO BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 164. NATO BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 165. GLOBAL BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 166. UNITED STATES BUTANE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 167. UNITED STATES BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 168. UNITED STATES BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 169. UNITED STATES BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 170. UNITED STATES BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 171. UNITED STATES BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 172. UNITED STATES BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 173. CHINA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 174. CHINA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 175. CHINA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY PURITY GRADE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 176. CHINA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 177. CHINA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 178. CHINA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 179. CHINA BUTANE MARKET SIZE, BY INDUSTRIAL, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION)