Gravity Energy Storage Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2021-2031

The Global Gravity Energy Storage Market is projected to expand from USD 454.49 Million in 2025 to USD 2.47 billion by 2031, reflecting a CAGR of 32.64%. These systems operate by lifting heavy weights, such as water or concrete blocks, to store potential energy, which is later released to generate electricity. The primary impetus for this market is the growing integration of intermittent renewable energy sources, requiring dependable long-duration storage to maintain grid stability and a continuous power supply. Unlike industry trends like modularization, these structural drivers address the essential need to balance energy loads. As evidence of the sector's scale and importance, the International Hydropower Association reported that global pumped storage hydropower capacity reached 189 GW in 2025.

Despite established capacity, the market encounters substantial obstacles related to significant upfront capital expenditures and strict topographical prerequisites. Traditional pumped hydro systems demand specific geographic traits, while newer solid-mass solutions face financial challenges in demonstrating commercial viability at scale. These site-specific constraints and economic barriers threaten to significantly hinder the rapid rollout of new projects required to satisfy the escalating demand for renewable energy storage.

Market Drivers

The rapid growth of intermittent renewable energy capacities acts as the main driver for the gravity energy storage sector. As countries aggressively expand solar and wind infrastructure to achieve decarbonization targets, the variability of these resources causes a significant mismatch between energy generation and consumption. Gravity-based systems address this by absorbing excess power during peak production and releasing it during low-generation periods, effectively smoothing the supply curve. According to the International Energy Agency's 'Renewables 2023' report from January 2024, global annual renewable capacity additions rose by nearly 50% to approximately 510 GW in 2023, underscoring the urgent need for complementary storage. This surge compels grid operators to secure robust balancing solutions that avoid the degradation problems typical of chemical batteries.

Simultaneously, the market is driven by rising demand for grid-scale storage solutions capable of sustaining power output for extended durations. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, which are economically best suited for short periods, gravity storage provides a cost-effective method for managing energy shifts lasting longer than four hours, which is essential for baseload replacement. This potential is demonstrated by the deployment of large-scale assets, such as Energy Vault Holdings, Inc.'s connection of a 100 MWh system to the state grid in Rudong, China, announced in May 2024, which validates non-hydro gravity technologies. Additionally, the broader sector is expanding to meet these needs, with the International Hydropower Association noting in 2024 that global pumped storage hydropower capacity increased by 6.5 GW in 2023 alone.

Market Challenges

High initial capital costs and rigid topographical requirements represent the primary hurdles for the Global Gravity Energy Storage Market. In contrast to modular battery systems, gravity-based solutions like pumped hydro and massive solid structures depend on specific geological conditions and significant upfront investment. This inflexibility compels developers to spend years on site feasibility assessments and infrastructure financing, drastically prolonging project lead times. Consequently, these obstacles increase the risk for investors and slow the deployment of new storage capacity essential for grid stability.

These limitations directly exacerbate the disparity between installed capacity and global decarbonization requirements. The inability to scale rapidly due to economic and physical restrictions severely constrains market expansion. According to the International Hydropower Association in 2025, the sector is expected to fall 60 to 70 GW short of the capacity needed to meet the 2030 objective of tripling renewable energy. This deficit underscores how financial and geographic barriers effectively impede industry growth, preventing the market from fully meeting the increasing demand for long-duration energy storage.

Market Trends

The repurposing of decommissioned mine shafts for underground storage is emerging as a practical strategy to overcome the topographical and environmental limitations of traditional pumped hydro. This method exploits existing vertical depth to generate gravitational potential energy, thereby substantially lowering civil engineering costs and revitalizing dormant industrial sites.

Developers are actively acquiring legacy assets to prove this concept; for example, according to a September 2025 article in Renew Economy titled 'Australian gravity story hopeful locks in first underground trial with NSW coal mine,' Green Gravity has secured a binding lease for a trial at the Russell Vale mine, underpinning a development pipeline that has grown to 10 GWh. By utilizing abandoned infrastructure, this trend provides a scalable route to long-duration storage without the extensive land requirements of above-ground concrete structures.

Concurrently, the rise of hybrid gravity-battery storage systems is enhancing grid responsiveness and economic efficiency. These integrated solutions merge the fast frequency regulation capabilities of chemical batteries with the long-duration stability of gravity blocks, covering a wider range of grid services. Major industry participants are leveraging this diversified approach to foster commercial growth; according to an Energy-Storage.news report from November 2025 titled 'Energy Vault credits expanded markets and new strategies with Q3 2025 growth,' Energy Vault reported revenue of $33.3 million, a 27-fold increase fueled by its expanded portfolio of hybrid and battery projects. This evolution signals a maturing market where gravity technology is increasingly utilized as a complementary element within a comprehensive energy management framework.

Key Players Profiled in the Gravity Energy Storage Market

• Energy Vault Holdings, Inc.
• Highview Enterprises Ltd.
• Egan Legacy Partners
• VFlowTech Pte Ltd.
• PowerVault
• ThorCon DMCC
• Epsilon Energy Ltd.
• Orbital Marine Power

Report Scope

In this report, the Global Gravity Energy Storage Market has been segmented into the following categories:

Gravity Energy Storage Market, by Type:

• Pumped Hydro Storage
• Gravitational Potential Energy Storage
• Kinetic Energy Storage
• Hybrid Systems

Gravity Energy Storage Market, by Component:

• Mechanical
• Electrical
• Power Conversion System

Gravity Energy Storage Market, by Application:

• Load Shifting
• Renewable Energy Integration
• Frequency Regulation
• Black Start Capability
• Microgrids

Gravity Energy Storage Market, by End-Use:

• Residential
• Commercial
• Industrial
• Utilities

Gravity Energy Storage Market, by Region:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia-Pacific
• South America
• Middle East & Africa

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Gravity Energy Storage Market.

Available Customization

The analyst offers customization according to your specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.