+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)
Automotive Engine Oil Market by Product Type (Conventional, Semi-Synthetic, Synthetic), Application (Diesel Engine, Gasoline Engine, Motorcycle), Vehicle Type, End User, Distribution Channel - Global Forecast 2025-2030- Product Image
Automotive Engine Oil Market by Product Type (Conventional, Semi-Synthetic, Synthetic), Application (Diesel Engine, Gasoline Engine, Motorcycle), Vehicle Type, End User, Distribution Channel - Global Forecast 2025-2030- Product Image
Sale

Automotive Engine Oil Market by Product Type (Conventional, Semi-Synthetic, Synthetic), Application (Diesel Engine, Gasoline Engine, Motorcycle), Vehicle Type, End User, Distribution Channel - Global Forecast 2025-2030

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 195 Pages
  • August 2025
  • Region: Global
  • 360iResearch™
  • ID: 4995450
UP TO OFF until Jan 01st 2026
1h Free Analyst Time
Description Jump to:
1h Free Analyst Time

Speak directly to the analyst to clarify any post sales queries you may have.

The automotive engine oil market is experiencing accelerated transformation as new technologies, environmental policies, and customer demands converge, creating competitive opportunities and challenges for industry leaders. Senior decision-makers now require​ data-driven insights into evolving lubricant formulations, shifting trade environments, and regional preferences to steer profitable growth strategies.

Market Snapshot: Automotive Engine Oil Market

The automotive engine oil market grew from USD 44.45 billion in 2024 to USD 46.25 billion in 2025, with expectations to reach USD 56.10 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 3.95%. This expansion is driven by advancements in lubricant technology, regulatory tightening around emissions and fuel economy, and the rise of electric and hybrid vehicles. The sector’s evolution is reflected in innovative product launches, strategic collaborations, and adaptation to shifting global supply chains.

Scope & Segmentation

  • Product Types: Conventional, Semi-Synthetic, Synthetic
  • Applications: Diesel Engine, Gasoline Engine, Motorcycle (Off-Road, Street)
  • Vehicle Types: Commercial Vehicle, Passenger Car, Two-Wheeler (Motorcycle, Scooter)
  • End Users: Aftermarket, OEM
  • Distribution Channels: Offline (Retail, Service Centers, Workshops), Online (E-Commerce Platforms, Manufacturer Websites)
  • Regions: Americas (United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina), Europe, Middle East & Africa (including UK, Germany, France, Russia, GCC, South Africa, and more), Asia-Pacific (spanning China, India, Japan, South Korea, ASEAN, Australia, and others)
  • Key Technologies: High-performance additive packages, smart lubricants with sensor compatibility, base oil recycling, nanotechnology-enabled additives, bio-based and recycled base stocks
  • Leading Companies: Royal Dutch Shell plc, Exxon Mobil Corporation, BP p.l.c., Chevron Corporation, TotalEnergies SE, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, PetroChina Company Limited, Fuchs Petrolub SE, Valvoline Inc., Eni S.p.A.

Key Takeaways for Senior Decision-Makers

  • Innovation in additive technology is critical to balancing both performance requirements and regulatory compliance, especially as powertrain architectures diversify.
  • Smart lubricant development, integrating analytics and predictive maintenance capacities, can optimize total cost of ownership for fleets and OEMs.
  • Sustainability mandates are pushing manufacturers toward bio-derived, recycled, and low-viscosity base oils, driving product portfolio diversification and closed-loop production initiatives.
  • The shift to electric and hybrid vehicles is increasing demand for fluids with exceptional dielectric and thermal management qualities, requiring new formulation expertise.
  • Distribution channels are evolving, with omni-channel strategies emerging as aftermarket and OEMs seek tailored engagements across both digital and physical touchpoints.
  • Cross-industry collaboration between automakers, material scientists, and lubricant producers is accelerating high-performance product cycles and ensuring compliance with evolving standards.

Tariff Impact: Navigating Supply Chain and Trade Shift

The 2025 United States tariffs on automotive engine oil imports have compelled global manufacturers to alter sourcing and logistics strategies. Many are increasing reliance on local blending and packaging to reduce exposure to duty fluctuations, while downstream participants adapt pricing and optimize shipments. In response, investments in domestic compounding and feedstock security have grown, emphasizing the importance of resilient, flexible supply chains for sustained market access. The evolving trade landscape is expected to encourage additional innovation in substitution and efficiency to maintain product quality at competitive costs.

Methodology & Data Sources

This report leverages a multi-tiered methodology, including primary interviews with stakeholders, secondary analysis of industry publications, and rigorous validation of supply chain and financial disclosures. Expert panel reviews and a systematic triangulation process reinforce the integrity of findings across complex data streams.

Why This Report Matters

  • Enables industry leaders to anticipate regulatory and technological shifts, guiding high-stakes investment and R&D priorities.
  • Provides granular segmentation and regional perspectives, supporting market entry, opportunity identification, and risk management strategies.
  • Delivers actionable recommendations for navigating evolving trade policies and capturing value in dynamic end-user segments.

Conclusion

The automotive engine oil market is rapidly evolving amid technological disruption and new regulatory standards. Informed strategy, agile supply chain management, and targeted product development will be fundamental to maintaining leadership and unlocking new growth opportunities.

 

Additional Product Information:

  • Purchase of this report includes 1 year online access with quarterly updates.
  • This report can be updated on request. Please contact our Customer Experience team using the Ask a Question widget on our website.

Table of Contents

1. Preface
1.1. Objectives of the Study
1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
1.3. Years Considered for the Study
1.4. Currency & Pricing
1.5. Language
1.6. Stakeholders
2. Research Methodology
2.1. Define: Research Objective
2.2. Determine: Research Design
2.3. Prepare: Research Instrument
2.4. Collect: Data Source
2.5. Analyze: Data Interpretation
2.6. Formulate: Data Verification
2.7. Publish: Research Report
2.8. Repeat: Report Update
3. Executive Summary
4. Market Overview
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Market Sizing & Forecasting
5. Market Dynamics
5.1. Growing adoption of electric vehicle compatible low viscosity engine oils for battery electric vehicles
5.2. Increasing biobased and recycled oil blend formulations to meet stringent emission regulations
5.3. Development of high mileage synthetic formulations that extend oil change intervals for commercial fleets
5.4. Surging demand for fully formulated long drain oils with enhanced particulate filter protection
5.5. Integration of IoT sensors in engine oil monitoring systems for predictive maintenance analytics
5.6. Rise of regional specifications driving tailored engine oil viscosities in emerging markets like India and Brazil
5.7. Shift towards ultra low SAPS base oils to comply with Euro 7 emission standards across automotive sectors
5.8. Use of AI and machine learning in engine oil additive R&D to accelerate performance optimization
6. Market Insights
6.1. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
6.2. PESTLE Analysis
7. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
8. Automotive Engine Oil Market, by Product Type
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Conventional
8.3. Semi-Synthetic
8.4. Synthetic
9. Automotive Engine Oil Market, by Application
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Diesel Engine
9.3. Gasoline Engine
9.4. Motorcycle
9.4.1. Off-Road
9.4.2. Street
10. Automotive Engine Oil Market, by Vehicle Type
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Commercial Vehicle
10.3. Passenger Car
10.4. Two-Wheeler
10.4.1. Motorcycle
10.4.2. Scooter
11. Automotive Engine Oil Market, by End User
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Aftermarket
11.3. OEM
12. Automotive Engine Oil Market, by Distribution Channel
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Offline
12.2.1. Retail
12.2.2. Service Centers
12.2.3. Workshop
12.3. Online
12.3.1. E-Commerce Platforms
12.3.2. Manufacturer Websites
13. Americas Automotive Engine Oil Market
13.1. Introduction
13.2. United States
13.3. Canada
13.4. Mexico
13.5. Brazil
13.6. Argentina
14. Europe, Middle East & Africa Automotive Engine Oil Market
14.1. Introduction
14.2. United Kingdom
14.3. Germany
14.4. France
14.5. Russia
14.6. Italy
14.7. Spain
14.8. United Arab Emirates
14.9. Saudi Arabia
14.10. South Africa
14.11. Denmark
14.12. Netherlands
14.13. Qatar
14.14. Finland
14.15. Sweden
14.16. Nigeria
14.17. Egypt
14.18. Turkey
14.19. Israel
14.20. Norway
14.21. Poland
14.22. Switzerland
15. Asia-Pacific Automotive Engine Oil Market
15.1. Introduction
15.2. China
15.3. India
15.4. Japan
15.5. Australia
15.6. South Korea
15.7. Indonesia
15.8. Thailand
15.9. Philippines
15.10. Malaysia
15.11. Singapore
15.12. Vietnam
15.13. Taiwan
16. Competitive Landscape
16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
16.3. Competitive Analysis
16.3.1. Royal Dutch Shell plc
16.3.2. Exxon Mobil Corporation
16.3.3. BP p.l.c.
16.3.4. Chevron Corporation
16.3.5. TotalEnergies SE
16.3.6. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation
16.3.7. PetroChina Company Limited
16.3.8. Fuchs Petrolub SE
16.3.9. Valvoline Inc.
16.3.10. Eni S.p.A.
17. ResearchAI
18. ResearchStatistics
19. ResearchContacts
20. ResearchArticles
21. Appendix
List of Figures
FIGURE 1. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET RESEARCH PROCESS
FIGURE 2. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 3. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 4. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 5. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 6. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 7. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 8. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 9. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 10. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 11. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 12. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 13. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 14. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 15. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 16. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 17. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 18. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 19. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 20. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 21. ASIA-PACIFIC AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 22. ASIA-PACIFIC AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 23. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2024
FIGURE 24. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2024
FIGURE 25. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET: RESEARCHAI
FIGURE 26. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET: RESEARCHSTATISTICS
FIGURE 27. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET: RESEARCHCONTACTS
FIGURE 28. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET: RESEARCHARTICLES
List of Tables
TABLE 1. AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SEGMENTATION & COVERAGE
TABLE 2. UNITED STATES DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE, 2018-2024
TABLE 3. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 4. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 5. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 6. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 7. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 8. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 9. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 10. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 11. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY CONVENTIONAL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 12. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY CONVENTIONAL, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 13. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY SEMI-SYNTHETIC, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 14. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY SEMI-SYNTHETIC, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 15. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY SYNTHETIC, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 16. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY SYNTHETIC, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 17. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 18. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 19. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DIESEL ENGINE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 20. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DIESEL ENGINE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 21. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY GASOLINE ENGINE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 22. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY GASOLINE ENGINE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 23. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 24. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 25. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFF-ROAD, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 26. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFF-ROAD, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 27. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY STREET, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 28. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY STREET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 29. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 30. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 31. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 32. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 33. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 34. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 35. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PASSENGER CAR, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 36. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PASSENGER CAR, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 37. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 38. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 39. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 40. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 41. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY SCOOTER, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 42. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY SCOOTER, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 43. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 44. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 45. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 46. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 47. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 48. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 49. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OEM, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 50. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OEM, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 51. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 52. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 53. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 54. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 55. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 56. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY RETAIL, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 57. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY SERVICE CENTERS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 58. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY SERVICE CENTERS, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 59. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY WORKSHOP, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 60. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY WORKSHOP, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 61. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 62. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 63. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 64. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 65. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY E-COMMERCE PLATFORMS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 66. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY E-COMMERCE PLATFORMS, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 67. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MANUFACTURER WEBSITES, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 68. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MANUFACTURER WEBSITES, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 69. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 70. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 71. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 72. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 73. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 74. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 75. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 76. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 77. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 78. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 79. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 80. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 81. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 82. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 83. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 84. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 85. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 86. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 87. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 88. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 89. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 90. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 91. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 92. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 93. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 94. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 95. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 96. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 97. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 98. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 99. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 100. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 101. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 102. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 103. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 104. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 105. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 106. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 107. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 108. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 109. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 110. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 111. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 112. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 113. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 114. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 115. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 116. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 117. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 118. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 119. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 120. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 121. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 122. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 123. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 124. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 125. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 126. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 127. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 128. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 129. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 130. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 131. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 132. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 133. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 134. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 135. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 136. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 137. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 138. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 139. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 140. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 141. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 142. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 143. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 144. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 145. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 146. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 147. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 148. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 149. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 150. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 151. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 152. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 153. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 154. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 155. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 156. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 157. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 158. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 159. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 160. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 161. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 162. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 163. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 164. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 165. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 166. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 167. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 168. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 169. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 170. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 171. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 172. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 173. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 174. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 175. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 176. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 177. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 178. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 179. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 180. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 181. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 182. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 183. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 184. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 185. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 186. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 187. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 188. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 189. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 190. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 191. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 192. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 193. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 194. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 195. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 196. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 197. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 198. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 199. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 200. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 201. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 202. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 203. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 204. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 205. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 206. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 207. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 208. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 209. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 210. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 211. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 212. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 213. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 214. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 215. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 216. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 217. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 218. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 219. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 220. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 221. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 222. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 223. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 224. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 225. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 226. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 227. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 228. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 229. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 230. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 231. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 232. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 233. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 234. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 235. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 236. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 237. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 238. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 239. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 240. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 241. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 242. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 243. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 244. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 245. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 246. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 247. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 248. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 249. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 250. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 251. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 252. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 253. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 254. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 255. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 256. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 257. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 258. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 259. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 260. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 261. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 262. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 263. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 264. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 265. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 266. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 267. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 268. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 269. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 270. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 271. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 272. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 273. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 274. RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 275. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 276. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 277. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 278. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 279. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 280. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 281. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 282. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 283. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 284. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 285. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 286. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 287. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 288. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 289. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 290. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 291. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 292. ITALY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 293. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 294. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 295. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 296. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 297. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 298. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 299. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 300. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 301. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 302. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 303. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 304. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 305. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 306. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 307. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 308. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 309. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 310. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 311. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 312. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 313. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 314. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 315. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 316. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 317. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 318. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 319. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 320. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 321. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 322. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY END USER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 323. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 324. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 325. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 326. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY OFFLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 327. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 328. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY ONLINE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 329. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 330. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 331. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 332. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 333. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 334. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY MOTORCYCLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 335. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 336. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY VEHICLE TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 337. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 338. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE OIL MARKET SIZE, BY TWO-WHEELER, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 339. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE

Samples

Loading
LOADING...

Companies Mentioned

  • Royal Dutch Shell plc
  • Exxon Mobil Corporation
  • BP p.l.c.
  • Chevron Corporation
  • TotalEnergies SE
  • China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation
  • PetroChina Company Limited
  • Fuchs Petrolub SE
  • Valvoline Inc.
  • Eni S.p.A.

Table Information

Report AttributeDetails
No. of Pages195
PublishedAugust 2025
Forecast Period2025 - 2030
Estimated Market Value ( USD ) in 2025 $ 46.25 Billion
Forecasted Market Value ( USD ) by 2030 $ 56.1 Billion
Compound Annual Growth Rate3.9%
Regions CoveredGlobal
No. of Companies Mentioned10

Related Topics

Related Reports

Engine Oil Additives Market by Type (Anti-wear Agents, Antioxidants, Corrosion Inhibitors), Functionality (Emission Control Additives, Performance Enhancing Additives, Protective Additives), Sales Channel, Application - Global Forecast 2025-2030 - Product Image

Engine Oil Additives Market by Type (Anti-wear Agents, Antioxidants, Corrosion Inhibitors), Functionality (Emission Control Additives, Performance Enhancing Additives, Protective Additives), Sales Channel, Application - Global Forecast 2025-2030

  • Report
  • 181 Pages
  • Global
From
Viscosity Index Improver Market by Application (Engine Oil, Gear Oil, Hydraulic Fluid), Polymer Type (Olefin Copolymer, Polymethacrylate, Styrene Diene Copolymer), End Use Industry - Global Forecast 2025-2030 - Product Image

Viscosity Index Improver Market by Application (Engine Oil, Gear Oil, Hydraulic Fluid), Polymer Type (Olefin Copolymer, Polymethacrylate, Styrene Diene Copolymer), End Use Industry - Global Forecast 2025-2030

  • Report
  • 190 Pages
  • Global
From
Automotive Engine Oil Market By Oil Type, By Engine Type, By Vehicle Type, By Application, Global Market Size, Segmental analysis, Regional Overview, Company share analysis, Leading Company Profiles, And Market Forecast, 2025 - 2035 - Product Image

Automotive Engine Oil Market By Oil Type, By Engine Type, By Vehicle Type, By Application, Global Market Size, Segmental analysis, Regional Overview, Company share analysis, Leading Company Profiles, And Market Forecast, 2025 - 2035

  • Report
  • 210 Pages
  • Global
From
Automotive Engine Oil - Global Strategic Business Report - Product Image

Automotive Engine Oil - Global Strategic Business Report

  • Report
  • 232 Pages
  • Global
From
Automotive Engine Oil Market - Forecasts from 2025 to 2030 - Product Image

Automotive Engine Oil Market - Forecasts from 2025 to 2030

  • Report
  • 143 Pages
  • Global
From

About the Motor Oil Market

Motor oil is a type of oil used in internal combustion engines to lubricate, clean, and cool engine components. It is typically derived from petroleum-based sources, although some synthetic motor oils are also available. Motor oil helps to reduce friction between moving parts, reduce wear, and protect against corrosion. It also helps to reduce engine noise and improve fuel economy. Motor oil is available in a variety of viscosities and grades, and is designed to meet the needs of different types of engines. Motor oil is an important part of the oil industry, as it is used in a wide range of vehicles, from cars and trucks to boats and motorcycles. It is also used in industrial applications, such as in power plants and manufacturing facilities. Some of the major companies in the motor oil market include ExxonMobil, Shell, Chevron, BP, Total, Valvoline, Castrol, and Pennzoil. Show Less Read more

Copyright © 2002-2025 Research and Markets. All Rights Reserved.