Chapter 1. Methodology and Scope
1.1. Market Segmentation and Scope
1.2. Market Definitions
1.3. Research Methodology
1.4. Information Procurement
1.4.1. Purchased Database
1.4.2. Internal Database
1.4.3. Secondary Sources
1.4.4. Third Party Perspective
1.4.5. Information Analysis
1.5. Information Analysis
1.5.1. Data Analysis Models
1.5.2. Market Formulation & Data Visualization
1.5.3. Data Validation & Publishing
1.6. Research Scope and Assumptions
1.6.1. List of Data Sources
Chapter 2. Executive Summary
2.1. Market Outlook
2.2. Segment Outlook
2.3. Competitive Insights
Chapter 3. North America Food Service Equipment Market Variables, Trends, & Scope
3.1. Market Lineage Outlook
3.2. Concentration & Growth Prospect Mapping
3.3. Industry Value Chain Analysis
3.3.1. Manufacturing & Sourcing
3.3.2. Leasing and Financing
3.3.3. Distribution and Installation
3.3.4. Maintenance and Support
3.3.5. End User Trend
3.4. Regulatory Framework
3.5. Technology Overview
3.6. Number of Establishments By Country, 2024
3.7. Market Dynamics
3.7.1. Market Drivers Analysis
3.7.2. Market Restraints Analysis
3.7.3. Market Opportunity Analysis
3.7.4. Market Challenge Analysis
3.8. Industry Analysis Tools
3.8.1. Porter’s Analysis
3.9. Macroeconomic Analysis
3.10. Economic Mega Trend Analysis
Chapter 4. North America Food Service Equipment Market: Product Estimates & Trend Analysis
4.1. Segment Dashboard
4.2. North America Food Service Equipment Market: Product Movement Analysis, USD Million, 2024 & 2030
4.3. Kitchen Purpose Equipment
4.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
4.3.1.1. Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, by Cooking Equipment, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
4.3.1.1.1. Grills
4.3.1.1.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.3.1.1.2. Fryers
4.3.1.1.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.3.1.1.3. Ovens
4.3.1.1.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.3.1.1.4. Toasters
4.3.1.1.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.3.1.1.5. Others
4.3.1.1.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.3.1.2. Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, by Food & Beverage Equipment, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
4.3.1.2.1. Slicers & Peelers
4.3.1.2.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.3.1.2.2. Mixers & Grinders
4.3.1.2.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.3.1.2.3. Blenders
4.3.1.2.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.3.1.2.4. Juicers
4.3.1.2.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.3.1.2.5. Ice Crushers
4.3.1.2.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.3.1.2.6. Others
4.3.1.2.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
4.4. Refrigeration Equipment
4.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
4.5. Ware Washing Equipment
4.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
4.6. Food Handling & Storing Equipment
4.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
4.7. Others
4.7.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 5. North America Food Service Equipment Market: End Use Estimates & Trend Analysis
5.1. Segment Dashboard
5.2. North America Food Service Equipment Market: End Use Movement Analysis, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
5.3. FSR (Full Service Restaurant)
5.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.3.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, FSR by Type, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.3.2.1. Kitchen Purpose Equipment
5.3.2.1.1. Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, by Cooking Equipment, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.3.2.1.1.1. Grills
5.3.2.1.1.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.3.2.1.1.2. Fryers
5.3.2.1.1.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.3.2.1.1.3. Ovens
5.3.2.1.1.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.3.2.1.1.4. Toasters
5.3.2.1.1.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.3.2.1.1.5. Others
5.3.2.1.1.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.3.3. Refrigeration Equipment
5.3.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.3.4. Ware Washing Equipment
5.3.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.3.5. Food Handling & Storing Equipment
5.3.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.3.6. Others
5.3.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.3.7. Market Estimates and Forecasts, FSR by Sales Channel, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.3.7.1. Online
5.3.7.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.3.7.2. Traditional
5.3.7.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.4. QSR (Quick Service Restaurant)
5.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.4.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, QSR by Type, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.4.2.1. Kitchen Purpose Equipment
5.4.2.1.1. Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, by Cooking Equipment, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.4.2.1.1.1. Grills
5.4.2.1.1.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.4.2.1.1.2. Fryers
5.4.2.1.1.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.4.2.1.1.3. Ovens
5.4.2.1.1.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.4.2.1.1.4. Toasters
5.4.2.1.1.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.4.2.1.1.5. Others
5.4.2.1.1.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.4.3. Refrigeration Equipment
5.4.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.4.4. Ware Washing Equipment
5.4.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.4.5. Food Handling & Storing Equipment
5.4.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.4.6. Others
5.4.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.4.7. Market Estimates and Forecasts, FSR by Sales Channel, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.4.7.1. Online
5.4.7.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.4.7.2. Traditional
5.4.7.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.5. Independent Restaurant
5.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.5.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, Independent Restaurant by Type, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.5.2.1. Kitchen Purpose Equipment
5.5.2.1.1. Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, by Cooking Equipment, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.5.2.1.1.1. Grills
5.5.2.1.1.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.5.2.1.1.2. Fryers
5.5.2.1.1.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.5.2.1.1.3. Ovens
5.5.2.1.1.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.5.2.1.1.4. Toasters
5.5.2.1.1.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.5.2.1.1.5. Others
5.5.2.1.1.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.5.3. Refrigeration Equipment
5.5.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.5.4. Ware Washing Equipment
5.5.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.5.5. Food Handling & Storing Equipment
5.5.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.5.6. Others
5.5.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.5.7. Market Estimates and Forecasts, FSR by Sales Channel, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.5.7.1. Online
5.5.7.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.5.7.2. Traditional
5.5.7.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.6. Institutional
5.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.6.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, Institutional by Type, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.6.2.1. Kitchen Purpose Equipment
5.6.2.1.1. Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, by Cooking Equipment, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.6.2.1.1.1. Grills
5.6.2.1.1.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.6.2.1.1.2. Fryers
5.6.2.1.1.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.6.2.1.1.3. Ovens
5.6.2.1.1.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.6.2.1.1.4. Toasters
5.6.2.1.1.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.6.2.1.1.5. Others
5.6.2.1.1.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.6.3. Refrigeration Equipment
5.6.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.6.4. Ware Washing Equipment
5.6.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.6.5. Food Handling & Storing Equipment
5.6.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.6.6. Others
5.6.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.6.7. Market Estimates and Forecasts, FSR by Sales Channel, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.6.7.1. Online
5.6.7.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.6.7.2. Traditional
5.6.7.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.7. Others
5.7.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.7.2. Market Estimates and Forecasts, Others by Type, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.7.2.1. Kitchen Purpose Equipment
5.7.2.1.1. Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, by Cooking Equipment, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.7.2.1.1.1. Grills
5.7.2.1.1.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.7.2.1.1.2. Fryers
5.7.2.1.1.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.7.2.1.1.3. Ovens
5.7.2.1.1.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.7.2.1.1.4. Toasters
5.7.2.1.1.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.7.2.1.1.5. Others
5.7.2.1.1.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.7.3. Refrigeration Equipment
5.7.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.7.4. Ware Washing Equipment
5.7.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.7.5. Food Handling & Storing Equipment
5.7.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.7.6. Others
5.7.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.7.7. Market Estimates and Forecasts, FSR by Sales Channel, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
5.7.7.1. Online
5.7.7.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
5.7.7.2. Traditional
5.7.7.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030
Chapter 6. North America Food Service Equipment Market: by Sales Channel Estimates & Trend Analysis
6.1. Segment Dashboard
6.2. North America Food Service Equipment Market: Sales Channel Movement Analysis, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
6.2.1. Online
6.2.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD
6.2.2. Traditional
6.2.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 7. North America Food Service Equipment Market: by Occasion Estimates & Trend Analysis
7.1. Segment Dashboard
7.2. North America Food Service Equipment Market: Occasion Movement Analysis, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
7.2.1. New Build
7.2.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD
7.2.2. Used
7.2.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 8. North America Food Service Equipment Market: by End Use Type Estimates & Trend Analysis
8.1. Segment Dashboard
8.2. North America Food Service Equipment Market: End Use Type Movement Analysis, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
8.2.1. Chain
8.2.1.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD
8.2.2. Non-Chain
8.2.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 9. North America Food Service Equipment Market: Country Estimates & Trend Analysis
9.1. North America Food Service Equipment Market Share, By Country, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
9.2. U.S.
9.2.1. U.S. Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.2.2. U.S. Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.2.3. U.S. Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By End Use, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.2.4. U.S. Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Sales Channel, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.2.5. U.S. Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Occasion, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.2.6. U.S. Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By End Use Type, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.3. Canada
9.3.1. Canada Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.3.2. Canada Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.3.3. Canada Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By End Use, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.3.4. Canada Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Sales Channel, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.3.5. Canada Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Occasion, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.3.6. Canada Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By End Use Type, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.4. Mexico
9.4.1. Mexico Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.4.2. Mexico Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.4.3. Mexico Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By End Use, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.4.4. Mexico Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Sales Channel, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.4.5. Mexico Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Occasion, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
9.4.6. Mexico Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By End Use Type, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 10. Competitive Landscape
10.1. Recent Developments & Impact Analysis by Key Market Participants
10.2. Company Categorization
10.3. Participant’s Overview
10.4. Product Benchmarking
10.5. Financial Performance
10.6. Company Market Positioning
10.7. Company Heat Map Analysis, 2024
10.8. Strategy Mapping
10.9. Company Profiles
10.9.1. AB Electrolux
10.9.1.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.1.2. Financial Performance
10.9.1.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.1.4. Recent developments
10.9.2. Ali Group Worldwide
10.9.2.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.2.2. Financial Performance
10.9.2.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.2.4. Recent developments
10.9.3. Dover Corporation
10.9.3.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.3.2. Financial Performance
10.9.3.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.3.4. Recent developments
10.9.4. Blue Star Limited
10.9.4.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.4.2. Financial Performance
10.9.4.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.4.4. Recent developments
10.9.5. Duke Manufacturing
10.9.5.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.5.2. Financial Performance
10.9.5.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.5.4. Recent developments
10.9.6. FUJIMAK CORPORATION
10.9.6.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.6.2. Financial Performance
10.9.6.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.6.4. Recent developments
10.9.7. Haier Group
10.9.7.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.7.2. Financial Performance
10.9.7.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.7.4. Recent developments
10.9.8. HOSHIZAKI CORPORATION
10.9.8.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.8.2. Financial Performance
10.9.8.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.8.4. Recent developments
10.9.9. Illinois Tool Works Inc.
10.9.9.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.9.2. Financial Performance
10.9.9.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.9.4. Recent developments
10.9.10. MARUZEN CO., LTD
10.9.10.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.10.2. Financial Performance
10.9.10.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.10.4. Recent developments
10.9.11. SMEG S.p.A.
10.9.11.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.11.2. Financial Performance
10.9.11.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.11.4. Recent developments
10.9.12. The Middleby Corporation
10.9.12.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.12.2. Financial Performance
10.9.12.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.12.4. Recent developments
10.9.13. The Vollrath Company, LLC
10.9.13.1. Participant’s Overview
10.9.13.2. Financial Performance
10.9.13.3. Product benchmarking
10.9.13.4. Recent developments
List of Table
Table 1 List Of Key Regulations/Standards/Guidelines
Table 2 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By End use, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Table 3 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Product, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Table 4 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Sales Channel, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Table 5 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By Occasion, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Table 6 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates and Forecasts, By End Use Type, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Table 7 US Macroeconomic Outlook
Table 8 Canada Macroeconomic Outlook
Table 9 Mexico Macroeconomic Outlook
Table 10 Recent Developments & Impact Analysis, By Key Market Participants
Table 11 Company Heat Map Analysis, 2024
Table 12 Key Companies: Mergers & Acquisitions
Table 13 Key Companies: Partnerships/Collaboration
Table 14 Key Companies: Product Launches
Table 15 Key Companies: Expansions
List of Figures
Figure 1 Market Segmentation & Scope
Figure 2 Information Procurement
Figure 3 Data Analysis Models
Figure 4 Market Formulation And Validation
Figure 5 Data Validating & Publishing
Figure 6 Market Snapshot
Figure 7 Product & Sales Channel Segment Snapshot
Figure 8 End Use & End Use Type Segment Snapshot
Figure 9 Occasion Segment Snapshot
Figure 10 Competitive Landscape Snapshot
Figure 11 Concentration And Growth Prospect Mapping
Figure 12 North America Food Service Equipment Market - Value Chain Analysis
Figure 13 North America Food Service Equipment Market: Market Dynamics
Figure 14 Restaurant & Foodservice Industry: Food & Beverage Sales, 2019 to 2024 (USD Billion)
Figure 15 Capital Expenditures For Structures And Equipment By Eating And Drinking Place Companies, 2018-2022 (USD Billion)
Figure 16 North America Food Service Equipment Market: PORTER’s Analysis
Figure 17 North America Food Service Equipment Market: PESTEL Analysis
Figure 18 North America Food Service Equipment Market, By End Use: Key Takeaways
Figure 19 North America Food Service Equipment Market: End Use Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2024 & 2030
Figure 20 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Full Service Restaurant (FSR), 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 21 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Quick Service Restaurant (QSR), 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 22 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Independent Restaurants, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 23 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Institutional, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 24 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Other End Use, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 25 North America Food Service Equipment Market, By Product: Key Takeaways
Figure 26 North America Food Service Equipment Market: Product Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2024 & 2030
Figure 27 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Kitchen Purpose Equipment, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 28 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Cooking Equipment, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 29 North America Cooking Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Equipment, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 30 North America Food & Beverage Preparation Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 31 North America Food Service Equipment Market, By Sales Channel: Key Takeaways
Figure 32 North America Food Service Equipment Market: Sales Channel Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2024 & 2030
Figure 33 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, In Online, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 34 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, In Traditional, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 35 North America Food Service Equipment Market, By Occasion: Key Takeaways
Figure 36 North America Food Service Equipment Market: Occasion Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2024 & 2030
Figure 37 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By New Build, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 38 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Used, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 39 North America Food Service Equipment Market, By End Use Type: Key Takeaways
Figure 40 North America Food Service Equipment Market: End Use Type Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2024 & 2030
Figure 41 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Chain, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 42 North America Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Non-Chain, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 43 US Food Service Equipment Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018-2030 (USD Million)
Figure 44 Key Company Categorization
Figure 45 Company Market Positioning
Figure 46 Strategic Framework