THE RIGHT TOUCH
Anatomy and Physiology for the Manual Therapies combines the recognized strengths of the best–selling author Gerard J. Tortora with the expertise of Andrew J. Kuntzman, a certified massage therapist and an award–winning educator with a doctorate in Anatomy.
If you are planning a career as a massage therapist, a physical therapy assistant, an exercise therapist, in sports medicine, or another career in the manual therapies this is the text that can start you on the path to success. This book should serve as a great reference throughout your professional career.
Anatomy and Physiology for Manual Therapies paired with WileyPLUS makes a wide variety of visual, audio, tactile, and blended resources easily accessible and provides ample opportunity to SEE, HEAR, and DO anatomy and physiology.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1Organization of the Human Body
Anatomy and Physiology Defined
Levels of Organization and Body Systems
Life Processes
Homeostasis
Aging and Homeostasis
Anatomical Terms
Body Cavities
Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants
Medical Imaging
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 2
Introductory Chemistry
Introduction to Chemistry
Chemical Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
Organic Compounds
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 3
Cells
A Generalized View of the Cell
The Plasma Membrane
Transport Across the Plasma Membrane
Passive Processes
Active Transport
Transport in Vesicles
Cytoplasm
Cytosol
Organelles
Nucleus
Gene Action: Protein Synthesis
Somatic Cell Division
Aging and Cells
Common Disorders
Medical Terminology and Conditions
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 4
Tissues
Introduction
Types of Tissues and Their Origins
Cell Junctions
Tight Junctions
Plaque–Bearing Junctions
Gap Junctions
Epithelial Tissue
Classification
Covering and Lining Epithelium
Glandular Epithelium
Connective Tissue
General Features
Components
Classification
Types of Mature Connective Tissue
Membranes
Mucous Membranes
Serous Membranes
Synovial Membranes
Introduction to Muscle Tissue
Introduction to Nervous Tissue
Aging and Tissues
Clinical Applications
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 5
The Integumentary System
Introduction
Structure of Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Skin Color
Accessory Structures of the Skin
Hair
Skin Glands
Nails
Types of Skin
Functions of the Skin
Blood Supply of the Integumentary System
Developmental Anatomy of the Integumentary System
Aging and the Integumentary System
Clinical Applications
Applications to Health
Pathology of the Integumentary System for Massage Therapists
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 6
Bone Tissue
Introduction
Functions of the Skeletal System
Anatomy of a Bone
Histology of Bone Tissue
Compact Bone Tissue
Spongy Bone Tissue
Nerve and Blood Supply of Bone
Bone Formation
Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral Ossification
Bone Growth
Bone Replacement
Fracture and Repair of Bone
Exercise and Bone Tissue
Developmental Anatomy of the Skeletal System
Aging and Bone Tissue
Clinical Applications
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 7
The Skeletal System: The Appendicular Skeleton
Introduction
Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Upper Limbs (Extremity)
Humerus
Ulna and Radius
Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Comparison of Female and Male Pelves
Comparison of Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles
Lower Limb (Extremity)
Femur
Patella
Tibia and Fibula
Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges
Arches of the Foot
Clinical Applications
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 8
The Skeletal System: The Axial Skeleton
Introduction
Divisions of the Skeletal System
Types of Bones
Bone Surface Markings
Vertebral Column
Parts of a Typical Vertebra
Regions
Intervertebral Discs
Normal Curves
Thorax
Sternum
Ribs
Skull
General Features
Cranial Bones
Facial Bones
Special Features of the Skull
Cranial Fossae
Hyoid Bone
Clinical Applications
Applications to Health
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 9
Joints
Introduction
Joint Classifications
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints
Structure of Synovial Joints
Bursae and Tendon Sheaths
Types of Synovial Joints
Types of Movements at Synovial Joints
Selected Joints of the Body
Temporomandibular Joint
Shoulder Joint
Elbow Joint
Hip Joint
Knee Joint
Vertebral Joint
Factors Affecting Contact and Range of Motion
Aging and Joints
Clinical Applications
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 10
Muscle Tissue
Overview of Muscle Tissue
Types of Muscle Tissue
Functions of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Connective Tissue Components
Nerve and Blood Supply
Histology
Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle
Basics of the Sliding–Filament Mechanism
Neuromuscular Junctions
Physiology of Contraction
Relaxation
Muscle Tone
Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Control of Muscle Tension
Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle Tissue – Introduction
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Aging and the Muscular System
Clinical Applications
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 11
The Muscular System: Muscles of the Head and Neck
Introduction
How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movement
Origins and Insertion
Lever Systems
Effects of Fascicle Arrangement
Coordination Within Muscle Groups
How Skeletal Muscles are Named
Selected Muscles of the Head and Neck
Muscles of Facial Expression
Muscles That Move the Eyeballs – Introduction
Muscles That Move the Mandible
Muscles That Move the Tongue – Introduction
Muscles of the Floor of the Oral Cavity
Muscles That Move the Head
Muscles of the Larynx – Introduction
Muscles of the Pharynx – Introduction
Clinical Applications
Applications to Health
TMJ
Sternocleidomastoid – Problem Child
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 12
The Muscular System: Muscles of the Torso
Introduction
Muscles That Act on the Abdominal Wall
Muscles Used in Breathing
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum – Introduction
Muscles That Move the Vertebral Column
Clinical Applications
Quadratus Lumborum – The Hip Hiker
Erector Spinae –
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 13
The Muscular System: Muscles of the Upper Extremity
Muscles That Move the Pectoral Girdle
Muscles That Move the Humerus
Muscles That Move the Radius and Ulna
Muscles That Move the Wrist, Hand, and Digits
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Clinical Applications
Pectoralis Minor and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Tennis Elbow
Golf Elbow
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 14
The Muscular System: Muscles of the Lower Extremity
Introduction
Muscles That Move the Femur
Muscles That Act on the Femur, Tibia, and Fibula
Muscles That more the Foot and Toes
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot – Introduction
Clinical Applications
Sciatica and Piriformis
Shinsplints
Tracking of the Patella
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 15
Nervous Tissue
Overview of the Nervous System
Structures of the Nervous System
Functions of the Nervous System
Organization of the Nervous System
Histology of the Nervous System
Neurons
Neuroglia
Myelination
Gray and White Matter
Action Potentials – Introduction
Synaptic Transmission
Events at a Synapse
Neurotransmitters
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 16
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Introduction
Spinal Cord Anatomy
Protective Structures
External Anatomy
Internal Anatomy
Spinal Cord Functions
Sensory and Motor Tracts
Reflexes and Reflex Arcs
Stretch Reflex
Tendon Reflex
Flexor Reflex
Cross Extensor Reflex
Babinski Reflex
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 17
Brain and Cranial Nerves
Introduction
Developmental Anatomy of the Nervous System
Protective Coverings
Brain Blood Supply and the Blood–Brain Barrier
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Brain Stem
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
Reticular Formation
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Limbic System
Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
Somatic Sensory and Somatic Motor Pathways
Hemispheric Lateralization
Memory
Electroencephalogram – Introduction
Cranial Nerves
Aging and the Nervous System
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Chapter 18
The Autonomic Nervous System
Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
Structure of the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Division
Parasympathetic Division
Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
ANS Neurotransmitters
Activities of the ANS
Sympathetic Activities
Parasympathetic Activities
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 19
Somatic and Special Senses
Overview of Sensations
Somatic Senses
Tactile Sensations
Touch
Pressure and Vibration
Itch and Tickle
Thermal Sensations
Pain Sensations
Proprioception Sensations
Special Senses
Olfaction
Taste
Vision
Hearing
Equilibrium
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 20
The Endocrine System
Introduction
Chemistry and Mechanisms of Hormone Action
Control of Hormone Secretions
Hypothalamus ands Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
Thyroid Gland
Actions of Thyroid Hormones
Controls of Thyroid Hormone Secretion
Calcitonin
Parathyroid Glands
Pancreatic Islets and Hormones
Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Adrenal Medulla Hormones
Ovaries and Testes
Pineal Gland
Other Hormones – Introduction
The Stress Response
Aging and the Endocrine System
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 21
The Cardiovascular System: Blood
Functions of Blood
Components of Whole Blood
Blood Plasma
Formed Elements
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Hemostasis
Vascular Spasm
Platelet Plug Formation
Clotting
Hemostatic Control Mechanisms
Clotting in Blood Vessels
Blood Groups and Blood Types
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 22
The Cardiovascular System: Heart
Structure and Organization of the Heart
Location and Coverings of the Heart
Heart Wall
Chambers
Great Vessels of the Heart
Valves
Blood Flow and Blood Supply of the Heart
Conduction System of the Heart
Electrocardiogram – Introduction
The Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds
Cardiac Output
Regulation of Stroke Volume
Regulation of Heart Rate
Exercise and the Heart
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 23
The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels
Blood Vessel Structure and Function
Arteries and Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules and Veins
Blood Flow Through Blood Vessels
Blood Pressure
Resistance
Regulation of Blood Pressure and Resistance
Checking Circulation
Circulatory Routes
Systemic Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Hepatic Portal Circulation
Fetal Circulation
Aging and the Cardiovascular System
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 24
The Lymphatic System
Lymphatic and Immune System
Lymphatic Organs and Tissues
Thymus
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Lymphatic Nodules
Nonspecific Resistance
First Line of Defense: Barriers
Second Line of Defense: Internal Defenses
Specific Resistance: Immunity
Maturation of T Cells and B Cells
Types of Immune Response
Antigens and Antibodies
T Cells and Cell–Mediated Immunity
B Cells and Antibody–Mediated Immunity
Immunological Memory
Primary and Secondary Response
Naturally vs. Artificially Acquired Immunity
Aging and the Immune System
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 25
The Respiratory System
Organs of the Respiratory System
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi and Bronchioles
Lungs
Ventilation – Introduction
Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Transport of Respiratory Gases – Introduction
Control of Respiration
Exercise and the Respiratory System
Aging and the Respiratory System
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 26
The Digestive System
Overview of the Digestive System
Layers of the GI Tract and the Omentum
Mouth
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Teeth
Digestion in the Mouth – Introduction
Pharynx and Esophagus
Stomach
Structure of the Stomach
Digestion and Absorption in the Stomach
Pancreas
Structure of the Pancreas
Pancreatic Juice
Regulation of Pancreatic Secretions
Liver and Gallbladder
Structure
Bile
Functions of the Liver
Small Intestine
Structure
Intestinal Juice
Digestion and Absorption in the Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Structure
Digestion and Absorption in the Large Intestine
The Defecation Reflex
Aging and the Digestive System
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 27
Nutrition and Metabolism
Nutrients
Metabolism
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism
Protein Metabolism
Metabolism and Body Heat
Measuring Heat
Body Temperature Homeostasis
Regulation of Body Temperature
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 28
The Urinary System
Overview
Structure of the Kidneys
External Anatomy
Internal Anatomy
Renal Blood Supply
Nephrons
Functions of the Nephron
Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
Components of Urine
Transportation, Storage, and Elimination of Urine
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Micturition
Aging and the Urinary System
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Chapter 29
The Reproductive Systems
Male Reproductive System
Scrotum and Testes
Ducts
Accessory Sex Glands
Semen
Penis
Female Reproductive System
Ovaries
Uterine Tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Perineum and Vulva
Mammary Glands
Female Reproductive Cycle
Hormonal Control
Phases of the Cycle
The Human Sexual Response – Introduction
Birth Control and Abortion – Introduction
Aging and the Reproductive Systems
Applications to Health
Medical Terminology
Study Outline
Self Quiz
Glossary
