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Spacecraft Thermal Control

  • Book

  • October 2018
  • Elsevier Science and Technology
  • ID: 2719941
Thermal control systems are an essential element of spacecraft design, ensuring that all parts of the spacecraft remain within acceptable temperature ranges at all times. Spacecraft thermal control describes the fundamentals of thermal control design and reviews current thermal control technologies. The book begins with an overview of space missions and a description of the space environment, followed by coverage of the heat transfer processes relevant to the field. In the third part of the book, current thermal control technologies are described, and in the final part, design, analysis and testing techniques are reviewed.

Table of Contents

List of figures

List of tables

Foreword

About the authors

Chapter 1: The space mission

Abstract:

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Mission analysis and design

1.3 Elements of a space mission

1.4 Types of space missions

1.5 Spacecraft design: subsystems and payloads

Chapter 2: Space environment

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Ground environment

2.3 Launch thermal environment

2.4 In-orbit thermal environment

2.5 Other in-orbit environmental aspects

Chapter 3: Keplerian orbits

Abstract:

3.1 One-body problem

3.2 The orbit in space

3.3 Orbit perturbations

3.4 Lighting conditions

3.5 Types of orbits

Chapter 4: Conductive heat transfer

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Fourier's law

4.3 The heat diffusion equation

4.4 Boundary and initial conditions

4.5 Conductive shape factors

4.6 Numerical methods in heat conduction

Chapter 5: Thermal radiation heat transfer

Abstract:

5.1 Nature of thermal radiation

5.2 Blackbody radiation

5.3 Properties of real surfaces

5.4 View factors

5.5 Radiation exchange between opaque, diffuse, and grey surfaces in an enclosure

Chapter 6: Thermal control surfaces

Abstract:

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Thermal control coatings

6.3 Thermal coating degradation

Chapter 7: Insulation systems

Abstract:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Multilayer insulations

7.3 Foams

Chapter 8: Radiators

Abstract:

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Passive cryogenic radiant coolers

8.3 Thermal efficiency

8.4 V-groove radiators

Chapter 9: Louvers

Abstract:

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Description of louvers

9.3 Performance of louvers

9.4 MEMS louvers

Chapter 10: Mechanical interfaces

Abstract:

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Thermal contact conductance

10.3 Thermal fillers

10.4 Thermal braids and straps

Chapter 11: Heat pipes

Abstract:

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Capillarity

11.3 Working fluids

11.4 Wicks

11.5 Other capillary heat transfer designs

Chapter 12: Phase change capacitors

Abstract:

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Characteristics of phase change materials

12.3 Materials data

12.4 Phase change material technology

12.5 The performance of phase change materials

Chapter 13: Heaters

Abstract:

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Electrical heaters

13.3 Radioisotope heat sources

13.4 Heat switches

Chapter 14: Pumped fluid loops

Abstract:

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Mechanically pumped single-phase fluid loops

14.3 Mechanically pumped two-phase fluid loops

Chapter 15: Thermoelectric cooling

Abstract:

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Fundamentals

15.3 Space applications

Chapter 16: Cryogenic systems

Abstract:

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Refrigerating systems

Chapter 17: Thermal protection systems

Abstract:

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Ablative systems

17.3 Radiative systems

17.4 Other thermal protection techniques

Chapter 18: Thermal control design

Abstract:

18.1 Design objectives and requirements

18.2 Design process

18.3 Load cases

Chapter 19: Thermal mathematical models

Abstract:

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Thermal analysis software

Chapter 20: Thermal control testing

Abstract:

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Testing objectives

20.3 Model philosophy

20.4 Development tests

20.5 Thermal balance tests

20.6 Thermal vacuum tests

20.7 Test facilities

Chapter 21: Conclusion

Index

Authors

J Meseguer Professor José Meseguer is a Full Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), and the Director of IDR/UPM, an Institute of UPM for Aerospace Research and Development activities; he has worked in several ESA/ESTEC contracts on thermal control (Spacecraft Thermal Control Design Data Handbook). I Pérez-Grande Dr Isabel Pérez-Grande is Associate Professor of Thermodynamics at UPM, and the Head of the Thermal Control Division of IDR/UPM. She was responsible for the thermal control design and testing of the satellite UPM-Sat 1, as well as the thermal control of several instruments for ESA missions. A Sanz-Andrés Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain. Professor Angel Sanz-Andrés was the technical director of the satellite UPM-Sat 1, and is Full Professor of Aerospace Engineering at UPM; he is advisor in thermal and structural design in the development of several scientific space instruments. Member of the European Space Agency (ESA) "Physical Science Working Group” (PSWG).