Heart Failure in the Child and Young Adult. From Bench to Bedside

Table of Contents

Section I: Basic Science of Heart Failure 1. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Heart Failure 2. Cardiovascular Receptors and Signaling in Heart Failure 3. Inflammatory Mediators in Heart Failure 4. Mechanisms of Hypertrophy in Heart Failure 5. Hemodynamic Adaptive Mechanisms in Heart Failure 6. Neurohormonal Axis and Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure 7. The Pressure-Volume Relationship in Heart Failure 8. Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction Mechanisms and Assessment of Systolic vs Diastolic Heart Failure 9. The Alveolar-Capillary Interface and Pulmonary Edema 10. Echocardiographic Quantitation of Ventricular Function 11. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Heart Failure 12. Assessment of Heart Failure by Invasive Methods

Section II: Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Heart Failure 13. Epidemiology and Economic Aspects of Pediatric Heart Failure 14. Clinical Recognition of Congestive Heart Failure in Children 15. Classification of Heart Failure 16. Right Ventricular Dysfunction 17. Pediatric Myocarditis 18. Dilated Cardiomyopathy 19. Clinical Features of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy and Constrictive Pericarditis 20. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 21. Left Ventricular Noncompaction 22. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathies 23. Valvular Insufficiency and Heart Failure 24. Valvular Stenosis and Heart Failure 25. Coronary Artery Disease in Children and Young Adults 26. Heart Failure in Congenital Heart Disease Including Single Ventricle Circulation 27. Heart Failure in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease 28. Dysrhythmias and Ventricular Dysfunction and Heart Failure 29. Heart Failure in the Fetus 30. Heart Failure in the Neonate 31. Heart Failure in Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases 32. Heart Failure and the Pediatric Cardiorenal Syndrome 33. Heart Failure in Pediatric Oncologic Disease 34. The Failing Cardiovascular System in Sepsis 35. Outpatient Management of Pediatric Heart Failure 36. Quality of Life and Psychosocial Care in Pediatric Heart Failure 37. Quality Metrics and Quality Improvement in Pediatric Heart Failure 38. Nursing Aspects of Heart Failure

Section III: Medical Treatment for Pediatric Heart Failure 39. Diuretics and Invasive Fluid Management Strategies 40. Inotropic Agents in Heart Failure 41. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 42. Use of Vasodilators in Heart Failure 43. Beta-adrenergic Receptor Blockade 44. Low Cardiac Output Syndrome in the Intensive Care Setting 45. New Therapeutic Strategies in Heart Failure 46. Electrophysiologic Devices in Heart Failure 47. Catheter Device Therapy for Heart Failure

Section IV: Cardiac Surgery and Pediatric Heart Failure 48. Post-Transplant Heart Failure 49. Surgical Strategies for the Failing Systemic Ventricle 50. Valve Intervention for Valve Failure 51. General Principles of Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Support 52. Short-Term Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Support Devices 53. Decision Making in Ventricular Assist Device Support in Pediatric Patients 54. Long Term Ventricular Assist Devices in Children 55. The Adult Experience with Long-Term Assist Devices 56. Future of Mechanical Support Devices in Children and Young Adults

Section V: Special Topics 57. Genetics and Genomics 58. Genetic Testing 59. Data Management and Analytics 60. Self-Management and Outpatient Monitoring 61. Regenerative Medicine and Nanomedicine 62. Nanomedicine 63. Nutritional Assessment and Management in Pediatric Heart Failure

Authors

John L Jefferies Associate Professor of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Cardiovascular Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Dr. John L. Jefferies is an associate professor of pediatric cardiology and adult cardiovascular diseases at Cincinnati's Children's Hospital Department of Pediatrics. He is the director of Advanced Heart Failure / Cardiomyopathy within The Heart Institute at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. He has authored or co-authored over 100 peer-reviewed manuscripts and book chapters on cardiomyopathy, cardiovascular genetics, and adults with congenital heart disease. His current research interests include heritable causes of vascular disease, novel drug therapies for advanced heart failure, novel gene discovery in cardiomyopathy, characterization and management of left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), and early diagnosis and management of chemotherapy induced cardiotoxicity. Anthony C Chang Chief Intelligence and Innovation Officer, Medical Director, The Sharon Disney Lund Medical Intelligence and Innovation Institute (MI3), Children's Hospital of Orange County, USA. Dr. Chang is internationally-recognized as an expert in the field of pediatric cardiology. He is one of the founding members of the Asia-Pacific Pediatric Cardiac Society (APPCS) and will be initiating the foundation arm of the society at the bequest of the board. Dr. Chang has been voted "Physician of Excellence” by the Orange County Medical Association and also selected as one of America's "Top Doctors,” "Top Pediatricians,” and "Best Cardiologists” by several organizations. He is a member of the grant review committee for pediatric research at the National Institutes of Health; and board of directors for the American Heart Association. Joseph W Rossano Executive Director, The Cardiac Center, Medical Director, Heart Failure and Transplantation, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA. Dr. Rossano is the medical director of Pediatric Heart Transplant and Heart Failure. He is also an attending physician in the Cardiac Center and the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) and an assistant professor of Pediatrics at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Rossano is principal investigator or co-investigator on several ongoing research studies of the use of ventricular assist devices and artificial hearts in children, studying the effectiveness of post-transplant treatments for children who have received heart transplants, an observational study of children with heart failure, and building a registry of pediatric heart transplant patients that aims to further the knowledge of pediatric heart disease and transplantation. Robert E Shaddy Chief of the Division of Cardiology, Jennifer Terker Endowed Chair in Pediatric Cardiology at CHOP. Dr. Shaddy is Chief of the Division of Cardiology at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and holds the Jennifer Terker Endowed Chair in Pediatric Cardiology. He is Professor of Pediatrics and Vice Chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Shaddy brings more than 25 years of experience as a cardiologist caring for children with heart failure to his role as one of the leaders of the transplant program. Jeffrey A Towbin Executive Co-Director, The Heart Institute, Kindervelt-Samuel Kaplan Professor and Chief, Pediatric Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA. Dr. Towbin has helped develop and directed the Pediatric Heart Failure and Transplant Program, and the Cardiovascular Genetics Clinic, both of which are currently amongst the largest in the U.S. He now has a separate Cardiomyopathy Clinic. Dr. Towbin's work in deciphering the causes of sudden cardiac death due to heart muscle disease and cardiac rhythm disorders has been instrumental in advancing the understanding of these disorders, and his work on the treatment of these disorders is helping break new ground.