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Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering. Edition No. 1

  • Book

  • 400 Pages
  • October 2018
  • John Wiley and Sons Ltd
  • ID: 4457642

An authoritative introduction to the science and engineering of bioinspired materials

Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering offers a comprehensive view of the science and engineering of bioinspired materials and includes a discussion of biofabrication approaches and applications of bioinspired materials as they are fed back to nature in the guise of biomaterials. The authors also review some biological compounds and shows how they can be useful in the engineering of bioinspired materials.

With contributions from noted experts in the field, this comprehensive resource considers biofabrication, biomacromolecules, and biomaterials. The authors illustrate the bioinspiration process from materials design and conception to application of bioinspired materials. In addition, the text presents the multidisciplinary aspect of the concept, and contains a typical example of how knowledge is acquired from nature, and how in turn this information contributes to biological sciences, with an accent on biomedical applications. This important resource:

  • Offers an introduction to the science and engineering principles for the development of bioinspired materials
  • Includes a summary of recent developments on biotemplated formation of inorganic materials using natural templates
  • Illustrates the fabrication of 3D-tumor invasion models and their potential application in drug assessments
  • Explores electroactive hydrogels based on natural polymers
  • Contains information on turning mechanical properties of protein hydrogels for biomedical applications

Written for chemists, biologists, physicists, and engineers, Bioinspired Materials Science and Engineering contains an indispensible resource for an understanding of bioinspired materials science and engineering. 

Table of Contents

List of Contributors xiii

Foreword xvii

Preface xix

Introduction to Science and Engineering Principles for the Development of Bioinspired Materials 1
Muhammad Wajid Ullah, Zhijun Shi, Sehrish Manan, and Guang Yang

I.1 Bioinspiration 1

I.2 Bioinspired Materials 1

I.3 Biofabrication 2

I.3.1 Summary of Part I Biofabrication 2

I.4 Biofabrication Strategies 3

I.4.1 Conventional Biofabrication Strategies 3

I.4.2 Advanced Biofabrication Strategies 3

I.5 Part II Biomacromolecules 5

I.5.1 Summary of Part II Biomacromolecules 5

I.5.2 Carbohydrates 5

I.5.3 Proteins 8

I.5.4 Nucleic Acids 9

I.6 Part III Biomaterials 11

I.6.1 Summary of Part III Biomaterials 11

I.6.2 Features of Biomaterials 12

I.6.3 Current Advances in Biomaterials Science 13

I.7 Scope of the Book 13

Acknowledgments 14

References 14

Part I Biofabrication 17

1 Biotemplating Principles 19
Cordt Zollfrank and Daniel Van Opdenbosch

1.1 Introduction 19

1.2 Mineralization in Nature 20

1.2.1 Biomineralization 20

1.2.2 Geological Mineralization 21

1.3 Petrified Wood in Construction and Technology 23

1.4 Structural Description and Emulation 24

1.4.1 Antiquity 24

1.4.2 Modern Age: Advent of the Light Microscope 24

1.4.3 Aqueous Silicon Dioxide, Prime Mineralization Agent 25

1.4.4 Artificial Petrifaction of Wood 25

1.5 Characteristic Parameters 28

1.5.1 Hierarchical Structuring 28

1.5.2 Specific Surface Areas 32

1.5.3 Pore Structures 32

1.6 Applications 34

1.6.1 Mechanoceramics 34

1.6.2 Nanoparticle Substrates 35

1.6.3 Filter and Burner Assemblies 35

1.6.4 Photovoltaic and Sensing Materials 36

1.6.5 Wettability Control 37

1.6.6 Image Plates 38

1.7 Limitations and Challenges 38

1.7.1 Particle Growth 38

1.7.2 Comparison with Alternating Processing Principles 40

1.7.3 Availability 40

1.8 Conclusion and Future Topics 42

Acknowledgments 42

Notes 42

References 43

2 Tubular Tissue Engineering Based on Microfluidics 53
Lixue Tang, Wenfu Zheng, and Xingyu Jiang

2.1 Introduction 53

2.2 Natural Tubular Structures 53

2.2.1 Blood Vessels 53

2.2.2 Lymphatic Vessels 53

2.2.3 Vessels in the Digestive System 54

2.2.4 Vessels in the Respiratory System 54

2.2.5 The Features of the Natural Tubular Structures 54

2.3 Microfluidics 54

2.3.1 An Introduction to Microfluidics 54

2.3.2 Microfluidics to Manipulate Cells 55

2.4 Fabrication of Tubular Structures by Microfluidics 58

2.4.1 Angiogenesis 58

2.4.2 Tissue Engineering of Natural Tubes 58

2.4.3 Tissue Engineering of Other Tubular Structures 62

2.5 Conclusion 64

Acknowledgments 64

References 64

3 Construction of Three‐Dimensional Tissues with Capillary Networks by Coating of Nanometer‐ or Micrometer‐Sized Film on Cell Surfaces 67
Michiya Matsusaki, Akihiro Nishiguchi, Chun‐Yen Liu, and Mitsuru Akashi

3.1 Introduction 67

3.2 Fabrication of Nanometer‐ and Micrometer‐Sized ECM Layers on Cell Surfaces 68

3.2.1 Control of Cell Surface by FN Nanofilms 68

3.2.2 Control of Cell Surface by Collagen Microfilms 72

3.3 3D‐ Tissue with Various Thicknesses and Cell Densities 75

3.4 Fabrication of Vascularized 3D‐Tissues and Their Applications 77

3.5 Conclusion 80

Acknowledgments 80

References 80

4 Three‐dimensional Biofabrication on Nematic Ordered Cellulose Templates 83
Tetsuo Kondo

4.1 Introduction 83

4.2 What Is Nematic Ordered Cellulose (NOC)? 84

4.2.1 Nematic Ordered Cellulose 84

4.2.2 Various Nematic Ordered Templates and Modified Nematic Ordered Cellulose 87

4.3 Exclusive Surface Properties of NOC and Its Unique Applications 89

4.3.1 Bio‐Directed Epitaxial Nano‐Deposition on Molecular Tracks of the NOC Template 89

4.3.2 Critical Factors in Bio‐Directed Epitaxial Nano‐Deposition on Molecular Tracks 90

4.3.3 Regulated Patterns of Bacterial Movements Based on Their Secreted Cellulose Nanofibers Interacting Interfacially with Ordered Chitin and Honeycomb Cellulose Templates 93

4.3.4 NOC Templates Mediating Order‐Patterned Deposition Accompanied by Synthesis of Calcium Phosphates as Biomimic Mineralization 97

4.3.5 Three‐Dimensional Culture of Epidermal Cells on NOC Scaffolds 98

4.4 Conclusion 100

References 101                                                                                                                                                                                

5 Preparation and Application of Biomimetic Materials Inspired by Mussel Adhesive Proteins 103
Heng Shen, Zhenchao Qian, Ning Zhao, and Jian Xu

5.1 Introduction 103

5.2 Various Research Studies 104

5.3 Conclusion 116

References 116

6 Self‐assembly of Polylactic Acid‐based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers and Their Application in the Biomedical Field 119
Lin Xiao, Lixia Huang, Li Liu, and Guang Yang

6.1 Introduction 119

6.2 Micellar Structures from PLA‐based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers 119

6.2.1 Preparation and Mechanism of Micellar Structures 120

6.2.2 Stability and Stimuli‐Responsive Properties: Molecular Design and Biomedical Applications 122

6.3 Hydrogels from PLA‐based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers 125

6.3.1 Mechanism of Hydrogel Formation from PLA‐based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers 125

6.3.2 Properties and Biomedical Applications of Hydrogel from PLA‐based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers 126

6.4 Conclusion 127

Acknowledgments 127

References 127

Part II Biomacromolecules 131

7 Electroconductive Bioscaffolds for 2D and 3D Cell Culture 133
Zhijun Shi, Lin Mao, Muhammad Wajid Ullah, Sixiang Li, Li Wang, Sanming Hu, and Guang Yang

7.1 Introduction 133

7.2 Electrical Stimulation 133

7.3 Electroconductive Bioscaffolds 135

7.3.1 Conductive Polymers‐based Electroconductive Bioscaffolds 135

7.3.2 Carbon Nanotubes‐based Electroconductive Bioscaffolds 137

7.3.3 Graphene‐based Electroconductive Bioscaffolds 140

7.4 Conclusion 145

Acknowledgments 145

References 145

8 Starch and Plant Storage Polysaccharides 149
Francisco Vilaplana, Wei Zou, and Robert G. Gilbert

8.1 Starch and Other Seed Polysaccharides: Availability, Molecular Structure, and Heterogeneity 149

8.1.1 Molecular Structure and Composition of Seeds and Cereal Grains 149

8.1.2 Starch Hierarchical Structure from Bonds to the Granule 149

8.1.3 Crystalline Structure 149

8.1.4 Granular Structure 150

8.1.5 Mannans, Galactomannans, and Glucomannans 150

8.1.6 Xyloglucans 151

8.1.7 Xylans. Arabinoxylans, Glucuronoxylans, and Glucuronoarabinoxylans 153

8.2 Effect of the Molecular Structure of Starch and Seed Polysaccharides on the Macroscopic Properties of Derived Carbohydrate‐based Materials 154

8.2.1 Factors Affecting Starch Digestibility 154

8.2.2 Structural Aspects of Seed Polysaccharides Affecting Configuration and Macroscopic Properties 158

8.3 Chemo‐ enzymatic Modification Routes for Starch and Seed Polysaccharides 160

8.4 Conclusion 161

References 162

9 Conformational Properties of Polysaccharide Derivatives 167
Ken Terao and Takahiro Sato

9.1 Introduction 167

9.2 Theoretical Backbone to Determine the Chain Conformation of Linear and Cyclic Polymers from Dilute Solution Properties 169

9.3 Chain Conformation of Linear Polysaccharides Carbamate Derivatives in Dilute Solution 171

9.3.1 Effects of the Main Chain Linkage of the Polysaccharides Phenylcarbamate Derivatives 171

9.3.2 Effects of Hydrogen Bonds to Stabilize the Helical Structure 172

9.3.3 Enantiomeric Composition Dependent Chain Dimensions: ATBC and ATEC in d‐, dl‐, l-ethyl lactates 175

9.3.4 Solvent‐Dependent Helical Structure and the Chain Stiffness of Amylose Phenylcarbamates in Polar Solvents 176

9.4 Lyotropic Liquid Crystallinity of Polysaccharide Carbamate Derivatives 177

9.5 Cyclic Amylose Carbamate Derivatives: An Application to Rigid Cyclic Polymers 178

9.6 Conclusion 180

Appendix: Wormlike Chain Parameters for Polysaccharide Carbamate Derivatives 181

References 182

10 Silk Proteins: A Natural Resource for Biomaterials 185
Lallepak Lamboni, Tiatou Souho, Amarachi Rosemary Osi, and Guang Yang

10.1 Introduction 185

10.2 Bio‐ synthesis of Silk Proteins 186

10.2.1 Silkworm Silk Glands 186

10.2.2 Regulation of Silk Proteins Synthesis 186

10.2.3 Synthesis of Fibroin 187

10.2.4 Synthesis of Sericin 187

10.2.5 Silk Filament Assembly 187

10.3 Extraction of Silk Proteins 188

10.3.1 Silk Degumming 188

10.3.2 Fibroin Regeneration 188

10.3.3 Sericin Recovery 189

10.4 Structure and Physical Properties of Silk Proteins 189

10.4.1 Silk Fibroin 189

10.4.2 Silk Sericin 189

10.5 Properties of Silk Proteins in Biomedical Applications 190

10.5.1 Silk Fibroin 190

10.5.2 Biomedical Uses of Silk Sericin 190

10.6 Processing Silk Fibroin for the Preparation of Biomaterials 192

10.6.1 Fabrication of 3D Matrices 193

10.6.2 Fabrication of SF‐based Films 193

10.6.3 Preparation of SF‐based Particulate Materials 194

10.7 Processing Silk Sericin for Biomaterials Applications 194

10.8 Conclusion 194

Acknowledgments 195

Abbreviations 195

References 195

11 Polypeptides Synthesized by Ring‐opening Polymerization of N‐Carboxyanhydrides: Preparation, Assembly, and Applications 201
Yuan Yao, Yongfeng Zhou, and Deyue Yan

11.1 Introduction 201

11.2 Living Polymerization of NCAs 201

11.2.1 Transition Metal Complexes 201

11.2.2 Active Initiators Based on Amines 203

11.2.3 Recent Advances in Living NCA ROP Polymerization, 2013‐2016 204

11.3 Synthesis of Traditional Copolypeptides and Hybrids 204

11.3.1 Random Copolypeptides 205

11.3.2 Hybrid Block Polypeptides 205

11.3.3 Block Copolypeptides 206

11.3.4 Non‐linear Polypeptides and Copolypeptides 206

11.4 New Monomers and Side‐Chain Functionalized Polypeptides 208

11.4.1 New NCA Monomers 208

11.4.2 Glycopolypeptides 208

11.4.3 Water‐soluble Polypeptides with Stable Helical Conformation 209

11.4.4 Stimuli‐responsive Polypeptides 210

11.5 The Self‐assembly of Polypeptides 212

11.5.1 Chiral Self‐assembly 212

11.5.2 Self‐assembly with Inorganic Sources 213

11.5.3 Microphase Separation of Polypeptides 214

11.5.4 Self‐assembly in Solution 214

11.5.5 Polypeptide Gels 215

11.6 Novel Bio‐related Applications of Polypeptides 216

11.6.1 Drug Delivery 216

11.6.2 Gene Delivery 216

11.6.3 Membrane Active and Antimicrobial Polypeptides 217

11.6.4 Tissue Engineering 217

11.7 Conclusion 219

References 219

12 Preparation of Gradient Polymeric Structures and Their Biological Applications 225
Tao Du, Feng Zhou, and Shutao Wang

12.1 Introduction 225

12.2 Gradient Polymeric Structures 225

12.2.1 Gradient Hydrogels 225

12.2.2 Gradient Polymer Brushes 230

12.3 Gradient Polymeric Structures Regulated Cell Behavior 241

12.3.1 Gradient Cell Adhesion 241

12.3.2 Cell Migration 244

12.4 Conclusion 247

References 247

Part III Biomaterials 251

13 Bioinspired Materials and Structures: A Case Study Based on Selected Examples 253
Tom Masselter, Georg Bold, Marc Thielen, Olga Speck, and Thomas Speck

13.1 Introduction 253

13.2 Fiber‐ reinforced Structures Inspired by Unbranched and Branched Plant Stems 253

13.2.1 Technical Plant Stem 254

13.2.2 Branched Fiber‐reinforced Structures 254

13.3 Pomelo Peel as Inspiration for Biomimetic Impact Protectors 255

13.3.1 Hierarchical Structuring and its Influence on the Mechanical Properties 256

13.3.2 Functional Principles for Biomimetic Impact Protectors 258

13.4 Self‐ repair in Technical Materials Inspired by Plants’ Solutions 258

13.4.1 Plant Latex: Self‐Sealing, Self‐Healing and More 258

13.4.2 Wound Sealing in the Dutchmen’s Pipe: Concept Generator for Self‐Sealing Pneumatic Systems 259

13.5 Elastic Architecture: Lessons Learnt from Plant Movements 261

13.5.1 Plant Movements: A Treasure Trove for Basic and Applied Research 261

13.5.2 Flectofin®: a Biomimetic Facade‐Shading System Inspired by the Deformation Principle of the “Perch” of the Bird of Paradise Flower 262

13.6 Conclusions 264

Acknowledgments 264

References 264

14 Thermal‐ and Photo‐deformable Liquid Crystal Polymers and Bioinspired Movements 267
Yuyun Liu, Jiu‐an Lv, and Yanlei Yu

14.1 Introduction 267

14.2 Thermal‐ responsive CLCPs 267

14.2.1 Thermal‐responsive Deformation of CLCPs 267

14.2.2 Bioinspired Thermal‐responsive Nanostructure CLCP Surfaces 271

14.3 Photothermal‐ responsive CLCPs 276

14.4 Light‐ responsive CLCPs 278

14.4.1 Light‐responsive Deformation of CLCPs 278

14.4.2 Bioinspired Soft Actuators 282

14.4.3 Bioinspired Light‐responsive Microstructured CLCP Surfaces 285

14.4 Conclusion 290

References 291

15 Tuning Mechanical Properties of Protein Hydrogels: Inspirations from Nature and Lessons from Synthetic Polymers 295
Xiao‐Wei Wang, Dong Liu, Guang‐Zhong Yin, and Wen‐Bin Zhang

15.1 Introduction 295

15.2 What Are Different about Proteins? 296

15.2.1 Protein Structure and Function 296

15.2.2 Protein Synthesis 297

15.3 Protein Cross‐linking 298

15.3.1 Chemical Cross‐linking of Proteins 298

15.3.2 Physical Cross‐linking of Proteins 299

15.4 Strategies for Mechanical Reinforcement 300

15.4.1 Lessons from Synthetic Polymers 302

15.4.2 Inspirations from Nature 305

15.5 Conclusion 306

References 307

16 Dendritic Polymer Micelles for Drug Delivery 311
Mosa Alsehli and Mario Gauthier

16.1 Introduction 311

16.2 Dendrimers 312

16.2.1 Dendrimer Synthesis: Divergent and Convergent Methods 312

16.3 Hyperbranched Polymers 319

16.4 Dendrigraft Polymers 323

16.4.1 Divergent Grafting Onto Strategy 323

16.4.2 Divergent Grafting from Strategy 328

16.4.3 Convergent Grafting Through Strategy 332

16.5 Conclusion 333

References 334

17 Bone‐inspired Biomaterials 337
Frank A. Müller

17.1 Introduction 337

17.2 Bone 337

17.3 Bone‐ like Materials 340

17.3.1 Biomimetic Apatite 340

17.3.2 Bone‐inspired Hybrids 343

17.4 Bone‐ like Scaffolds 344

17.4.1 Additive Manufacturing 344

17.4.2 Ice Templating 346

17.5 Conclusion 349

References 349

18 Research Progress in Biomimetic Materials for Human Dental Caries Restoration 351
Yazi Wang, Fengwei Liu, Eric Habib, Ruili Wang, Xiaoze Jiang, X.X. Zhu, and Meifang Zhu

18.1 Introduction 351

18.2 Tooth Structure 351

18.3 The Formation Mechanism of Dental Caries 352

18.4 HA‐ filled Biomimetic Resin Composites 352

18.4.1 Particulate HA as Filler in Dental Restorative Resin Composites 352

18.4.2 Novel Shapes of HA as Fillers in Dental Restorative Resin Composites 354

18.4.3 Challenges and Future Developments 355

18.5 Biomimetic Synthesis of Enamel Microstructure 356

18.5.1 Amelogenins‐containing Systems 356

18.5.2 Peptides‐containing Systems 357

18.5.3 Biopolymer Gel Systems 359

18.5.4 Dendrimers‐containing Systems 360

18.5.5 Surfactants/Chelators‐containing Systems 360

18.5.6 Challenges and Future Developments 360

Acknowledgments 362

References 362

Index 365

 

Authors

Guang Yang Lin Xiao Lallepak Lamboni