Industrial and Municipal Sludge. Emerging Concerns and Scope for Resource Recovery

Table of Contents

Section 1: Sludge: Sources and Characterization 1. Sludge from waste water treatment plants 2. Sludge from pulp, tannery and distillery industries 3. Sludge from oil refinery 4. Sludge from chemical industry 5. Sludge from antibiotic wastewater treatment plants- Fate of antibiotic resistance 6. Earthworms converting milk processing industry sludge into biomanure

Section 2: Sludge Management 7. Activation, conditioning and engineering of sludge 8. General considerations on sludge disposal 9. Sludge legislation (comparison between different countries) 10. Enhanced sludge degradation process using a microbial electrolysis cell 11. Sludge dewatering Processes for enhanced performance 12. Rheological characterization of digested sludge

Section 3: Contaminants in Sludge and Treatment strategies 13. Ecological and human health risks (general aspects of sludge ecotoxicity and public health) 14. Emerging contaminants in sludge (Endocrine disruptors, Pesticides and Pharmaceutical residues, including illicit drugs/controlled substances, etc.) 15. Traditional contaminants in sludge (Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, perfluorinated chemicals, alkylphenol surfactants, etc.) 16. Bioleaching of sludge [with an enriched sulfur-oxidizing bacterial community] 17. Sludge as medium for degradation of textile industry effluents

Section 4: Valorization of Sludge as a Resource 18. Fertilizer for agriculture/ Manure for agro-forestry Sludge ash to horticultural crops 19. Sludge multifunctions in a phytobiome - (Forest and plantation application incl. microbial aspects) 20. Co-composting of sewage sludge and wetland plant material from a constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater 21. Biochar production from sludge 22. Phosphorus extraction and sludge dissolution 23. Recovery of valuable metals from sludge (Bioleaching and use of sulfur-oxidizing bacterial community) 24. Water-based paint sludge from automotive industries

Section 5: Energy recovery from sludge 25. Co-processing of sewage sludge in cement kiln 26. Biorefinery-based valorisation of pulp and paper sludge opportunities and challenges 27. Volatile fatty acid yield from sludge anaerobic fermentation through biotechnological approach 28. Biogas (methane production) and energy recovery from different sludges 29. Biogas production by continuous thermal hydrolysis and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge 30. Sewage Sludge based Microbial fuel cell

Authors

Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad Professor, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India. Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad is currently Emeritus Professor, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India. He has made outstanding contributions to the fields of bioremediation, bioresources, biomass energy sources, bioeconomy and to the broad field of environmental biotechnology, all of which are his main areas of expertise. Dr. Prasad has served the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India in various advisory committees on biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, pollution control and abatement, environmental information systems and bioremediation of contaminated sites. He is an active visiting scientist in several international universities. Paulo Jorge de Campos Favas Professor, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. Dr De Campos Favas is a professor in the Department of Geology of the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro as well as a member of the Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE) from the University of Coimbra. He has been involved in 10 research projects. He is author and co-author of 29 peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals and 136 papers in conference proceedings, has 19 book chapters and 2 books published. His main areas of research are: heavy metals and arsenic contamination (soil, sediment, water); acid mine drainage; bioaccumulation of metals in plants (aquatic and terrestrial environments); hyperaccumulator plants; phytoremediation; bioindication; restoration of degraded mine areas. Meththika Vithanage Leader of the Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Science at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. She is the leader of the Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Science at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, Visiting Associate Research Professor, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Sri Lanka and an Adjunct Associate Research Professor at the University of Southern Queensland, Australia. Dr. Vithanage's research approach builds on enabling measurements of concentrations and reaction rates in environmental samples for key/emerging pollutants in the environment in order to assess their fate and transport to discover solutions to remediate those using different geo/bio/nano materials. Dr. Vithanage is particularly interested in elucidating the mechanistic understanding of release/remediation of pollutants with contrasting physical and chemical properties that can be used to obtain insights into environmental partitioning, chemical persistence and ultimate accumulation in biota. To this end, her current research interests are focused on monitoring atmospheric deposition, landfill leachate, water and soil for pollutants, develop and enhance the properties of biochar, nano/geo substances and composites as material for environmental remediation. She has received several awards from,TWAS-NSF Award for the Young Scientist, American Geophysical Union, Presidential Awards for Publications, Awards for science popularization and for post graduate supervision by the National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka. She is a Young Affiliate of the Third World Academy of Sciences. She was the Chairperson of the Young Scientists Forum on the National Science and Technology Commission of Sri Lanka in 2017. Currently, she is the President of the Engineering, Architecture, Surveying Section of the Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science. She has contributed more than 80 Science Citation Indexed journal articles and 25 book chapters. Her citation record is now passed 2300 with an H index of 24. S.Venkata Mohan Principal Scientist, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India. Dr.S.Venkata Mohan is working as Principal Scientist in CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad since 1998. He was a Visiting Professor at Kyoto University (2005) and Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Fellow at Technical University of Munich, Germany (2001-02). His main research interests are in the domain of Environmental Bioengineering Specifically in the areas of Advance Waste Remediation, Aciodogenesis, Microbial Electrogenesis, Photosynthesis and Waste Biorefinery. He has authored more than 310 research articles, 36 chapters for books, edited 4 books and has 9 patents. His publication has more than 12,750 citations with an h-index of 62 (Google Scholar). He has guided 22 PhDs., 2 M.Phils and more than 100 M.Tech./B.Tech./M.Sc. students. Recently, Dr Mohan recently successfully demonstrated a pilot plant for biohydrogen production from waste for MNRE and waste fed biorefinery platform for CSIR. He carried out various industrial and consultancy projects in the area of environmental management. Dr Mohan is recipient of coveted 'Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize' for the year 2014 in Engineering Sciences from Government of India. He also received several awards and honours, which includes, Most outstanding Researcher in the field of Environmental Science in India- 2018 by Carrer360, as 'National Bioscience award-2012' by DBT, Government of India, SERB-IGCW-2017 for 'Biohydrogen Technology' from DST-SERB, Environmental Engineering Design Award 2017 by the National Design and Research Forum (NDRF) of Institute of Engineers, India (2017), 'Prosper.net-Scopus Young Researcher Award in Sustainable Development -2010' under Energy Category by United Nations University and Elsevier, 'NASI-Scopus Young Scientist Award- 2010' in Earth, Oceanographic & Environmental Sciences by NASI and Elsevier, Nawab Zain Yar Jung Bahadur Memorial Prize-1994 by The Institution of Engineers (India), etc. Dr Mohan is an elected Fellow of National Academy of Engineering, Biotech Research Society of India, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh Akademy of Sciences, International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses, Institution of Engineers, International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, etc. Dr Mohan is National Editor for Science Portal (EVS), subject Editor for the Journal of Energy, Associate Editor for Frontiers in Environmental Science and Frontiers in Energy Research and is serving on the Editorial Board of several journals viz., Bioresource Technology, Advances in Energy Research, Carbon Resources Conversion, etc.