Balancing Greenhouse Gas Budgets. Accounting for Natural and Anthropogenic Flows of CO2 and other Trace Gases

Table of Contents

I. Background 1. Balancing Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks: from global budgets to climate policies

II. Methods 2. CO2 emissions from energy systems and industrial processes: Inventories from data- and proxy-driven approaches 3. Bottom-up approaches for estimating terrestrial GHG budgets: Bookkeeping, process-based modeling, and data-driven methods 4. Top-Down Approaches

III. Case Studies 5. Arctic Ecosystems 6. Boreal Forests 7. Temperate forests and grasslands 8. Tropical Ecosystem Greenhouse Gas Accounting 9. Semi-arid Ecosystems 10. Urban Environments and Trans-boundary Linkages 11. Ocean systems 12. Greenhouse gas balances in coastal ecosystems: Current challenges in "blue carbon" estimation and significance to national greenhouse gas inventories 13. Agricultural Systems

IV. Forward Looking 14. Applications of top-down methods to anthropogenic GHG emission estimation 15. Earth System Perspective

Authors

Benjamin Poulter Biospheric Sciences Lab, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, University of Maryland College Park. Dr Ben Poulter is a Research Scientist in the Earth Sciences Division at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. He is an expert in using remote sensing and dynamic global vegetation models to quantify and monitor terrestrial ecosystem carbon stocks and the fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane. He has contributed to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports (AR5 and AR6), the United States State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR-2), and has published numerous manuscripts on forest and wetland dynamics in response to natural disturbances, land-use change, changing climate and rising atmospheric CO2. Joseph Canadell Executive Director of the Global Carbon Project and Senior Principal Research Scientist CSIRO. Dr Josep G. Canadell is the Executive Director of the Global Carbon Project and a chief research scientist at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization in Australia. His work focuses on collaborative and integrative research to study the human perturbation of the carbon cycle and the global budgets of carbon, methane and nitrous oxide. Additional interest is on assessing the size and vulnerability of earth's carbon pools and pathways to decarbonization. He has contributed to the last three Assessment Reports of the IPCC and publishes in the field of global ecology and earth system sciences. Daniel Hayes Assistant Professor, Forest Resources, University of Maine. Dr Dan Hayes is Associate Professor in the School of Forest Resources at the University of Maine. He teaches, does research and performs outreach on the use of remote sensing for forest inventory and ecosystem studies. He studies the role of climate change and disturbance in the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems, with a focus on Arctic and Boreal regions. He has contributed to various regional, continental and global carbon budget modeling and synthesis efforts and publishes on the methods and results of multi-disciplinary, ecosystem-scale scientific investigations. Rona Thompson Research Scientist, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, CICERO. Dr Rona Thompson is a senior research scientist at the Norwegian Institute for Air Research. Her research focuses on the modelling of atmospheric transport and composition, especially greenhouse gases, and improving knowledge of the sources and sinks of various atmospheric species using statistical optimization methods. She was a contributing author to the last two Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and has published numerous articles on the emissions and atmospheric transport of greenhouse gases.