+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)
Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market - Global Forecast 2025-2030- Product Image
Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market - Global Forecast 2025-2030- Product Image
Sale

Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market - Global Forecast 2025-2030

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 198 Pages
  • August 2025
  • Region: Global
  • 360iResearch™
  • ID: 4995178
UP TO OFF until Jan 01st 2026
1h Free Analyst Time
Description Jump to:
1h Free Analyst Time

Speak directly to the analyst to clarify any post sales queries you may have.

The global automotive throttle-by-wire system market is evolving rapidly, reshaping modern vehicle dynamics, compliance landscapes, and OEM strategies. Increasing adoption of electronic controls over legacy mechanical systems is setting new performance and efficiency benchmarks for the industry.

Market Snapshot: Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market

The Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market grew from USD 867.65 million in 2024 to USD 950.27 million in 2025. It is expected to continue growing at a CAGR of 9.08%, reaching USD 1.46 billion by 2030. Accelerated by regulatory changes, microelectronic advancements, and connected vehicle initiatives, throttle-by-wire architecture has become pivotal in delivering precision control and enhanced responsiveness for next-generation vehicles.

Scope & Segmentation

This analysis provides strategic perspective into multiple layers of the throttle-by-wire ecosystem. Market segmentation covers sales channels, application categories, propulsion technologies, components, and regional markets for actionable insight.

  • Sales Channels: Aftermarket, Oem
  • Applications: Commercial Vehicle, Bus, Heavy Commercial Vehicle, Light Commercial Vehicle, Passenger Car
  • Propulsion Types: Electric Vehicle, Hybrid, Full Hybrid, Mild Hybrid, Plug In Hybrid, Internal Combustion Engine
  • Component Types: Actuator, Control Unit, Position Sensor, Wiring Harness
  • Regions: Americas, United States (California, Texas, New York, Florida, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio), Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Europe, Middle East & Africa (United Kingdom, Germany, France, Russia, Italy, Spain, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Denmark, Netherlands, Qatar, Finland, Sweden, Nigeria, Egypt, Turkey, Israel, Norway, Poland, Switzerland), Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Australia, South Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Taiwan)
  • Leading Companies: Robert Bosch GmbH, Denso Corporation, Continental AG, BorgWarner Inc., ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Nidec Corporation, Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd., NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd., Hitachi Astemo, Ltd.

Key Takeaways

  • Throttle-by-wire technologies are accelerating the shift from traditional mechanical systems to intelligent electronic controls, catalyzed by stricter emission and safety regulations across all vehicle classes.
  • OEMs and tier-one suppliers are aligning R&D investment with electrification and software-defined vehicle trends, optimizing algorithms for both passenger and commercial applications.
  • Advanced sensor integration and enhanced cybersecurity are shaping development priorities, as data-driven systems demand higher fidelity and robust protection.
  • Regional dynamics reveal diverse adoption patterns: while North America and Western Europe invest in sensor fusion and redundant architectures, emerging markets focus on durability and cost-effective solutions.
  • Strategic partnerships—such as between electronics, actuator, and semiconductor providers—drive modular innovation and facilitate adaptation to evolving legislative frameworks and consumer demands.

Tariff Impact

The introduction of United States tariffs in 2025 has prompted global suppliers and assemblers to reconsider sourcing and inventory strategies. Many stakeholders have moved production closer to key markets, revisited partnership terms for pricing advantages, and adopted collaborative regional supply chains. These responses have mitigated cost pressures while sustaining quality and reliability standards for throttle-by-wire systems worldwide.

Methodology & Data Sources

This report is founded on a blend of primary and secondary research. In-depth interviews with subject matter experts from OEMs, tier-one suppliers, and regulatory bodies were supported by workshops and technical focus groups. Secondary sources included patent reviews, industry standards, trade association data, and peer-reviewed publications. Cross-verification and stakeholder feedback ensured accuracy and minimized bias in all findings.

Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market: Why This Report Matters

  • Enables executives to identify critical trends, technology directions, and supplier strategies shaping the shift to electronic powertrain control.
  • Supports informed decision-making by providing segmented insights into market structure, regional growth drivers, and key partnership models.
  • Facilitates business planning around compliance, innovation, and sourcing in a volatile regulatory and geopolitical environment.

Conclusion

The automotive throttle-by-wire system market offers actionable opportunities for companies focused on digital integration, compliance, and efficiency. Proactive innovation and strategic collaboration will define leadership in this evolving landscape.

 

Additional Product Information:

  • Purchase of this report includes 1 year online access with quarterly updates.
  • This report can be updated on request. Please contact our Customer Experience team using the Ask a Question widget on our website.

Table of Contents

1. Preface
1.1. Objectives of the Study
1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
1.3. Years Considered for the Study
1.4. Currency & Pricing
1.5. Language
1.6. Stakeholders
2. Research Methodology
2.1. Define: Research Objective
2.2. Determine: Research Design
2.3. Prepare: Research Instrument
2.4. Collect: Data Source
2.5. Analyze: Data Interpretation
2.6. Formulate: Data Verification
2.7. Publish: Research Report
2.8. Repeat: Report Update
3. Executive Summary
4. Market Overview
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Market Sizing & Forecasting
5. Market Dynamics
5.1. Integration of advanced AI algorithms for predictive throttle response optimization
5.2. Implementation of multi-layer cybersecurity protocols in throttle-by-wire architectures
5.3. Development of redundant sensor architectures to enhance throttle-by-wire system reliability
5.4. Standardization of functional safety compliance for throttle-by-wire systems in electric vehicles
5.5. Adoption of over-the-air firmware update capabilities for remote throttle control calibration
5.6. Incorporation of haptic feedback mechanisms for improved driver interaction with throttle-by-wire
5.7. Emergence of high-precision Hall effect sensors for improved throttle position accuracy
5.8. Collaboration between semiconductor manufacturers and automakers for custom throttle IC solutions
6. Market Insights
6.1. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
6.2. PESTLE Analysis
7. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
8. Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market, by Sales Channel
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Aftermarket
8.3. Oem
9. Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market, by Application
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Commercial Vehicle
9.2.1. Bus
9.2.2. Heavy Commercial Vehicle
9.2.3. Light Commercial Vehicle
9.3. Passenger Car
10. Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market, by Propulsion Type
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Electric Vehicle
10.3. Hybrid
10.3.1. Full Hybrid
10.3.2. Mild Hybrid
10.3.3. Plug In Hybrid
10.4. Internal Combustion Engine
11. Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market, by Component Type
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Actuator
11.3. Control Unit
11.4. Position Sensor
11.5. Wiring Harness
12. Americas Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Argentina
12.3. Mexico
12.4. Canada
12.5. Brazil
12.6. United States
13. Europe, Middle East & Africa Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Israel
13.3. Netherlands
13.4. Turkey
13.5. Switzerland
13.6. Qatar
13.7. Finland
13.8. Saudi Arabia
13.9. France
13.10. Poland
13.11. United Kingdom
13.12. Spain
13.13. Germany
13.14. United Arab Emirates
13.15. Italy
13.16. Norway
13.17. Sweden
13.18. Denmark
13.19. South Africa
13.20. Egypt
13.21. Nigeria
13.22. Russia
14. Asia-Pacific Automotive Throttle-By-Wire System Market
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Thailand
14.3. Indonesia
14.4. Malaysia
14.5. Philippines
14.6. South Korea
14.7. India
14.8. Taiwan
14.9. Japan
14.10. Australia
14.11. Singapore
14.12. China
14.13. Vietnam
15. Competitive Landscape
15.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
15.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
15.3. Competitive Analysis
15.3.1. Robert Bosch GmbH
15.3.2. Denso Corporation
15.3.3. Continental AG
15.3.4. BorgWarner Inc.
15.3.5. ZF Friedrichshafen AG
15.3.6. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
15.3.7. Nidec Corporation
15.3.8. Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd.
15.3.9. NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
15.3.10. Hitachi Astemo, Ltd.
16. ResearchAI
17. ResearchStatistics
18. ResearchContacts
19. ResearchArticles
20. Appendix
List of Figures
FIGURE 1. AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET RESEARCH PROCESS
FIGURE 2. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 3. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 4. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 5. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 6. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 7. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 8. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 9. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 10. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 11. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 12. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 13. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 14. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 15. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 16. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 17. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 18. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 19. ASIA-PACIFIC AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 20. ASIA-PACIFIC AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 21. AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2024
FIGURE 22. AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2024
FIGURE 23. AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET: RESEARCHAI
FIGURE 24. AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET: RESEARCHSTATISTICS
FIGURE 25. AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET: RESEARCHCONTACTS
FIGURE 26. AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET: RESEARCHARTICLES
List of Tables
TABLE 1. AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SEGMENTATION & COVERAGE
TABLE 2. UNITED STATES DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE, 2018-2024
TABLE 3. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 4. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 5. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 6. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 7. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 8. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 9. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 10. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 11. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 12. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 13. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY OEM, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 14. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY OEM, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 15. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 16. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 17. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 18. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 19. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY BUS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 20. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY BUS, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 21. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 22. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HEAVY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 23. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 24. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 25. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 26. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 27. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PASSENGER CAR, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 28. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PASSENGER CAR, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 29. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 30. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 31. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY ELECTRIC VEHICLE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 32. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY ELECTRIC VEHICLE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 33. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 34. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 35. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY FULL HYBRID, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 36. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY FULL HYBRID, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 37. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY MILD HYBRID, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 38. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY MILD HYBRID, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 39. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PLUG IN HYBRID, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 40. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PLUG IN HYBRID, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 41. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 42. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 43. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 44. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 45. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 46. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 47. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY ACTUATOR, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 48. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY ACTUATOR, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 49. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY CONTROL UNIT, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 50. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY CONTROL UNIT, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 51. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY POSITION SENSOR, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 52. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY POSITION SENSOR, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 53. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY WIRING HARNESS, BY REGION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 54. GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY WIRING HARNESS, BY REGION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 55. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 56. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 57. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 58. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 59. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 60. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 61. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 62. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 63. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 64. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 65. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 66. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 67. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 68. AMERICAS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 69. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 70. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 71. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 72. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 73. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 74. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 75. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 76. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 77. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 78. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 79. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 80. ARGENTINA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 81. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 82. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 83. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 84. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 85. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 86. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 87. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 88. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 89. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 90. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 91. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 92. MEXICO AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 93. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 94. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 95. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 96. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 97. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 98. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 99. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 100. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 101. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 102. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 103. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 104. CANADA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 105. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 106. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 107. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 108. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 109. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 110. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 111. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 112. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 113. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 114. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 115. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 116. BRAZIL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 117. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 118. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 119. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 120. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 121. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 122. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 123. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 124. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 125. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 126. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 127. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 128. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 129. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 130. UNITED STATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 131. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 132. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 133. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 134. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 135. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 136. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 137. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 138. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 139. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 140. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 141. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 142. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 143. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 144. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 145. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 146. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 147. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 148. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 149. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 150. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 151. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 152. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 153. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 154. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 155. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 156. ISRAEL AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 157. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 158. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 159. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 160. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 161. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 162. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 163. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 164. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 165. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 166. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 167. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 168. NETHERLANDS AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 169. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 170. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 171. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 172. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 173. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 174. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 175. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 176. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 177. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 178. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 179. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 180. TURKEY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 181. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 182. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 183. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 184. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 185. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 186. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 187. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 188. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 189. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 190. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 191. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 192. SWITZERLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 193. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 194. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 195. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 196. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 197. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 198. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 199. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 200. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 201. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 202. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 203. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 204. QATAR AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 205. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 206. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 207. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 208. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 209. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 210. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 211. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 212. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 213. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 214. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 215. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 216. FINLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 217. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 218. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 219. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 220. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 221. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 222. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 223. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 224. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 225. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 226. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 227. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 228. SAUDI ARABIA AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 229. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 230. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 231. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 232. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 233. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 234. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 235. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 236. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 237. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 238. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 239. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 240. FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 241. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 242. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 243. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 244. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 245. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 246. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 247. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 248. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 249. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 250. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 251. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 252. POLAND AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 253. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 254. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 255. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 256. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 257. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 258. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 259. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 260. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 261. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 262. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 263. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 264. UNITED KINGDOM AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 265. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 266. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 267. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 268. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 269. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 270. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 271. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 272. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 273. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 274. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 275. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 276. SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 277. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 278. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 279. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 280. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 281. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 282. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 283. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 284. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 285. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 286. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY HYBRID, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 287. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 288. GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMPONENT TYPE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 289. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 290. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 291. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 292. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 293. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2018-2024 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 294. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE, 2025-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 295. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTOMOTIVE THROTTLE-BY-WIRE SYSTEM MARKET SIZE, BY PROPULSION TYPE, 2018-20

Samples

Loading
LOADING...

Companies Mentioned

  • Robert Bosch GmbH
  • Denso Corporation
  • Continental AG
  • BorgWarner Inc.
  • ZF Friedrichshafen AG
  • Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
  • Nidec Corporation
  • Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd.
  • NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.
  • Hitachi Astemo, Ltd.

Table Information

Report AttributeDetails
No. of Pages198
PublishedAugust 2025
Forecast Period2025 - 2030
Estimated Market Value ( USD ) in 2025 $ 950.27 Million
Forecasted Market Value ( USD ) by 2030 $ 1460 Million
Compound Annual Growth Rate9.0%
Regions CoveredGlobal
No. of Companies Mentioned10

Related Topics

Related Reports

Drive By Wire Market - Global Forecast 2025-2030 - Product Image

Drive By Wire Market - Global Forecast 2025-2030

  • Report
  • 190 Pages
  • Global
From
Automotive Throttle-By-Wire-System - Global Strategic Business Report - Product Image

Automotive Throttle-By-Wire-System - Global Strategic Business Report

  • Report
  • 247 Pages
  • Global
From
Automotive Throttle By Wire System Market Report: Industry Size, Market Shares Data, Latest Trends, Insights, Growth Potential, CAGR Forecasts to 2034 - Product Image

Automotive Throttle By Wire System Market Report: Industry Size, Market Shares Data, Latest Trends, Insights, Growth Potential, CAGR Forecasts to 2034

  • Report
  • 152 Pages
  • Global
From
X-By-Wire Systems - Global Strategic Business Report - Product Image

X-By-Wire Systems - Global Strategic Business Report

  • Report
  • 267 Pages
  • Global
From
X-by-Wire Systems Market Report by Type, Vehicle Type, and Region 2025-2033 - Product Image

X-by-Wire Systems Market Report by Type, Vehicle Type, and Region 2025-2033

  • Report
  • 139 Pages
  • Global
From
Copyright © 2002-2025 Research and Markets. All Rights Reserved.