Rising Demand for Efficient and Long-Lasting Batteries to Create Growth Opportunities for Silicon Battery Market
The global silicon battery market size is estimated to grow from USD 55 million in 2023 to USD 414 million by 2028, at a CAGR of 49.5%. Silicon anode batteries promise a long battery life and long-lasting storage due to the increased capacity of silicon to store electric charge. Researchers and companies have proved their greater charge capacity over traditional graphite anode. Silicon batteries can be used in various applications, from electric vehicles to medical equipment, energy, aviation, and consumer electronics. Excellent performance, long life, and greater safety make these batteries ideal for electric vehicles, energy storage, and aerospace applications.
>10,000 mAh segment is projected to grow at significant CAGR during the forecast period
Batteries in this range are expected to be used in energy-heavy applications such as EVs, material handling equipment, marine, robots, industrial, renewable energy storage, military, aircraft, drones, satellites, and spacecraft. The demand for lithium silicon batteries in the aviation industry will rapidly rise once silicon batteries are fully commercialized. The rising emphasis on EVs, favorable government initiatives, and the shift to sustainable mobility will also drive the market for batteries in the >10,000 mAh range. These batteries are expected to be commercialized for EVs in the coming years. Post commercialization, they are expected to gain a significant market share. Some automobile giants have already partnered with key providers of lithium silicon batteries.
Consumer electronics industry is expected to grow at an impressive CAGR during the forecast period
Smartphones and laptops are expected to be some of the significant future application areas requiring slimmer and lightweight products powered with silicon batteries. The launch of 5G-enabled smartphones will spur demand for more robust and smaller batteries. Improvements in laptop performance will also hinge on better and more powerful batteries. Such technological advancements will support silicon battery demand in various consumer electronics products. Some key companies in this segment include Enovix Corporation (US), Group14 Technologies, Inc. (US), and Nanospan (US). Smartphones are pervasive tools for personal and business use by consumers across the globe. The increasing use of smartphones for various purposes is expected to offer high scope to device manufacturers to produce advanced batteries with improved features. Long battery life is one such feature desired by smartphone users. Silicon batteries find application in smartphones due to their features, such as lightweight and high energy capacity. Using silicon-anode batteries will improve energy density without changing the power architecture or supporting the ecosystem of smartphones.
The market in Europe is expected to grow at steady CAGR during the forecast period
The European market includes the UK, Germany, France, and the Rest of Europe. The automobile sector of Europe is an advanced industry with the leanest production processes where water and energy use are optimal. The market for wearable devices is also growing in Europe. Hence, Europe has a flourishing silicon battery market, with high growth anticipated. Several organizations and governments are structuring the road map for electro-mobility and energy storage systems in this region. Thus, advanced lithium-ion batteries such as silicon anode are expected to gain massive popularity in the coming years.
Breakdown of the profiles of primary participants:
- By Company Type: Tier 1 - 45%, Tier 2 - 35%, and Tier 3 - 20%
- By Designation: C-level Executives - 40%, Directors - 45%, and Others - 15%
- By Region: North America - 46%, Europe - 21%, Asia Pacific - 25%, and RoW - 8%
Major players profiled in this report are as follows: Amprius Technologies, Inc. (US), Enovix Corporation (US), Enevate Corporation (US), NanoGraf Corporation (US), Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc. (US), Group14 Technologies, Inc. (US), Nexeon Limited (UK), and others.
Research Coverage
In this report, the silicon battery market has been segmented based on key components, type, capacity, application, and region. The silicon battery market based on key components has been segmented into anode, cathode, electrolyte, and others. Based on type, the market has been segmented into cells and battery packs. Based on capacity, the market has been segmented into < 3,000 mAh, between 3,000-10,000 mAh, and > 10,000 mAh. Based on application, the market has been segmented into aerospace & defense, consumer electronics, automotive, medical devices, and energy. The study also forecasts the size of the market in four main regions - North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and RoW.
Key Benefits of Buying the Report:
The report provides insights on the following pointers:
- Analysis of key drivers (High-energy density compared to other battery chemistries, Growing R&D initiatives by manufacturers for improving li-ion batteries, Increasing demand for high-capacity and lightweight batteries in consumer electronics), restraints (Volumetric expansion in silicon batteries), opportunities (Significant rise in demand for electric vehicles, Need for high-performance batteries in energy storage applications), and challenges (Poor cycle life resulting from pulverization of Si particles during volumetric fluctuations, High manufacturing costs) influencing the growth of the silicon battery market
- Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming products, technologies, silicon anode materials, research & development activities, funding activities, industry partnerships, and new product launches in the silicon battery market
- Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets - the report analyses the silicon battery market across regions such as North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and South America.
- Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products & technologies, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the silicon battery market
- Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market ranks, growth strategies, and product offerings of leading players like Amprius Technologies, Inc. (US), Enovix Corporation (US), Enevate Corporation (US), Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc. (US), Group14 Technologies, Inc. (US), Nexeon Limited (UK), and NanoGraf Corporation (US) among others in the silicon battery market
- Strategies: The report also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the silicon battery market and provides them information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Study Objectives
1.2 Market Definition
1.2.1 Inclusions and Exclusions
1.3 Study Scope
1.3.1 Markets Covered
Figure 1 Silicon Battery Market Segmentation
1.3.2 Geographic Scope
Figure 2 Silicon Battery Market: Regional Scope
1.3.3 Years Considered
1.4 Currency Considered
1.5 Limitations
1.6 Stakeholders
1.7 Summary of Changes
2 Research Methodology
2.1 Research Data
Figure 3 Silicon Battery Market: Research Design
2.1.1 Secondary and Primary Research
Figure 4 Silicon Battery Market: Research Approach
2.1.2 Secondary Data
2.1.2.1 List of Major Secondary Sources
2.1.2.2 Key Data from Secondary Sources
2.1.3 Primary Data
2.1.3.1 Primary Interviews with Experts
2.1.3.2 Key Data from Primary Sources
2.1.3.3 Key Industry Insights
2.1.3.4 Breakdown of Primaries
2.2 Market Size Estimation
2.2.1 Bottom-Up Approach
2.2.1.1 Approach for Arriving at Market Size by Bottom-Up Analysis
Figure 5 Silicon Battery Market: Bottom-Up Approach
2.2.2 Top-Down Approach
2.2.2.1 Approach for Capturing Market Size by Using Top-Down Analysis
Figure 6 Silicon Battery Market: Top-Down Approach
Figure 7 Market Size Estimation Methodology for Silicon Battery Market Using Supply-Side Analysis
2.3 Data Triangulation
Figure 8 Data Triangulation
2.4 Research Assumptions
2.5 Recession Impact: Research Approach
2.6 Limitations and Risk Assessment
3 Executive Summary
Figure 9 Silicon Battery Market, 2019-2028 (USD Million)
Figure 10 3,000-10,000 Mah Capacity Segment to Hold Largest Market Share During Forecast Period
Figure 11 Consumer Electronics Application to Hold Largest Market Share in 2028
Figure 12 Asia-Pacific Expected to Record Highest CAGR During Forecast Period
3.1 Silicon Battery Market: Impact of Recession
Figure 13 GDP Growth Projection Till 2023 for Major Economies
4 Premium Insights
4.1 Attractive Growth Opportunities for Players in Silicon Battery Market
Figure 14 Rising Demand for Efficient and Long-Lasting Batteries to Create Growth Opportunities for Silicon Battery Market
4.2 Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity
Figure 15 3,000-10,000 Mah Capacity Segment to Dominate Silicon Battery Market During Forecast Period
4.3 Silicon Battery Market, by Application
Figure 16 Consumer Electronics Application to Hold Largest Size of Silicon Battery Market in 2028
4.4 Silicon Battery Market in North America, by Country and Application
Figure 17 US to Secure Largest Share of Silicon Battery Market in North America by 2028
4.5 Silicon Battery Market, by Country
Figure 18 China to Register Highest CAGR from 2023 to 2028
5 Market Overview
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Market Dynamics
Figure 19 Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities, and Challenges: Silicon Battery Market
5.2.1 Drivers
5.2.1.1 High Energy Density Compared with Other Battery Chemistries
Table 1 Comparison of Various Anode Materials Used in Batteries
5.2.1.2 Growing R&D Initiatives by Manufacturers to Improve Li-Ion Batteries
5.2.1.3 Increasing Demand for High-Capacity and Lightweight Batteries in Consumer Electronics
Figure 20 Silicon Battery Market: Impact Analysis of Drivers
5.2.2 Restraints
5.2.2.1 Volumetric Expansion in Silicon Batteries
Figure 21 Silicon Battery Market: Impact Analysis of Restraints
5.2.3 Opportunities
5.2.3.1 Significant Rise in Demand for Electric Vehicles
Figure 22 Global Electric Vehicle Shipments, by Mode, 2020 to 2030 (Million Units)
5.2.3.2 Need for High-Performance Batteries in Energy Storage Applications
Figure 23 Silicon Battery Market: Impact Analysis of Opportunities
5.2.4 Challenges
5.2.4.1 Poor Cycle Life Resulting from Pulverization of Si Particles During Volumetric Fluctuations
5.2.4.2 High Manufacturing Costs and Complexities Involved in Developing Silicon Materials
Figure 24 Silicon Battery Market: Impact Analysis of Challenges
5.3 Value Chain Analysis
Figure 25 Silicon Battery Market: Value Chain Analysis
5.4 Pricing Analysis
Table 2 Average Selling Prices of Lithium-Ion Battery Packs and Cells
Table 3 Average Selling Prices of Lithium-Ion Batteries, by Key Application
Figure 26 Average Selling Prices of Lithium-Ion Batteries, by Application
6 Silicon Battery Market, Key Components
6.1 Introduction
Figure 27 Components Used in Silicon Battery
6.2 Cathode
6.2.1 Determines Capacity and Voltage of Silicon Batteries
6.3 Anode
6.3.1 Promising Alternative to Lithium Owing to Its High Energy Capacity
6.4 Electrolyte
6.4.1 Improves Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Anodes
6.5 Others
7 Types of Silicon Battery
7.1 Introduction
Figure 28 Silicon Battery Market, by Type
7.2 Cells
7.2.1 High Demand for Lightweight Cells in Consumer Electronics Industry
7.3 Battery Packs
7.3.1 Growing Demand in High Energy Density Applications
8 Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity
8.1 Introduction
Figure 29 Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity
Figure 30 3,000-10,000 Mah to Exhibit Highest CAGR During Forecast Period
Table 4 Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 5 Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
8.2 <3,000 Mah
8.2.1 Rising Demand for Compact Batteries in Consumer Electronics Sector
Table 6 <3,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 7 <3,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 8 <3,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 9 <3,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
8.3 Between 3,000 Mah and 10,000 Mah
8.3.1 3,000-10,000 Mah Segment to Display Highest CAGR Between 2023 and 2028
Table 10 3,000-10,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 11 3,000-10,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 12 3,000-10,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 13 3,000-10,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
8.4 >10,000 Mah
8.4.1 Growing Demand for High Energy Density Batteries in Energy Storage Applications to Drive Demand
Table 14 >10,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 15 >10,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 16 >10,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 17 >10,000 Mah: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
9 Silicon Battery Market, by Application
9.1 Introduction
Figure 31 Silicon Battery Market, by Application
Figure 32 Consumer Electronics to Contribute Largest Market Share in 2028
Table 18 Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 19 Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
9.2 Consumer Electronics
9.2.1 Rising Demand for High Battery Efficiency and Longer Life Cycles
9.2.2 Smartphones
9.2.3 Laptops
9.2.4 Wearable Devices
Table 20 Consumer Electronics: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 21 Consumer Electronics: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 22 Consumer Electronics: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 23 Consumer Electronics: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
9.3 Automotive
9.3.1 Increasing Demand for Evs Worldwide
9.3.2 Battery Electric Vehicles
9.3.3 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Table 24 Automotive: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 25 Automotive: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 26 Automotive: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 27 Automotive: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
9.4 Aerospace & Defense
9.4.1 Growing Usage of Silicon Batteries in Satellites and Drones
Table 28 Aerospace & Defense: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 29 Aerospace & Defense: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 30 Aerospace & Defense: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 31 Aerospace & Defense: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
9.5 Medical Devices
9.5.1 Growing Demand for Smaller Batteries with High Capacities
Table 32 Medical Devices: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 33 Medical Devices: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
9.6 Energy
9.6.1 Increasing Demand for High-Energy Storage Systems
Table 34 Energy: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 35 Energy: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
10 Silicon Battery Market, by Region
10.1 Introduction
Figure 33 Silicon Battery Market, by Region
Figure 34 China to Exhibit Highest CAGR During Forecast Period
Table 36 Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 37 Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
10.2 North America
Figure 35 North America: Silicon Battery Market Snapshot
Figure 36 US to Account for Largest Share of North American Silicon Battery Market During Forecast Period
Table 38 North America: Silicon Battery Market, by Country, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 39 North America: Silicon Battery Market, by Country, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 40 North America: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 41 North America: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 42 North America: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 43 North America: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
10.2.1 US
10.2.1.1 Large Presence of Silicon Battery Technology Providers and Startups to Drive Market
10.2.2 Canada
10.2.2.1 Increasing Number of R&D Initiatives to Develop Silicon Battery Technology
10.2.3 Mexico
10.2.3.1 Increasing Investment to Modernize Manufacturing and Energy Infrastructure
10.3 Europe
Figure 37 Europe: Silicon Battery Market Snapshot
Figure 38 Germany to Grow with Highest CAGR During Forecast Period
Table 44 Europe: Silicon Battery Market, by Country, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 45 Europe: Silicon Battery Market, by Country, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 46 Europe: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 47 Europe: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 48 Europe: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 49 Europe: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
10.3.1 Germany
10.3.1.1 Well-Established Automotive Sector to Expand Market
10.3.2 UK
10.3.2.1 Growing Adoption of Electric Vehicles to Offer Growth Opportunities
10.3.3 France
10.3.3.1 Increasing Government Investments in Development of Ev Sector to Boost Market
10.3.4 Rest of Europe
10.4 Asia-Pacific
Figure 39 Asia-Pacific: Silicon Battery Market Snapshot
Figure 40 China to Account for Largest Share of Asia-Pacific Silicon Battery Market During Forecast Period
Table 50 Asia-Pacific: Silicon Battery Market, by Country, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 51 Asia-Pacific: Silicon Battery Market, by Country, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 52 Asia-Pacific: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 53 Asia-Pacific: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 54 Asia-Pacific: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2019-2022 (USD Million)
Table 55 Asia-Pacific: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
10.4.1 China
10.4.1.1 Rising Demand for Power Generation to Support Manufacturing Sector to Drive Market
10.4.2 Japan
10.4.2.1 Increasing Focus on R&D for Advanced Battery Technologies
10.4.3 India
10.4.3.1 Rising Manufacturing Sector in Country to Create Growth Opportunities
10.4.4 South Korea
10.4.4.1 Expanding Electronics Sector and Increasing Adoption of Evs to Drive Demand for Silicon Batteries
10.4.5 Rest of Asia-Pacific
10.5 RoW
Figure 41 Middle East & Africa to Account for Largest Share of Row Silicon Battery Market During Forecast Period
Table 56 Row: Silicon Battery Market, by Region, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 57 Row: Silicon Battery Market, by Capacity, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
Table 58 Row: Silicon Battery Market, by Application, 2023-2028 (USD Million)
10.5.1 Middle East & Africa
10.5.1.1 Growing Initiatives to Boost Renewable Energy Adoption
10.5.2 South America
10.5.2.1 Rising Energy Demand to Fuel Market Growth
11 Competitive Landscape
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Key Player Strategies/Right to Win
Table 59 Overview of Strategies Adopted by Key Players in Silicon Battery Market
11.3 Market Ranking Analysis, 2022
Table 60 Ranking of Players in Silicon Battery Market, 2022
11.4 Company Evaluation Quadrant, 2022
11.4.1 Stars
11.4.2 Emerging Leaders
11.4.3 Pervasive Players
11.4.4 Participants
Figure 42 Silicon Battery Market Competitive Leadership Mapping, 2022
11.5 Silicon Battery Market: Company Footprint
Table 61 Overall Company Footprint
Table 62 Company Application Footprint
Table 63 Company Regional Footprint
11.6 Competitive Situations and Trends
11.6.1 Product Launches
Table 64 Silicon Battery Market: Product Launches
11.6.2 Deals
Table 65 Silicon Battery Market: Deals
12 Company Profiles
12.1 Key Players
(Business Overview, Products Offered, Recent Developments, and Analyst's View)*
12.1.1 Amprius Technologies, Inc.
Table 66 Amprius Technologies, Inc.: Business Overview
Table 67 Amprius Technologies, Inc.: Products Offered
Table 68 Amprius Technologies, Inc.: Product Launches
Table 69 Amprius Technologies, Inc.: Deals
12.1.2 Enovix Corporation
Table 70 Enovix Corporation: Business Overview
Table 71 Enovix Corporation: Products Offered
Table 72 Enovix Corporation: Product Launches
Table 73 Enovix Corporation: Deals
Table 74 Enovix Corporation: Other Developments
12.1.3 Group14 Technologies, Inc.
Table 75 Group14 Technologies, Inc.: Business Overview
Table 76 Group14 Technologies, Inc.: Products Offered
Table 77 Group14 Technologies, Inc.: Deals
12.1.4 Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc.
Table 78 Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc.: Business Overview
Table 79 Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc.: Products Offered
Table 80 Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc.: Product Launches
Table 81 Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc.: Deals
Table 82 Sila Nanotechnologies: Other Developments
12.1.5 Elkem
Table 83 Elkem: Business Overview
Figure 43 Elkem: Company Snapshot
Table 84 Elkem: Products Offered
12.1.6 Lanxi Zhide Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.
Table 85 Lanxi Zhide Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.: Business Overview
Table 86 Lanxi Zhide Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.: Products Offered
12.1.7 Nanospan
Table 87 Nanospan: Business Overview
Table 88 Nanospan: Products Offered
12.1.8 Nexeon Limited
Table 89 Nexeon Limited: Business Overview
Table 90 Nexeon Limited: Products Offered
Table 91 Nexeon Limited: Product Launches
Table 92 Nexeon Limited: Deals
Table 93 Nexeon Limited: Other Developments
12.1.9 Oned Battery Sciences
Table 94 Oned Battery Sciences: Business Overview
Table 95 Oned Battery Sciences: Products Offered
Table 96 Oned Battery Sciences: Deals
12.1.10 Xnrgi
Table 97 Xnrgi: Business Overview
Table 98 Xnrgi: Products Offered
* Business Overview, Products Offered, Recent Developments, and Analyst's View Might Not be Captured in Case of Unlisted Companies.
12.2 Other Players
12.2.1 Advano
12.2.2 Alkegen (Sifab)
12.2.3 Cenate As
12.2.4 Enevate Corporation
12.2.5 E-Magy
12.2.6 Eocell, Inc.
12.2.7 Global Graphene Group, Inc.
12.2.8 Leydenjar Technologies B.V.
12.2.9 Nanograf Corporation
12.2.10 Paraclete Energy, Inc.
12.2.11 Silib
12.2.12 Targray Technology International Inc.
13 Appendix
13.1 Insights of Industry Experts
13.2 Discussion Guide
13.3 Knowledgestore: The Subscription Portal
13.4 Available Customization Options
13.5 Related Reports
13.6 Author Details
Executive Summary
Companies Mentioned
- Advano
- Alkegen (Sifab)
- Amprius Technologies, Inc.
- Cenate As
- E-Magy
- Elkem
- Enevate Corporation
- Enovix Corporation
- Eocell, Inc.
- Global Graphene Group, Inc.
- Group14 Technologies, Inc.
- Lanxi Zhide Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.
- Leydenjar Technologies B.V.
- Nanograf Corporation
- Nanospan
- Nexeon Limited
- Oned Battery Sciences
- Paraclete Energy, Inc.
- Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc.
- Silib
- Targray Technology International Inc.
- Xnrgi
Methodology
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Table Information
| Report Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| No. of Pages | 150 |
| Published | March 2023 |
| Forecast Period | 2023 - 2028 |
| Estimated Market Value ( USD | $ 55 Million |
| Forecasted Market Value ( USD | $ 414 Million |
| Compound Annual Growth Rate | 49.5% |
| Regions Covered | Global |
| No. of Companies Mentioned | 22 |
