Stem cell and regenerative medicine research is an important area of clinical research that promises to change the face of medicine as it will be practiced in the years to come. Challenges in the 21st century to combat diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and retinal disorders, among others, may well be addressed employing stem cell therapies and tissue regeneration techniques. Frontiers in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research is essential reading for researchers seeking updates in stem cell therapeutics and regenerative medicine.
This volume includes current literature on a variety of topics:
- The utility of exogenous and endogenous neural stem cells in spinal cord injury
- Somatic cells for human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated cellular signaling for stem cell differentiation
- The therapeutic potential of microRNAs in cardiac diseases
- Stem cell therapy for the treatment of malaria
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Insights Into Exogenous, Endogenous and Combination Therapies of Neural Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury
- Introduction
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Primary Phase
- Secondary Phase
- Clinical Management
- Surgical
- Medical
- Supportive
- Pharmacotherapy
- Exercise Rehabilitation
- Stem Cell-Based Treatment for SCI
- Exogenous Transplantation Methods for SCI
- Stem Cells
- Bone Marrow Stem Cells
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Embryonic Stem Cells
- Umbilical Cord Stem Cells
- Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
- Neural Stem Cells
- Other Cell Types for Transplantation
- Schwann Cells Grafts
- Olfactory Ensheathing Cells
- Endogenous Stem Cells for SCI
- Advantages of Endogenous Versus Exogenous Stem Cells
- Areas of Neurogenesis in Spinal Cord
- Histology of the Central Spinal Cord
- Forms of Stem Cells in the Spinal Cord
- Environmental Support for Stem Cells
- Implications of Spinal Cord Injury and Its Effects on Regeneration
- Glial Scar Debate
- Hub Gene Network Analysis
- Purinergic Receptors
- Genetic Fate Mapping
- Types of Labelling Techniques
- Cell Structure Markers
- Tamoxifen-Dependent Cre System
- Ependymal Cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Astrocytes
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Methods for Transplantation
- Hunaid Hasan and Ping Wu
- Mechanism, Benefits and Adverse Effects
- Clinical Trials
- Clinical Results and Outcomes
- Benefit in the Acute Setting
- Motor Evoked Potentials
- Effects on Muscle Tone
- Effects on Sphincteric Tone
- Summary of Findings
- Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Stem Cell Transplantation
- Combination Therapies
- Cytokines
- Neurovascular Niche
- Growth Factors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Ephrins
- Fibroblast Growth Factor-2
- Adrenomedullin
- Endothelial Growth Factor
- Angiopoietin
- Transcription Factors
- Electrical Stimulation
- Conclusion
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 2 Toward Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Clinical Use: Sources, Methods and Selection
- Introduction to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Sources
- In the Beginning: Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts
- Human Fetal and Neonatal Cells
- Human Neonatal Fibroblasts
- Fetal Stem Cells
- Human Umbilical Cord Endothelial Cells
- Adult Human Cells
- How to Choose the Cell Source
- Methods
- Viral Methods
- Integrative
- Non-Integrative Viruses
- Transgene Excision
- Nonviral Methods
- Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic Acid-Free
- Various Gene Combinations
- Additional Factors/Epigenetic Modulators
- Epigenetic Modulators
- Culture Conditions
- Various Substrates: Mefs Versus Vitronectin, Matrigel and Others
- Maria P De Miguel, Adrian Moratilla, Alba Cabrera-Fisac and P Gonzalez-Molina
- Consent for Publication
- Various Media and Supplements
- How to Choose the Reprogramming Method
- Selection
- Completely Versus Partially Reprogrammed Cells
- Differentiation Into Several Cell Types
- How to Remove Pluripotent Cells in a Differentiated Culture
- How to Prevent Mutations and How to Select for Unmutated Cells
- Clinical Uses: Regenerative Medicine, Disease Modeling, Drug Testing
- Quality Control
- Conclusions and Future Perspectives
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 3 Reprogramming of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Neuronallineage Cells is Regulated by Both Cell Signalling and Redox Status
- Introduction
- Nervous System
- Development and Distinction of Neuronal-Lineage Cells
- Anatomy of Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
- Diseases and Disorders of the Nervous System
- Stem Cells
- Advantages of Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Mscs)
- ASCS for Replacement Therapy
- ASCS for Neuroglial Trans-Differentiation
- Cell Signalling
- Cell Signalling for Neuronal Differentiation
- Differentiation of Neurotransmitter Release Neurons
- Epigenetic Changes in Neuronal Differentiation
- Cell Markers
- Temporal Changes During Differentiation of Neurons
- Markers on Neurotransmitter Release Neurons
- Changes in Surface Markers of Differentiating Glia
- Redox Status
- Photobiomodulation
- Perspectives
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 4 Advances in Skin Regeneration and Reconstruction
- Introduction
- Skin Biology
- The Wound Healing Process
- Micro-RNAs and Wound Healing
- Mir-21
- Sajan George, Anine Crous and Heidi Abrahamse
- Ana-Maria Rosca, Raluca Tutuianu and Irina Titorencu
- Mir-31
- Mir-203
- Mir-210
- Mir-377
- miRNAs Delivery Approaches for Skin Therapy
- Cellular Therapy for Skin Regeneration
- Resident Skin Stem Cells
- Epidermal Basal Layer Stem Cells
- Stem Cells Residing in the Hair Follicle Bulge
- Keratinocytes
- Fibroblasts
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Skin Substitutes
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 5 Mirna Mediated Stem Cell Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmia
- Introduction
- Cardiac Channelopathies and Arrhythmia
- Stem Cell Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Mirna-Biogenesis and Function
- MicroRNA Regulation of Cardiac Ion Channel Genes
- Therapeutic Potential of Mirna in Cardiac Arrhyth- Mias
- Computational Prediction of Mirna Targets of Ion Channels
- Mirna Mediated Stem Cell Therapy- Delivery Tools for Mirnas
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 6 Malaria Treatment and Stem Cells
- Introduction
- The Use of Stem Cell Therapy in Malaria
- The Effect of Malaria Infection on Neurogenesis
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Priyadarshan Kathirvelu, Bhuvaneshwari Sampath and Kavitha Sankaranarayanan
- Norma Rivera, Marcela Rojas-Lemus, Nancy
- Subject Index
Author
- Atta-ur-Rahman
- Shazia Anjum
