Perspectives in Lung Cancer compiles basic and advanced topics on lung cancer pathology and treatment in a single volume. Chapters introduce the reader to chest and lung anatomy followed by the biology of lung cancer. Subsequent chapters delve into diagnostic methods for lung cancer while progressing into treatment options. The book culminates into an explanation of the concept of the Lung Cancer Centre, which is a representation of the editors’ vision for organizing a lung cancer treatment unit.
Key Features:
- Organises key topics covering both standard and avante-garde topics related to lung cancer
- All contributions are presented by experts in lung cancer treatment
- Addresses basic biology of lung cancer
- Provides information about 3D surgical planning, a relatively new concept in the field of thoracic surgery
- Addresses the standard method of resection, VATS and Mini VATS
- Covers the role of radiation and systemic anti-cancer therapies in lung cancer treatment
- Provides a glimpse of modern methods such as image-guided surgery and therapy, laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy
- Covers the role of palliative care for lung cancer
- Presents information about a visionary organization of a lung cancer unit and treatment centre.
The combination of carefully organised chapters covering a wide array of topics makes this reference an essential reference for healthcare professionals interested in acquiring a broad perspective on lung cancer treatment with the goal of improving patient outcomes.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Surgical Anatomy of the Chest and Lung
- Keyvan Moghissi and Peter Tcherveniakov
- Introduction
- Thoracic Cage
- Muscles of the Chest
- Trapezius
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Serratus Anterior
- Pectoralis Major
- Pectoralis Minor
- Skin and Subcutaneous Nerves of the Thorax
- Thoracic Cavity and Pleural Space (Fig. 2 and 3)
- Surgical Anatomy of the Lungs and Bronchopulmonary Segments
- Bronchial Tree (Fig. 4B)
- Anatomical Aspect
- Endoscopic Aspect (Bronchoscopy) (Fig. 4C)
- Thoracoscopic Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity
- Approach to a Vats Anatomical Lung Resection
- Left Upper Lobectomy
- Left Lower Lobectomy
- Right Upper Lobectomy
- Right Middle Lobectomy
- Left Upper Lobe Trisegmentectomy
- Lingulectomy
- Superior Segmentectomy
- Basilar Segmentectomy
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 2 Biology and Molecular Evolution of Lung Cancer
- Sean B. Knight
- Introduction
- The Lung Microenvironment
- DNA Mutations and Malignant Transformation
- Lung Cancer Cells of Origin
- Evolution from Driver Mutation to Malignancy
- The Immune System and Cancer Evolution
- Tracking Evolution of Cancers
- Biology of Tumour Growth and Metastases
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 3 Population Screening for Lung Cancer
- Philip Barber
- Introduction
- Molecular Biology
- Exhaled-Air, Blood, and Sputum Analysis
- Fluorescence Bronchoscopy
- Imaging
- Early Studies
- Later Developments
- Nlst and Beyond
- The Refinement of Risk Prediction
- The Manchester Implementation Pilot [59]
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 4 Imaging for Lung Cancer
- Gerard Avery and Keyvan Moghissi
- Section 1 Current Practice and Future Direction of Thoracic
- Imaging
- Diagnosis/Staging
- Chest Radiography
- Computed Tomography
- Pulmonary Nodule
- Staging
- CT Prognostic Information
- Positron Emission Tomography – Computed Tomography [PET -CT]
- Radio-Isotope Imaging
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Ultrasound
- Assessment of Metastatic Disease
- Assessment of Treatment Response
- Potential Future Techniques/Agents
- Section 2
- Fluorescence and Fluorescence Imaging for Lung Cancer
- Definition
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 5 Diagnostic Approach to Lung Cancer
- Jack Kastelik
- Introduction
- Symptoms
- Initial Investigations
- Fitness Assessment
- Staging of Lung Cancer
- Tumour Size Staging
- Regional Lymph Node Staging
- Lymph Node Stations
- Metastatic Disease Staging
- Visceral Pleural Invasion
- Pulmonary Nodules and Early Detection of Lung Cancer
- Investigations of Peripheral Lesions
- Potentially Resectable N2 Disease
- Pleural Effusion in Lung Cancer
- Imaging
- Medical Thoracoscopy
- Pleurodesis
- Indwelling Pleural Catheters
- Investigational Pathway
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 6 Bronchoscopy: Diagnostic & Therapeutic
- Keyvan Moghissi and Jack Kastelik
- Bronchoscopy
- Diagnostic Bronchoscopy
- Instrumentation
- Rigid Bronchoscope (RB)
- Flexible Fibreoptic Bronchoscope (FFB)
- Fluorescence Bronchoscopy [5 - 7]
- Endobronchial Ultrasound
- Indications
- Safety
- Equipment
- Learning Curve
- Advances in Ebus Technology
- Therapeutic/Interventional Bronchoscopy
- Introduction
- Interventional Bronchoscopy (Ib), Instrumentation and General Principles
- Interventional Bronchoscopy (Ib), Instrumentations, General
- Principles and Methods
- Mechanical Methods
- Bronchoscopic Clearing of the Airway
- Foreign Body (Fb) Retrieval
- Bronchial Lavage/Whole Lung Lavage
- Thermal Methods
- Diathermy Assisted Piecemeal Excision of Endobronchial Tumor
- Cryotherapy
- Argon Plasma Coagulator (Apc) [25 - 27]
- Radiofrequency Ablation (Rfa)
- Lasers (See Also Chapter 14: Lasers and Photodynamic Therapy (Pdt) in Lung
- Cancer)
- Brachytherapy (Bt) [34 - 36]
- Photodynamic Therapy (Pdt)
- Stents
- Conclusion
- Further Reading
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 7 Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Printing in Surgical Treatment of Lung Cancer
- Samuel Heuts and Peyman Sardari Nia
- Introduction
- Planning of Minimally Invasive Lung Surgery
- Conventional Methods
- Chest X-Ray
- Computed Tomography
- Three-Dimensional Anatomical Reconstructions
- Imaging Modalities
- Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Principal
- 3D Anatomical Reconstructions in Surgical Planning
- Three-Dimensional Printing
- Printing Process
- Three-Dimensional Printing in Surgical Planning
- Pre-Operative Planning Specified to Robotic Lung Surgery
- Future Perspectives
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 8 Thoracic Incisions – Surgical Access to the Thoracic Cavity For Operations on the Lung
- Keyvan Moghissi
- General Principles of the Surgical Incision and Access to The
- Thoracic Cavity
- Standard Posterolateral Thoracotomy Technique (Fig. 1)
- Thoracotomy – Prone Position (Overholt and Sellors-Brown
- Position)
- Antero-Lateral Thoracotomy (Fig. 3)
- Anterior Thoracotomy (Fig. 4)
- Anterior Thoracotomy with Trans-Sternal Extension
- Median Sternotomy (Fig. 5)
- Trans-Sternal Bilateral Thoracotomy (Fig. 6)
- Syn Clamshell Thoracotomy/Transverse Sternotomy
- Extended Antero-Lateral Thoracotomy (Hemi-Clamshell - Trap
- Door Incision) (Fig. 7)
- Modifications of Antero-Lateral Thoracotomy
- Anterior-Cervico – Thoracic
- Limited and Muscle Sparing Thoracotomies
- Introduction
- Limited/Postero-Lateral (Para Scapular) Thoracotomy
- Axillary and Sub-Axillary Thoracotomies
- Advantages/Disadvantages of Muscle Sparing Thoracotomies
- Advantages of Muscle Sparing Thoracotomies
- Disadvantages of Muscle Sparing Thoracotomies
- Incisions and Approaches for Minimally Invasive (Minimal Access)
- Surgery; Video Assisted Thoracic Surgery (Vats)
- Vats Incisions and Ports
- Minimization of Minimal Access Incisions and Ports
- Conclusion
- Notes
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- Further Reading
Chapter 9 Principle of Standard (Conventional) Pulmonary Resection For Lung Cancer
- Keyvan Moghissi
- Introduction
- Dissection and Ligation of Vessels
- Bronchial Closure
- Additional Tips on Pulmonary Resection
- Broncho Plastic Procedures
- Main Stem Bronchial Excision Without Pulmonary Resection
- Bronchoplastic Procedures with Conservation Lung Resection
- Right Upper Lobectomy with Sleeve Bronchial Resection (Fig. 1)
- Left Upper Lobectomy Sleeve Resection
- Other Broncho Plastic Procedures
- Excision of the Carina, Right and Left Main-Stem Bronchi (Bifurcation Resection) -
- Followed by Reconstruction of the Air Way
- Circuit A
- Circuit B
- Tracheal Sleeve Pneumonectomy (Synonym Carinal Pneumonectomy) for Lung Cancer
- Extending to the Latera Wall of the Trachea
- Pancoast Tumours (Synonym Superior Sulcus Tumour)
- Lung Cancer Invading the Chest Wall
- Conclusion
- Further Reading
- Further Reading for Bronchoplastic Operation
- Further Reading for Tracheal Sleeve Pneumonectomy
- Further Reading for Lung Cancer Invading the Chest Wall
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References for TSP
- References for Pancoast Tumour
Chapter 10 Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
- Mahmoud Loubani and Marcello Migliore
Author
- Jack Kastelik
- Keyvan Moghissi
- Peyman Sardari Nia
- Phillip Barber
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