1. Overview of Microbiome
1.1 Introduction to Microbiome
1.2 History & Evolution of Microbiome
3. Microbiome: Various Forms
3.1 Gut Microbiome
3.2 Lung Microbiome
3.3 Skin Microbiome
3.4 Microbiome in Other Parts of the Body
4. Mechanism of Microbiome Activity
4.1 Nature of Immune Response
4.1.1 Immunosuppressive Activity
4.1.2 Immunostimulatory Activity
4.2 Messengers Involves in Microbiome Mechanism
4.2.1 MAMPs/PAMPs
4.2.2 Microbial Metabolites As Messengers
4.2.3 Host Cytokines As Messengers
4.2.4 Immune Cells As Messengers
5. Technological Requirement for Microbiota
5.1 Technologies Used
5.1.1 iChip
5.1.2 Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME)
5.1.3 Gut-on-a-Chip System
5.1.4 Colonic Stem Cell Construction
5.2 Harnessing & Engineering the Microbiome
5.2.1 Additive Approaches
5.2.2 Subtractive Approaches
7. Therapeutic Applications of Microbiome Immunology
7.1 Microbiome Therapy
7.2 Precision Medicine
7.3 Drug discovery
7.4 Biomarkers & Therapy Optimization
8. Human Microbiota in Infectious Diseases
8.1 Infection with Clostridium Difficile
8.2 Infection with Helicobacter Pylori
8.3 Bacterial Vaginosis
8.4 Infection with HIV
9. The Human Microbiota & Liver Diseases
9.1 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
9.2 Alcoholic Liver Diseases (ALD)
9.3 Liver Fibrosis & Cirrhosis
10. The Human Microbiota & Metabolic Disorders
10.1 Obesity
10.2 Type 2 Diabetes
11. The Human Microbiota & Other Diseases
11.1 Microbiota & Allergic Diseases
11.2 Microbiota & Psychiatric Diseases
12. Microbiome in Immuno Oncology
12.1 Role of Microbiome in Immuno Oncology
12.2 Microbiome Mechanism in Oncogenesis & Tumor Suppression
13. Microbiome Application by Cancer Types
13.1 Gastric Cancer
13.2 Colorectal Cancer
13.3 Esophageal Cancer
13.4 Hepatocellular Carcinoma
13.5 Melanoma
13.6 Solid Tumors
14. Industrial Approaches of Microbiome Therapy in Oncology
14.1 Bacterial Approaches
14.1.1 Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)
14.1.2 Synthetic Bacteria
14.1.3 Microbial Culture
14.2 Microbiome as Vaccine
14.3 Microbiome as Small Molecules
14.4 Microbiome Therapy using Phage Virus
15. Global Human Microbiome Market Analysis
15.1 Overview
15.2 Human Microbiome Market Segmentation
15.2.1 Regional Segmentation
15.2.2 Disease Based Segmentation
15.2.3 Segmentation by Application
16. Clinical Pipeline of Microbiome Based Therapy
16.1 Microbiome Modulators in Clinical Trial
16.2 Cancer Related Clinical Trials
16.2.1 Preclinical & Discovery Phase
16.2.2 Active Clinical Trials
16.3 Clinical Trial Related To FMT
16.3.1 Clinical Trial for Recurrent C. difficile
16.3.2 Clinical Trial for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
16.3.3 Other FMT Related Clinical Trials
17. Global Microbiome Modulators Clinical Pipeline By Company, Indication & Phase
17.1 Research
17.2 Preclinical
17.3 Clinical
17.4 Phase-I
17.5 Phase-I/II
17.6 Phase-II
17.7 Phase-II/III
17.8 Phase-III
18. Marketed Microbiome Modulators Clinical Insight
18.1 Sodium Oligomannurarate - Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical
18.2 Miya-BM
21. Blockades in the Microbiome Immunology Market
21.1 Stable Engraftment
21.2 Development of Clinically Relevant Sensors
21.3 Robustness and Evolutionary Stability of Genetic Circuits
21.4 Regulation, Safety and Biocontainment
23. Competitive Landscape
23.1 4D Pharma
23.2 AbbVie
23.3 AstraZeneca plc
23.4 Biocodex
23.5 Bristol Mayer Squibb
23.6 Corebiome/Diversigen
23.7 Elogi Bioscience
23.8 Enterome
23.9 Ferring Pharmaceuticals
23.10 Finch Therapeutics
23.11 Maat Pharma
23.12 Merck
23.13 Microbiome Therapeutics
23.14 Novartis
23.15 OpenBiome
23.16 Pfizer
23.17 Rebiotix
23.18 Second Genome
23.19 Seres Therapeutics
23.20 Symberix
23.21 Takeda Pharmaceuticals
23.22 Vedanta Bioscience
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Microbiome Found in Our Body
Figure 1-2: Evolution of Microbiome in Medicinal Use
Figure 2-1: Composition of Human Microbiota
Figure 2-2: Roles of Microbiome in Human Body
Figure 3-1: Different Types of Human Microbiome
Figure 3-2: Factors Affecting the Development of the Gut Microbiome in Humans
Figure 3-3: Study Linking Gut Microbiota & Food Sensitization at 1 year of Age, 2015
Figure 4-1: Steps in the Mechanism of Microbiome
Figure 4-2: Types of Immune Response Produced by Microbiome
Figure 4-3: Mechanism of Immunosuppressive Activity of Microbiome
Figure 4-4: Processes Facilitating Immunostimulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota
Figure 4-5: Immunostimulatory Action of Microbiome by Increasing the Antigenicity
Figure 4-6: Immunostimulatory Action of Microbiome via Adjuvanticity
Figure 4-7: Immunostimulatory Action of Microbiome via Bystander T-cell Activation
Figure 4-8: Messengers Involved in Mechanism of Microbiome Activity
Figure 5-1: Technologies Used in Microbiota Immunotherapy
Figure 5-2: New Methods for In-Vitro Simulation of Microbes
Figure 5-3: Approaches in Harnessing & Engineering the Microbiome
Figure 7-1: Therapeutic Applications of Microbiome
Figure 8-1: Impact of Infectious Diseases in Human Microbiota
Figure 8-2: Microbiome Imbalance Related Infections
Figure 8-3: Mechanism of Microbiome against H. pylori Infection
Figure 8-4: Management of H. pylori Infection using Single & Multi Strain Probiotic Microbiome
Figure 8-5: Process of Vaginal Microbiota Transplantation (VMT)
Figure 8-6: Mechanism of Different Microbiome therapeutics against HIV infection
Figure 9-1: Hypothetical Pathway: Role of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Liver Diseases
Figure 9-2: Microbiome Related Liver Disorders
Figure 9-3: Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease using Probiotic Microbiome
Figure 9-4: Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease using Probiotic Microbiome
Figure 9-5: Management of Liver Fibrosis & Cirrhosis using Probiotic Microbiome
Figure 10-1: Metabolic Disorders Related to Gut Microbiota
Figure 10-2: Relation of Microbiome with the Metabolic Disorders
Figure 10-3: Factors Responsible for Obesity
Figure 10-4: Mechanism of Probiotics against Obesity
Figure 10-5: Management of Obesity using Probiotic Microbiome
Figure 10-6: Influence of Disturbed Gut Microbiome on Diabetes
Figure 10-7: Management of Type 2 Diabetes using Probiotic Microbiome
Figure 11-1: Allergic Diseases Influenced by Microbiome
Figure 11-2: Management of Allergic Diseases using Microbiome Preparations
Figure 11-3: Microbiome Associated Psychiatric Disorders
Figure 11-4: Management of Psychiatric Disorders using Microbiome
Figure 12-1: Microbiome at the Intersection between Physiology & Pathology in Cancer
Figure 12-2: Microbiome Action in Tumor Formation vs. Tumor Suppression
Figure 13-1: Microbiome Applications on Basis of Cancer Types
Figure 13-2: Management of Colorectal Cancer using Microbiomes
Figure 13-3: Anticancer Mechanism of Microbiome Metabolite (Butyrate)
Figure 13-4: Microbiome of Normal Esophagus vs. GERD-Barrett’s Esophagus
Figure 13-5: Management of Esophageal Cancer using Microbiome
Figure 13-6: Role of Disturbed Microbiome in Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Figure 14-1: Industrial Approaches of Microbiome Therapy in Oncology
Figure 14-2: Number of Companies Involved in Different Anticancer Approaches of Microbiome, 2019
Figure 14-3: Companies Involved in Different Anticancer Approaches of Microbiome (%), 2019
Figure 14-4: Types of Bacterial Approaches in Microbiome Technology
Figure 14-5: Number of Companies Involved in Different Bacterial Approaches, 2019
Figure 14-6: Procedure of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)
Figure 14-7: Various Engineered Circuits of Synthetic Bacteria
Figure 14-8: Applications of Phage in Cancer Biology & Treatment
Figure 15-1: Global – Human Microbiome Immunology Therapeutics Market Size (US$ Million), 2018 to 2025
Figure 15-2: Global – Human Microbiome Market Size & FMT Market Size (US$ Million), 2019
Figure 15-3: Global - Human Microbiome Market Segmentation
Figure 15-4: Global - Microbiome Therapeutic Market Share (%) – US,Europe & Rest of World, 2019 & 2025
Figure 15-5: USA – Human Microbiome Market Size (US$ Million), 2019 & 2025
Figure 15-6: Europe – Human Microbiome Market Size (US$ Million), 2019 & 2025
Figure 15-7: Global – Human Microbiome Market Share by Diseases (%), 2025
Figure 15-8: Global - Human Microbiome Market by Application (%), 2019 & 2025
Figure 16-1: Global - Microbiome Modulator Drug Clinical Pipeline by Phase, 2020
Figure 16-2: Global - Microbiome Modulator Drug Clinical Pipeline by Country, 2020
Figure 16-3: Global - Microbiome Modulator Drug Clinical Pipeline by Drug Class, 2020
Figure 16-4: Global - Microbiome Modulator Drug Clinical Pipeline by Drug Company, 2020
Figure 16-5: Global - Microbiome Modulator Drug Clinical Pipeline by Indication, 2020
Figure 16-6: Number of Microbiome-Based Cancer Therapeutics in Discovery & Preclinical Phase of Development, 2019
Figure 16-7: Companies Conducting Discovery Program of Anticancer Microbiome
Figure 16-8: Companies Conducting Preclinical Trials of Anticancer Microbiome
Figure 16-9: Active Clinical Trials of Anticancer Microbiome
Figure 16-10: Global - Number of Clinical Trial Studies Related to Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Different Phases,2020
Figure 16-11: Global - Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Different Phases of Clinical Trial (%), 2020
Figure 16-12: Global - Status of Active FMT Clinical Trials, 2020
Figure 16-13: Global - FMT Clinical Trial in Management of C. difficile Infection, 2020
Figure 16-14: Global - FMT Clinical Trial in Management of Inflammatory bowel Disease, 2020
Figure 19-1: Drivers of Microbiome Immunotherapeutics
Figure 20-1: MaaT Pharma – Investment Received by Year (EUR/US$ Million), 2015, 2016 & 2020
Figure 20-2: Finch Therapeutics – Investments Received by Year (US$ Million), 2016 - 2019
Figure 20-3: Rebiotix – Investment Received by Year (US$ Million), 2011, 2014 & 2017
Figure 20-4: Enterome – Investment Received by Year (EUR/US$ Million), 2011,2012, 2014, 2016, 2017 & 2020
Figure 20-5: Second Genome – Investments by Year (US$ Million), 2011, 2013 & 2016
Figure 21-1: Challenges in the Path of Microbiome Immunotherapy Technology
