Tire Waste and Recycling

Table of Contents

Part I. Introduction and Basic Information About Tires 1. An Introduction to Tires and Recycling 2. Tires and the Tire Market 3. Global Motorization: Increasing Tire Usage 4. Management of End-of-Life Tyres

Part II. Towards a Circular Economy 5. The 4 Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover

Part III. Material Treatments and Technologies 6. Cryogenic Tire Recycling 7. Regeneration and Devulcanization 7a. Devulcanization 7b. In-Product-Sorting End of Life Tires for Effective Recycling by Devulcanization 8. Make Rubber, Sell Rubber: Building a Sustainable Industry 9. Pyrolysis 9a. Technologies Update Towards Recovered Carbon Black 9b. Recovered Carbon Black: Characteristics and Properties in Compounds 9c. Recovered Carbon Black: Potential Markets 9d. Recycling of Waste Tires for Silicon Carbide Production 10. Surface Modified Materials 11. Moulding Industrial Products from Tire Ground Rubber

Part IV. Key Markets for Recycling Materials, Products, Applications 12. Environmental Impact of Tires Used in Marine Construction 13. Civil Engineering Applications 13a. Surface Modification of Crumb Rubber by Cold Plasma for Performance Enhancement of Rubberized Asphalt 13b. Application of Rubberized Asphalt Mixtures in Low Temperature Environments 13c. Application of Rubberized Asphalt Materials: Chinese Experiences 13d. Quiet Pavements: A Novel Approach of Utilizing Rubberized Asphalt Mixtures 13e. Utilization of Crumb Rubber Modifiers in Producing Polymer Asphalt Emulsions 13f. Utilization of Rubberized Asphalt in the EU 14. Sports and Leisure Infrastructure and Applications 15. Roads to Opportunities 16. Construction: Acoustic Insulation in Buildings and Railway Applications 17. Reuse of Tyre Constituents in Concrete 18. Tire Derived Aggregate Applications in Civil Engineering

Part V. The Future 19. Green Public Procurement 20. Roads to the Future

Authors

Trevor Letcher Emeritus Professor, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Professor Trevor Letcher is an Emeritus Professor at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and living in the United Kingdom. He was previously Professor of Chemistry, and Head of Department, at the University of the Witwatersrand, Rhodes University, and Natal, in South Africa (1969-2004). He has published over 300 papers on areas such as chemical thermodynamic and waste from landfill in peer reviewed journals, and 100 papers in popular science and education journals. Prof. Letcher has edited and/or written 32 major books, of which 22 were published by Elsevier, on topics ranging from future energy, climate change, storing energy, waste, tyre waste and recycling, wind energy, solar energy, managing global warming, plastic waste, renewable energy, and environmental disasters. He has been awarded gold medals by the South African Institute of Chemistry and the South African Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics honoured him with a Festschrift in 2018. He is a life member of both the Royal Society of Chemistry (London) and the South African Institute of Chemistry. He is on the editorial board of the Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, and is a Director of the Board of the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics since 2002. Valerie Shulman Secretary General, European Tyre Recycling Association (ETRA), Brussels, Belgium. Valerie L. Shulman is the Secretary General of the European Tyre Recycling Association (ETRA). The research she initiated in 1989 formed the nucleus of ETRA which was founded five years later. ETRA has over 250 member companies and organisations in 46 countries, worldwide. Dr. Shulman was a contributor to the Basel Convention Guidelines on Use Tyres (1999) and has represented the recycling industries at Waste Policy hearings in the European Parliament. She has participated in numerous research projects, prepared more than 100 articles in scientific and industry journals and authored or co-authored several books on tyre recycling technologies, materials and applications. Serji Amirkhanian Professor of Civil Engineering, Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA. Dr. Serji Amirkhanian is a Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA. He was the Mays Professor of Transportation and the Director of the Asphalt Rubber Technology Services (ARTS) in the Department of Civil Engineering at Clemson University until June of 2010, before he started his international consulting activities. He is also an Adjunct Research Faculty at UNLV and an Adjunct Professor at Arizona State University (ASU). In addition, he is an Adjunct Faculty at IIT Madras (India) and a professor of Civil Engineering at Wuhan University of Technology (Wuhan, China). Dr. Amirkhanian started his teaching career in 1987 at Clemson University. The total dollar amount of his research and teaching the DOT certification courses contracts exceeded $25 million. His research has resulted in over 250 refereed journal papers, conference papers and research reports. He has also published two book chapters. In addition, he has conducted over 200 presentations around the country and the world presenting his research findings.