The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials to 2033

Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Graphene properties
1.2 Commercialization
1.3 The graphene market to date
1.4 The graphene market in 2021
1.5 The graphene market in 2022
1.6 Graphene commercial market developments 2020-2023
1.7 Graphene funding and investments 2020-2023
1.8 Publicly listed graphene companies
1.9 Graphene global production capacities, in tons and by type
1.10 Global demand for graphene
1.10.1 Global graphene demand, to 2033, tons
1.10.2 Global graphene demand, by end user market to 2033
1.10.3 Graphene market, by region
1.10.3.1 Asia-Pacific
1.10.3.1.1 China
1.10.3.1.2 Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific
1.10.3.2 North America
1.10.3.2.1 Main graphene producers in North America
1.10.3.3 Europe
1.10.3.3.1 Main graphene producers in Europe
1.11 Graphene products
1.12 Industrial collaborations and licence agreements
1.13 Graphene market challenges

2 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE
2.1 History
2.2 Properties
2.3 Types of graphene
2.3.1 Graphene materials
2.3.1.1 CVD Graphene
2.3.1.1.1 Applications
2.3.1.2 Graphene nanoplatelets
2.3.1.3 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide
2.3.1.4 Graphene quantum dots (GQDs)
2.3.1.4.1 Composition
2.3.1.4.2 Comparison to quantum dots
2.3.1.4.3 Properties
2.3.1.4.4 Synthesis
2.3.1.4.4.1 Top-down method
2.3.1.4.4.2 Bottom-up method
2.3.1.4.4.3 Comparison of synthesis methods
2.3.1.4.5 Applications
2.3.1.4.6 Markets for graphene quantum dots
2.3.1.4.6.1 Electronics and photonics
2.3.1.4.6.2 Energy storage and conversion
2.3.1.4.6.3 Sensors
2.3.1.4.6.4 Biomedicine and life sciences
2.3.1.4.6.5 Anti-counterfeiting
2.3.1.4.7 Challenges
2.3.1.4.8 Current and projected revenues
2.3.1.4.9 Pricing
2.3.1.4.10 Companies (14 company profiles)
2.3.2 Intermediate products
2.3.2.1 Graphene masterbatches
2.3.2.2 Graphene dispersions

3 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION
3.1 Quality
3.2 Assessment of graphene production methods

4 REGULATIONS
4.1 Environmental, health and safety regulation
4.1.1 Europe
4.1.2 United States
4.1.3 Asia-Pacific
4.2 Workplace exposure

5 GRAPHENE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS

6 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION
6.1 Commercial production capacities
6.2 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide production capacities
6.2.1 By producer
6.3 Graphene nanoplatelets production capacities
6.3.1 By producer
6.4 CVD graphene film
6.4.1 By producer
6.5 Graphene production issues and challenges
6.5.1 Oversupply
6.5.2 Quality
6.5.3 Large-volume markets
6.5.4 Commoditisation
6.5.5 Industrial end-user perspective

7 GRAPHENE PRICING
7.1 Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene
7.2 Few-Layer graphene pricing
7.3 Graphene nanoplatelets pricing
7.4 Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing
7.5 Multilayer graphene (MLG) pricing
7.6 Graphene ink

8 PRIMARY MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE
8.1 ENERGY STORAGE: BATTERIES
8.1.1 Technology overview
8.1.2 Battery market megatrends
8.1.2.1 Electrification of transport
8.1.2.2 Reducing dependence on lithium and other materials (e.g. cobalt)
8.1.2.3 New advanced battery materials
8.1.2.4 Development of next-generation flexible electronics
8.1.2.5 Reduced battery costs
8.1.2.6 Increasing demand for green energy
8.1.3 Market overview
8.1.3.1 Market drivers and trends
8.1.3.2 Applications
8.1.3.2.1 Applications roadmap
8.1.3.3 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.1.4 Product developers
8.2 ENERGY STORAGE: SUPERCAPACITORS
8.2.1 Technology overview
8.2.2 Market overview
8.2.2.1 Applications
8.2.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.2.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
8.2.3 Product developers
8.3 POLYMER COMPOSITES
8.3.1 Technology overview
8.3.2 Applications
8.3.2.1 Applications roadmap
8.3.3 Fiber-based polymer composite parts
8.3.3.1 Applications
8.3.4 Metal-matrix composites
8.3.4.1 Applications
8.3.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.3.6 Product developers
8.4 SENSORS
8.4.1 Technology overview
8.4.2 Market overview
8.4.2.1 Applications
8.4.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.4.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
8.4.3 Product developers
8.5 CONDUCTIVE INKS
8.5.1 Technology overview
8.5.2 Market overview
8.5.2.1 Applications
8.5.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.5.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.5.3 Product developers
8.6 TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND DISPLAYS
8.6.1 Technology overview
8.6.2 Market outlook
8.6.2.1 Applications
8.6.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.6.2.2 Global market, historical and forecast to 2033
8.6.3 Product developers
8.7 TRANSISTORS
8.7.1 Technology overview
8.7.2 Market overview
8.7.2.1 Applications
8.7.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.7.2.2 Global market, historical and forecast to 2033
8.7.3 Product developers
8.8 FILTRATION MEMBRANES
8.8.1 Technology overview
8.8.2 Market overview
8.8.2.1 Applications
8.8.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.8.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.8.3 Product developers

9 SECONDARY MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE
9.1 ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
9.1.1 Technology overview
9.1.2 Market overview
9.1.2.1 Applications
9.1.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.1.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.1.3 Product developers
9.2 ADHESIVES
9.2.1 Technology overview
9.2.2 Market overview
9.2.2.1 Applications
9.2.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.2.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.2.3 Product developers
9.3 AEROSPACE
9.3.1 Technology overview
9.3.2 Market overview
9.3.2.1 Applications
9.3.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.3.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.3.3 Product developers
9.4 AUTOMOTIVE
9.4.1 Technology overview
9.4.2 Market overview
9.4.2.1 Applications
9.4.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.4.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.4.3 Product developers
9.5 CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS
9.5.1 Technology overview
9.5.2 Market overview
9.5.2.1 Applications
9.5.2.1.1 Cement
9.5.2.1.2 Asphalt bitumen
9.5.2.1.3 Aerogels
9.5.2.1.3.1 3D printed aerogels
9.5.2.1.3.2 Carbon-based aerogel composites
9.5.2.1.4 Applications roadmap
9.5.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.5.3 Product developers
9.6 MEMORY DEVICES
9.6.1 Technology overview
9.6.2 Market overview
9.6.2.1 Applications
9.6.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.6.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.6.3 Product developers
9.7 FUEL CELLS
9.7.1 Technology overview
9.7.2 Market overview
9.7.2.1 Applications
9.7.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.7.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.7.3 Product developers
9.8 BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
9.8.1 Technology overview
9.8.2 Market overview
9.8.2.1 Applications
9.8.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.8.2.2 Drug delivery
9.8.2.3 Imaging and diagnostics
9.8.2.4 Implants
9.8.2.5 Medical biosensors
9.8.2.6 Woundcare
9.8.2.7 Medical wearables
9.8.2.8 Gene delivery
9.8.2.9 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.8.3 Product developers
9.9 LIGHTING
9.9.1 Technology overview
9.9.2 Market overview
9.9.2.1 Applications
9.9.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.9.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.9.3 Product developers
9.10 LUBRICANTS
9.10.1 Technology overview
9.10.2 Market overview
9.10.2.1 Applications
9.10.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.10.3 Product developers
9.11 OIL AND GAS
9.11.1 Technology overview
9.11.2 Market overview
9.11.2.1 Applications
9.11.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.11.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.11.3 Product developers
9.12 PAINTS AND COATINGS
9.12.1 Technology overview
9.12.2 Market overview
9.12.2.1 Applications
9.12.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.12.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
9.12.3 Product developers
9.13 PHOTONICS
9.13.1 Technology overview
9.13.2 Market overview
9.13.2.1 Applications
9.13.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.13.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
9.13.3 Product developers
9.14 PHOTOVOLTAICS
9.14.1 Technology overview
9.14.2 Market overview
9.14.2.1 Applications
9.14.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.14.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.14.3 Product developers
9.15 RUBBER AND TYRES
9.15.1 Technology overview
9.15.2 Market overview
9.15.2.1 Applications
9.15.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.15.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.15.3 Product developers
9.16 TEXTILES AND APPAREL
9.16.1 Technology overview
9.16.2 Market outlook
9.16.2.1 Applications
9.16.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.16.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
9.16.3 Product developers
9.17 OTHER MARKETS
9.17.1 Audio equipment
9.17.2 Sporting goods and apparel

10 GRAPHENE PRODUCER ASSESSMENT
10.1 Types of graphene produced, by producer
10.2 Markets targeted, by producer
10.3 Graphene product developers target markets

11 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES (343 company profiles)

12 GRAPHENE EX-PRODUCERS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS

13 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS
13.1 Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2D materials
13.2 2D MATERIALS PRODUCTION METHODS
13.2.1 Top-down exfoliation
13.2.1.1 Mechanical exfoliation method
13.2.1.2 Liquid exfoliation method
13.2.2 Bottom-up synthesis
13.2.2.1 Chemical synthesis in solution
13.2.2.2 Chemical vapor deposition
13.3 TYPES OF 2D MATERIALS
13.3.1 Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Bboron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)
13.3.1.1 Properties
13.3.1.2 Applications and markets
13.3.1.2.1 Electronics
13.3.1.2.2 Fuel cells
13.3.1.2.3 Adsorbents
13.3.1.2.4 Photodetectors
13.3.1.2.5 Textiles
13.3.1.2.6 Biomedical
13.3.2 MXenes
13.3.2.1 Properties
13.3.2.2 Applications
13.3.2.2.1 Catalysts
13.3.2.2.2 Hydrogels
13.3.2.2.3 Energy storage devices
13.3.2.2.3.1 Supercapacitors
13.3.2.2.3.2 Batteries
13.3.2.2.3.3 Gas Separation
13.3.2.2.4 Liquid Separation
13.3.2.2.5 Antibacterials
13.3.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD)
13.3.3.1 Properties
13.3.3.1.1 Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)
13.3.3.1.2 Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
13.3.3.2 Applications
13.3.3.2.1 Electronics
13.3.3.2.2 Optoelectronics
13.3.3.2.3 Biomedical
13.3.3.2.4 Piezoelectrics
13.3.3.2.5 Sensors
13.3.3.2.6 Filtration
13.3.3.2.7 Batteries and supercapacitors
13.3.3.2.8 Fiber lasers
13.3.4 Borophene
13.3.4.1 Properties
13.3.4.2 Applications
13.3.4.2.1 Energy storage
13.3.4.2.2 Hydrogen storage
13.3.4.2.3 Sensors
13.3.4.2.4 Electronics
13.3.5 Phosphorene/ Black phosphorus
13.3.5.1 Properties
13.3.5.2 Applications
13.3.5.2.1 Electronics
13.3.5.2.2 Field effect transistors
13.3.5.2.3 Thermoelectrics
13.3.5.2.4 Batteries
13.3.5.2.4.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
13.3.5.2.4.2 Sodium-ion batteries
13.3.5.2.4.3 Lithium-sulfur batteries
13.3.5.2.5 Supercapacitors
13.3.5.2.6 Photodetectors
13.3.5.2.7 Sensors
13.3.6 Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)
13.3.6.1 Properties
13.3.6.2 C2N
13.3.6.3 Applications
13.3.6.3.1 Electronics
13.3.6.3.2 Filtration membranes
13.3.6.3.3 Photocatalysts
13.3.6.3.4 Batteries
13.3.6.3.5 Sensors
13.3.7 Germanene
13.3.7.1 Properties
13.3.7.2 Applications
13.3.7.2.1 Electronics
13.3.7.2.2 Batteries
13.3.8 Graphdiyne
13.3.8.1 Properties
13.3.8.2 Applications
13.3.8.2.1 Electronics
13.3.8.2.2 Batteries
13.3.8.2.2.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
13.3.8.2.2.2 Sodium ion batteries
13.3.8.2.3 Separation membranes
13.3.8.2.4 Water filtration
13.3.8.2.5 Photocatalysts
13.3.8.2.6 Photovoltaics
13.3.8.2.7 Gas separation
13.3.9 Graphane
13.3.9.1 Properties
13.3.9.2 Applications
13.3.9.2.1 Electronics
13.3.9.2.2 Hydrogen storage
13.3.10 Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2)
13.3.10.1 Properties
13.3.10.2 Applications
13.3.11 Silicene
13.3.11.1 Properties
13.3.11.2 Applications
13.3.11.2.1 Electronics
13.3.11.2.2 Thermoelectrics
13.3.11.2.3 Batteries
13.3.11.2.4 Sensors
13.3.11.2.5 Biomedical
13.3.12 Stanene/tinene
13.3.12.1 Properties
13.3.12.2 Applications
13.3.12.2.1 Electronics
13.3.13 Antimonene
13.3.13.1 Properties
13.3.13.2 Applications
13.3.14 Indium selenide
13.3.14.1 Properties
13.3.14.2 Applications
13.3.14.2.1 Electronics
13.3.15 Layered double hydroxides (LDH)
13.3.15.1 Properties
13.3.15.2 Applications
13.3.15.2.1 Adsorbents
13.3.15.2.2 Catalyst
13.3.15.2.3 Sensors
13.3.15.2.4 Electrodes
13.3.15.2.5 Flame Retardants
13.3.15.2.6 Biosensors
13.3.15.2.7 Tissue engineering
13.3.15.2.8 Anti-Microbials
13.3.15.2.9 Drug Delivery
13.4 2D MATERIALS PRODUCER AND SUPPLIER PROFILES (19 company profiles)

14 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
14.1 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)

15 REFERENCES

List of Tables
Table 1. Graphene commercial market developments 2020-2023
Table 2. Graphene funding and investments 2020-2023
Table 3. Publicly listed graphene companies
Table 4. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell to
Table 5. Demand for graphene (tons), 2018-2033
Table 6. Main graphene producers in North America
Table 7. Main graphene producers in Europe
Table 8. Commercial products incorporating graphene
Table 9. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets
Table 10. Graphene market challenges
Table 11. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof
Table 12. Applications of GO and rGO
Table 13. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs
Table 14. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs
Table 15. Applications of graphene quantum dots
Table 16. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics and photonics
Table 17. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in energy storage and conversion
Table 18. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in sensors
Table 19. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in biomedicine and life sciences
Table 20. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics
Table 21. Market and technology challenges for graphene quantum dots
Table 22. Prices for graphene quantum dots
Table 23. Assessment of graphene production methods
Table 24. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Europe
Table 25. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in North America
Table 26. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Asia-Pacific
Table 27. Accumulated number of patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019
Table 29. Graphene oxide production capacity by producer, 2014-2022
Table 30. Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2022
Table 31. CVD graphene film capacity by producer, 2014-2022 in 000s m2
Table 32. Types of graphene and typical prices
Table 33. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer
Table 34. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer
Table 35. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer
Table 36. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer
Table 38. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer
Table 39. Graphene ink pricing by producer
Table 40. Applications of nanomaterials in batteries
Table 41. Market overview for graphene in batteries
Table 42. Market outlook for graphene in batteries
Table 43. Market drivers for use of graphene in batteries
Table 44. Applications of nanomaterials in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof
Table 45. Market and applications for graphene in batteries
Table 46. Estimated demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2033
Table 47. Product developers in graphene batteries
Table 48. Market overview for graphene in supercapacitors
Table 49. Market overviewfor graphene in supercapacitors
Table 50: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries
Table 51. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors
Table 52. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2033
Table 53. Product developers in graphene supercapacitors
Table 54. Market overview for graphene in composites
Table 55. Market outlook for graphene in fiber-based polymer composite parts
Table 56. Market and applications for graphene in fiber-based composite parts
Table 57. Market and applications for graphene in metal matrix composites
Table 58. Global market for graphene in composites 2018-2033, tons
Table 59. Product developers in graphene composites
Table 60. Market overview for graphene in sensors
Table 61. Market overview for graphene in sensors
Table 62. Market and applications for graphene in sensors
Table 63. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2033
Table 64. Product developers in graphene sensors
Table 65. Market overview for graphene in conductive inks
Table 66. Market outlook for graphene in conductive inks
Table 67. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks
Table 68. Comparative properties of conductive inks
Table 69. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2033
Table 70. Product developers in graphene conductive inks
Table 71. Market overview for graphene in wearable electronics and displays
Table 72. Market outlook for graphene in transparent conductive films
Table 73. Market and applications for graphene in transparent conductive films
Table 74. Comparison of ITO replacements
Table 75. Demand for graphene in transparent conductive films, 2018-2033
Table 76. Product developers in graphene transparent conductive films
Table 77. Market overview for graphene in transistors
Table 78. Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors
Table 79. Market outlook for graphene in transistors
Table 80. Market and applications for graphene transistors
Table 81. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2033
Table 82. Product developers in graphene transistors and integrated circuits
Table 83. Market overview for graphene in filtration membranes
Table 84. Market outlook for graphene in filtration membranes
Table 85. Market and applications for graphene in filtration membranes
Table 86. Demand for graphene in filtration membranes (tons), 2018-2033
Table 87. Graphene companies in filtration
Table 88. Market overview for graphene in additive manufacturing
Table 89. Market outlook for graphene in additive manufacturing
Table 90. Market and applications for graphene in additive manufacturing
Table 91. Demand for graphene in additive manufacturing (tons), 2018-2033
Table 92. Product developers in additive manufacturing
Table 93. Market overview for graphene in adhesives
Table 94. Market outlook for graphene in adhesives
Table 95. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives
Table 96. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2033
Table 97. Product developers in graphene adhesives
Table 98. Market overview for graphene in aerospace
Table 99. Market assessment for graphene in aerospace
Table 100. Market and applications for graphene in aerospace
Table 101: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030
Table 102: Product developers in graphene for aerospace
Table 103. Market overview for graphene in the automotive market
Table 104. Market outlook for graphene in automotive
Table 105. Market and applications for graphene in automotive
Table 106. Market and applications for graphene in automotive
Table 107. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2033
Table 108. Product developers in the graphene automotive market
Table 109. Market overview for graphene in construction and buildings
Table 110. Market outlook for graphene in construction
Table 111. Graphene for concrete and cement
Table 112. Graphene for asphalt bitumen
Table 113. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2033
Table 114: Graphene product developers in construction
Table 115. Market overview for graphene in memory devices
Table 116. Market outlook for graphene in memory devices
Table 117. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices
Table 118. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2033
Table 119. Product developers in graphene memory devices
Table 120. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells
Table 121. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells
Table 122. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells
Table 123. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2033
Table 124. Product developers in graphene fuel cells
Table 125. Market overview for graphene in life sciences and medicine
Table 126. Market and applications for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare
Table 127. Market overview for graphene in drug delivery
Table 128. Market overview for graphene in imaging and diagnostics
Table 129. Market overview for graphene in medical implants
Table 130. Market overview for graphene in medical biosensors
Table 131. Market overview for graphene in woundcare
Table 132. Demand for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare (tons), 2018-2033
Table 133. Product developers in biomedicine and healthcare
Table 134. Market overview for graphene in lighting
Table 135. Market overview for graphene in lighting
Table 136. Market and applications for graphene in lighting
Table 137. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2033
Table 138. Product developers in graphene lighting
Table 139. Market overview for graphene in lubricants
Table 140. Nanomaterial lubricant products
Table 141. Market overview for graphene in lubricants
Table 142. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants
Table 143. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2033
Table 144. Product developers in graphene lubricants
Table 145. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas
Table 146. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas
Table 147. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas
Table 148. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2033
Table 149. Product developers in graphene oil and gas
Table 150. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings
Table 151. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings
Table 152. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings
Table 153. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2033
Table 154. Product developers in graphene paints and coatings
Table 155. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings
Table 156. Market overview for graphene in photonics
Table 157. Market and applications for graphene in photonics
Table 158. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2033
Table 159. Product developers in graphene photonics
Table 160. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics
Table 161. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics
Table 162. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics
Table 163. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2033
Table 164. Product developers in graphene solar
Table 165. Market overview for graphene in rubber and tyres
Table 166. Market outlook for graphene in rubber and tyres
Table 167. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tyres
Table 168. Demand for graphene in rubber and tyres (tons), 2018-2033
Table 169. Product developers in rubber and tyres
Table 170. Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel
Table 171. Market outlook for graphene in smart textiles and apparel
Table 172. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel
Table 173. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2033
Table 174. Graphene product developers in smart textiles and apparel
Table 175. Graphene audio equipment producers and products
Table 176. Graphene sporting goods producers and products
Table 177. Graphene producers and types produced
Table 178. Graphene producers target market matrix
Table 179. Graphene product developers target market matrix
Table 180. Performance criteria of energy storage devices
Table 181. 2D materials types
Table 182. Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2-D nanomaterials
Table 183. Comparison of top-down exfoliation methods to produce 2D materials
Table 184. Comparison of the bottom-up synthesis methods to produce 2D materials
Table 185. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
Table 186. Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2
Table 187. Properties and applications of functionalized germanene
Table 188. GDY-based anode materials in LIBs and SIBs
Table 189. Physical and electronic properties of Stanene
Table 190. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples

List of Figures
Figure 1. Demand for graphene, by market, 2022
Figure 2. Demand for graphene, 2018-2033, tons
Figure 3. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons), conservative estimate
Figure 4. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). Medium estimate
Figure 5. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). High estimate
Figure 6. Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2022
Figure 7. Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2022
Figure 8. Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific
Figure 9. Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2022
Figure 10. Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2022
Figure 11. Graphene layer structure schematic
Figure 12. Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG
Figure 13. Graphite and graphene
Figure 14. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene
Figure 15. Types of CVD methods
Figure 16. Schematic of the manufacture of GnPs starting from natural graphite
Figure 17. Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots
Figure 18. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1-4)
Figure 19. Graphene quantum dots
Figure 20. Top-down and bottom-up graphene QD synthesis methods
Figure 21. Revenues for graphene quantum dots 2019-2033, millions USD
Figure 20. Dotz Nano GQD products
Figure 21. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination
Figure 22. Quantag GQDs and sensor
Figure 22. Fabrication methods of graphene
Figure 23. TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF
Figure 24. (a) Graphene powder production line The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd
Figure 25. Schematic illustration of the main graphene production methods
Figure 26. Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019
Figure 28. CVD Graphene on Cu Foil
Figure 29. Annual cobalt demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031
Figure 30. Annual lithium demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031
Figure 31. Costs of batteries to 2031
Figure 32. Applications of graphene in batteries
Figure 33. Applications roadmap for graphene in batteries
Figure 34. Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 35. Apollo Traveler graphene-enhanced USB-C / A fast charging power bank
Figure 36. Exide Graphene Lead Acid Battery
Figure 37. 6000mAh Portable graphene batteries
Figure 38. Real Graphene Powerbank
Figure 39. Graphene Functional Films - UniTran EH/FH
Figure 40. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors
Figure 41. Applications roadmap for graphene in supercapacitors
Figure 42. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 43. KEPCO’s graphene supercapacitors
Figure 44. Skeleton Technologies supercapacitor
Figure 45. Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger
Figure 46. Applications roadmap for graphene in polymer composites
Figure 47. Applications of graphene in composites
Figure 48. Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 49. Graphene bike
Figure 50. Graphene lacrosse equipment
Figure 51. Graphene-based suitcase made from recycled plastic
Figure 52. Aros Create
Figure 53. Grays graphene hockey sticks
Figure 54. Graphene-based sensors for health monitoring
Figure 55. Applications of graphene in sensors
Figure 56. Applications roadmap for graphene in sensors
Figure 57. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 58. AGILE R100 system
Figure 59. Graphene fully packaged linear array detector
Figure 60. GFET sensors
Figure 61. Graphene is used to increase sensitivity to middle-infrared light
Figure 62. Applications roadmap for graphene in conductive inks
Figure 63. Applications of graphene in conductive inks
Figure 64. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 65. BGT Materials graphene ink product
Figure 66. Printed graphene conductive ink
Figure 67. Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink
Figure 68. Applications roadmap for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays
Figure 69. Demand for graphene in transparent conductive films, 2018-2033
Figure 70. Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application
Figure 71. Applications of graphene transistors
Figure 72. Applications roadmap for graphene transistors
Figure 73. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2033
Figure 74. Graphene IC in wafer tester
Figure 75. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right)
Figure 76. Applications of graphene in filtration membranes
Figure 77. Applications roadmap for graphene filtration membranes
Figure 78. Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 79. Graphene anti-smog mask
Figure 80. Graphene filtration membrane
Figure 81. Graphene water filer cartridge
Figure 82. Applications of graphene in additive manufacturing
Figure 83. Applications roadmap for graphene in additive manufacturing
Figure 84. Demand for graphene in additive manufacturing (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 85. CNCTArch lightweight mounting for digital signalling
Figure 86. Applications of graphene in adhesives
Figure 87. Applications roadmap for graphene in adhesives
Figure 88. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 89. Graphene Adhesives
Figure 90. Applications of graphene in aerospace
Figure 91. Applications roadmap for graphene in aerospace
Figure 92. Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 93. Orbex Prime rocket
Figure 94: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container
Figure 95: Graphene aircraft
Figure 96. Summary of graphene in automobiles
Figure 97. Applications of graphene in automotive
Figure 98. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 99. Supercar incorporating graphene
Figure 100. Graphene anti-corrosion primer
Figure 101. Graphene-R Brake pads
Figure 102. Antistatic graphene tire
Figure 103. Graphene engine oil additives
Figure 104. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete
Figure 105. Applications roadmap for graphene in construction
Figure 106. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 107. Graphene asphalt additives
Figure 108. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus
Figure 109. Applications roadmap for graphene in memory devices
Figure 110. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2033
Figure 111. Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random-access memory (RRAM)
Figure 112. Applications of graphene in fuel cells
Figure 113. Applications roadmap for graphene in fuel cells
Figure 114. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 115. Graphene-based E-skin patch
Figure 116. Applications of graphene in biomedicine and healthcare
Figure 117. Applications roadmap for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare
Figure 118. Flexible and transparent bracelet that uses graphene to measure heart rate, respiration rate etc
Figure 119. Demand for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 120. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing
Figure 121. Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel
Figure 122. GraphWear wearable sweat sensor
Figure 123. BioStamp nPoint
Figure 124. Applications of graphene in lighting
Figure 125. Applications roadmap for graphene in lighting
Figure 126. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2033
Figure 127. Graphene LED bulbs
Figure 128. Applications of graphene in lubricants
Figure 129. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 130. Tricolit spray coating
Figure 131. Graphenoil products
Figure 132. Applications of graphene in oil and gas
Figure 133. Applications roadmap for graphene in oil and gas
Figure 134. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 135. Directa Plus Grafysorber
Figure 136. Applications of graphene in paints and coatings
Figure 137. Applications roadmap for graphene in paints and coatings
Figure 138. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 139. Cryorig CPU cooling system with graphene coating
Figure 140. Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate
Figure 141. 23303 ZINCTON GNC graphene paint
Figure 142. Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand
Figure 143. Scania Truck head lamp brackets ACT chamber 6 weeks, equivalent to 3y field use. Piece treated with GO to the left together with different non-GO coatings
Figure 144. Schematic of graphene heat film
Figure 145. Applications roadmap for graphene in photonics
Figure 146. Applications of graphene in photonics
Figure 147. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2033
Figure 148. All-graphene optical communication link demonstrator operating at a data rate of 25 Gb/s per channel
Figure 149. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics
Figure 150. Applications roadmap for graphene in in photovoltaics
Figure 151. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 152. Graphene coated glass
Figure 153. Applications of graphene in rubber and tyres
Figure 154. Applications roadmap for graphene in rubber and tyres
Figure 155. Demand for graphene in rubber and tyres (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 156. Eagle F1 graphene tyre
Figure 157. Graphene floor mats
Figure 158. Vittoria Corsa G tire
Figure 159. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel
Figure 160. Applications roadmap for graphene in textiles and apparel
Figure 161. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2033
Figure 162. 878 Project One jacket display
Figure 163. Colmar graphene ski jacket
Figure 164. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing
Figure 165. G Graphene Aero Jersey
Figure 166. Inov-8 graphene shoes
Figure 167. Graphene Functional Membranes - UniTran GM
Figure 168. Graphene jacket
Figure 169. Callaway Chrome Soft golf and Chrome Soft X golf balls
Figure 170. Graphene heating films
Figure 171. Graphene flake products
Figure 172. AIKA Black-T
Figure 173. Printed graphene biosensors
Figure 174. Prototype of printed memory device
Figure 175. Brain Scientific electrode schematic
Figure 176. Graphene battery schematic
Figure 177. Dotz Nano GQD products
Figure 178. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell
Figure 179. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production
Figure 180. Wearable sweat sensor
Figure 181. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination
Figure 182. Sensor surface
Figure 183. BioStamp nPoint
Figure 184. Nanotech Energy battery
Figure 185. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept
Figure 186. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite
Figure 187. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production
Figure 188. TEM images of carbon nanobrush
Figure 189. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445
Figure 190. Quantag GQDs and sensor
Figure 191. The Sixth Element graphene products
Figure 192. Thermal conductive graphene film
Figure 193. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint
Figure 194. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO
Figure 195. Structures of nanomaterials based on dimensions
Figure 196. Schematic of 2-D materials
Figure 197. Diagram of the mechanical exfoliation method
Figure 198. Diagram of liquid exfoliation method
Figure 199. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride
Figure 200. BN nanosheet textiles application
Figure 201. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx
Figure 202. Types and applications of 2D TMDCs
Figure 203. Left: Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Right: Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
Figure 204. SEM image of MoS2
Figure 205. Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor
Figure 206. Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge
Figure 207. Borophene schematic
Figure 208. Black phosphorus structure
Figure 209. Black Phosphorus crystal
Figure 210. Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation
Figure 211: Graphitic carbon nitride
Figure 212. Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
Figure 213. Schematic of germanene
Figure 214. Graphdiyne structure
Figure 215. Schematic of Graphane crystal
Figure 216. Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide
Figure 217. Silicene structure
Figure 218. Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate
Figure 219. Silicene transistor
Figure 220. Crystal structure for stanene
Figure 221. Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111)
Figure 222. Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe)
Figure 223. Application of Li-Al LDH as CO2 sensor
Figure 224. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell

Companies Mentioned

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes:

• 2D Carbon Graphene Material Co., Ltd.
• 2D fab AB
• 2D Fluidics Pty Ltd
• 2D Layer
• 2D Materials Pte. Ltd. (2DM)
• 2D Semiconductors
• 2-DTech Limited
• Adama Materials
• Adeka Corporation
• Advanced Graphene Products z o.o.
• Advanced Material Development (AMD)
• AEH Innovative Hydrogel Limited (AEH)
• Aerogel Core Ltd
• Agar Scientific
• AIKA Innovative Technology Co., Ltd.
• AirMembrane Corporation
• Akkolab
• Amalyst
• American Elements
• AMO GmbH
• Anaphite Limited
• Anderlab Technologies
• Aneeve Nanotechnologies LLC
• Apex Graphene
• Appear, In.
• Applied Graphene Materials plc.
• Applied Nano Surfaces Sweden AB
• Applied Nanolayers BV
• Applied Nanotech, Inc.
• ApplyNanosolutions S.L.
• AR Brown Co. Ltd
• Archer Materials Ltd.
• Arvia Technology
• Asbury Carbons
• Atomic Mechanics Ltd.
• Atrago
• Australian Advanced Materials
• Avadain Inc.
• AVANSA Technology & Services
• Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L.
• AVIC BIAM New Materials Technology Engineering Co., Ltd.
• Aztrong, Inc.
• Baotailong New Materials Co., Ltd.
• BASF AG
• Bass Metals Limited
• Bedimensional S.p.A
• Bee Energy
• Bee Graphene
• Beijing Carbon Century Technology Co., Ltd.
• BestGraphene
• BGT Materials Ltd.
• Bio Graphene Solutions, Inc.
• BioGraph Sense Inc.
• BioGraph Solutions
• Biographene, Inc.
• Biolin Scientific AB
• BioMed X GmbH
• Black Semiconductor GmbH
• Black Swan Graphene
• Blackleaf SAS
• Bluevine Graphene Industries
• Boomatech
• Brain Scientific
• Breton spa
• Bright Day Graphene AB
• BTR New Energy Materials, Inc.
• C2CNT LLC/Capital Power
• Cabot Corporation
• California Lithium Battery
• Cambridge Graphene Ltd.
• Cambridge Raman Imaging Limited
• CamGraphIC Ltd.
• Carben Semicon Ltd.
• Carbon Gates Technologies LLC
• Carbon Nano-Material Technology Co., Ltd.
• Carbon Research and Development Company (CRDC)
• Carbon Sciences
• Carbon Upcycling Technologies
• Carbon Waters
• Carbon-2D Graphene, Inc.
• CarbonUP
• Carborundum Universal Ltd (CUMI)
• Cardea Bio, Inc.
• Catalyx Nanotech, Inc.
• Cealtech AS
• CellsX
• Celtig, LLC
• Ceylon Graphene Technologies Pvt Ltd
• Charm Graphene Co., Ltd.
• China Carbon Graphite Group, Inc.
• China Telecommunications Corporation
• Chongqing Moxi Science and Technology Co., Ltd.
• Comet Resources Ltd.
• Concrene Limited
• COnovate
• CrayoNano AS
• CRRC Corporation
• CVD Equipment Corporation
• Danubia NanoTech s.r.o.
• Das-Nano
• Deyang Carbonene Technology
• Directa Plus plc
• DJ Nanotech, Inc.
• Dongxu Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd
• Dotz Nano Ltd.
• Durham Graphene Science Ltd.
• Dycotec Materials Ltd.
• DZP Technologies
• Earthasia International Holdings Ltd
• Earthdas
• Elcora Advanced Materials Corp.
• Emberion Oy
• ENano Tec Co., Ltd.
• Epi-lab sp. z o.o.
• Evercloak, Inc.
• Fangda Carbon New Material Co., Ltd.
• FGV Cambridge Nanosystems
• First Graphene Ltd.
• FlexeGRAPH
• Flextrapower
• Fujian Huafeng Industry Co., Ltd.
• Fujitsu Laboratories
• Fuyang Sineva Material Technology Co., Ltd.
• G6 Materials Corp.
• Garmor, Inc.
• General Graphene
• Gerdau Graphene
• Glaren
• Global Graphene Group
• Global Graphene Technologies
• Gnanomat S.L.
• Golden Formula
• GoLeafe
• Goodheat (NDT Engineering & Aerospace Co., Ltd.)
• GQenergy srl
• Grafentek
• Grafetech Europe S.L.
• Grafine Ltd.
• Grafoid, Inc.
• GrafTech International
• Grahope New Materials Technologies Inc.
• Granode Materials
• GraphAudio
• Grapheal
• Graphenall Co., Ltd.
• Graphenano s.l.
• Graphenaton Technologies SA
• Graphene Batteries AS
• Graphene Composites Limited
• Graphene Devices, Ltd.
• Graphene Enabled Systems Ltd
• Graphene Energy, Inc.
• Graphene ESD Corporation
• Graphene Frontiers, LLC
• Graphene Industries Ltd.
• Graphene Layers
• Graphene Leaders Canada (GLC) Inc.
• Graphene Lighting PLC
• Graphene Manufacturing Group Pty Ltd
• Graphene Master NL
• Graphene NanoChem Plc
• Graphene Nanotech S.L.
• Graphene One LLC
• Graphene Platform Corp
• Graphene Production
• Graphene Sensors Inc.
• Graphene Square
• Graphene Star Ltd
• Graphene Technologies
• Graphenea Nanomaterials
• GrapheneCR
• GrapheneDx
• Graphenemex
• Graphene-RGY
• Graphenetech S.L.
• GrapheneUP
• GrapheneX Pty Ltd.
• Graphene-XT S.r.l.
• Graphenglass
• GraphenicaLab S.L.
• Graphenix Development Inc. (GDI)
• Graphensic AB
• GraphenTech
• Graphex Group Ltd
• Graphite Innovation and Technologies Inc.
• Graphitene
• Graphjet Technology Sdn. Bhd.
• Graphmatech AB
• GraphWear Technologies
• Gratomic, Inc.
• Green Science Alliance Co., Ltd.
• Grenoble Green Graphenofluid
• GRIP Molecular Technologies
• Grolltex, Inc.
• Grox Industries, LLC
• Grupo Antolin Ingenieria S.A.
• Guangzhou Automobile Group Co. Ltd.
• Haike Group
• Hangzhou Cable Co., Ltd.
• Hangzhou Gaoxi Technology Co., Ltd.
• Haydale Graphene Industries Plc
• Hefeikaier Nanometer Energy & Technology Co., Ltd.
• Hengli Shengtai (Xiamen) Graphene Technology
• Heraeus
• HexagonFab
• Hexalayer LLC
• Hexorp
• Highbery New Nano Materials Technology
• HQ Graphene
• HRL Laboratories, LLC
• Hub Nanotech
• Huvis
• Hybrid Kinetic Group
• Hycarb, Inc.
• HydroGraph Clean Power
• Hygraner S.r.l.
• Iceni Labs
• Imagine Intelligent Materials Pty Ltd
• Imerys Graphite & Carbon
• INBRAIN Neuroelectronics
• Incubation Alliance, Inc.
• Infinoil
• Integrated Graphene Ltd.
• Ionic Industries Ltd.
• JCNANo Tech Co., Ltd.
• Jiangsu Yueda New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
• Jikantechno Corporation
• Jinan Moxi New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
• JMC
• KNV’S Inc
• KoreaGraph
• KRI, Inc.
• Kukil Graphene Co., Ltd.
• LayerOne (Abalonyx AS)
• LeaderNano Tech LLC
• Leading Edge Materials Corp.
• Levidian Nanosystems
• LIGC Application Ltd.
• Log 9 Materials
• Lyten, Inc.
• Mag7 Technologies LLC
• MC10, Inc
• MCK Tech Co., Ltd.
• Meijo Nano Carbon Co., Ltd.
• Merck
• Metalysis Limited
• MExplorer Co., Ltd
• MICC TEC Co., Ltd.
• Micro Powders, Inc.
• Micro-Composite, Inc.
• Millennial Scientific, Inc.
• Mingshuo (Beijing) Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
• MITO Material Solutions
• Morrow Batteries
• mPhase Technologies
• Nanesa S.r.l.
• Nanjing JCNano Co., Ltd.
• Nanjing SCF Nanotech, Ltd.
• Nano Graphene, Inc.
• Nano4
• NanoAffix Science LLC
• Nanocarbon Sp. z o.o.
• nanoEMI Sp. z o.o.
• NanoGraf Corporation
• Nanografi Nanotechnology
• Nanoinnova Technologies SL
• Nanoloom Limited
• Nanomatrix Materials (NM Materials)
• Nanopinturas
• NanoPlexus Ltd
• Nanoquimia S.L.
• Nanotech Biomachines, Inc.
• Nanotech Energy Inc.
• Nanotech Engineering, Inc.
• NanoXplore, Inc.
• National Nanomaterials
• Nawa Techonologies
• NEC Corporation
• NematiQ
• Newtec Engineering A/S
• Ningbo Morsh Technology Co., Ltd.
• Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.
• NiSiNa materials Co. Ltd.
• Nitronix
• Nordische Technologies
• NORgraphene Technologies Ltd.
• Nova Graphene,Inc.
• Novusterra, Inc.
• Ntherma Corporation
• Orbex
• Oros Apparel
• Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd.
• Ossila Limited
• Paragraf Ltd.
• Payper Technologies
• Perpetuus Advanced Materials Plc
• Planartech LLC
• PolyJoule
• Promethient, Inc
• Provexa Technology AB
• Qingdao DT Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.
• Qingdao Haoxin New Energy Technology
• Quantag Nanotechnologies
• Quantum Materials Corporation
• Quantum Seed
• Qurv Technologies S.L.
• QV Bioelectronics
• Radiant Panel Technologies
• Raymor NanoIntegris
• Real Graphene USA LLC
• Redex Nano Lab
• Ressinea
• Ritedia Corp.
• Rusgraphene
• S Graphene Co., Ltd.
• Saint Jean Carbon, Inc.
• SaltX Technology AB
• Sangbo Corporation
• Senergy Innovations Ltd
• SensFit Technologies
• Shanghai Simbatt Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
• Shenzhen Danbond Technology Co Ltd
• SHT Smart High Tech AB
• Sigma-Aldrich
• Sigma-Aldrich Corporation
• Signet Graphene Technologies, Inc.
• Sinocarbon Materials
• Sixonia Tech GmbH
• Skeleton Technologies OÜ
• Smart Elements GmbH
• SmartIR Ltd.
• Solan
• Solerial Matusions AB
• Source Graphene
• SP Nano
• SpaceBlue Ltd.
• Sparc Technologies Ltd
• SPI Supplies
• Standard Graphene
• Strem Chemicals, Inc.
• Sunrise Energy Metals Limited
• SuperC Technology Limited
• SupraG Energy
• Surwon Technology
• Suzhou Graphene Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.
• Taiwan Carbon Nanotube Technology
• Talga Resources
• Targray
• Tata Steel
• Team Group, Inc.
• Technow SA
• Tetrels Technology Corporation
• Textile Two Dimensional Ltd.
• The Sixth Element (Changzhou) Materials Technology Co., Ltd.
• Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd.
• Tianjin Pulan Nano Technologies Ltd.
• Tirupati Graphite
• Topsen Technology
• Toraphene
• Toray Industries
• Triton Mineral Limited
• True 2 Materials Pte, Ltd.
• UC Bacon Company Limited
• Ugent Tech Sdn Bhd
• United Nanotech Innovations
• Universal Matter
• UpCatalyst
• Urbix Resources LLC
• Vaulta
• Versarien plc
• Via Separations
• VN Graphene
• Volexion, Inc.
• Vorbeck
• Watercycle Technologies
• Wavve Stream
• William Blythe Limited
• WuXi YuanWen Graphene Technology Co., Ltd
• XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd.
• XG Sciences
• Xiamen G-CVD Material Technology Co., Ltd.
• Xiamen Knano Graphene Technology Co., Ltd.
• XlynX Materials Inc.
• Xolve, Inc.
• YUYAO PGS New Material Technology Co., Ltd
• ZapGo Ltd.
• Zentek
• Zero Emissions Developments (ZED)
• Zextec Nano
• ZNSHINE PV-Tech Co., Ltd.
• Zoxcell Limited

Methodology