Shore Power: Global Strategic Business Report

Global Shore Power Market to Reach $1.7 Billion by 2027

In the changed post COVID-19 business landscape, the global market for Shore Power estimated at US$1.2 Billion in the year 2020, is projected to reach a revised size of US$1.7 Billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 5.3% over the analysis period 2020-2027. Shoreside, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to record 5.6% CAGR and reach US$1.2 Billion by the end of the analysis period. Taking into account the ongoing post pandemic recovery, growth in the Shipside segment is readjusted to a revised 4.7% CAGR for the next 7-year period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $358.4 Million, While China is Forecast to Grow at 4.9% CAGR

The Shore Power market in the U.S. is estimated at US$358.4 Million in the year 2020. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$307.3 Million by the year 2027 trailing a CAGR of 4.9% over the analysis period 2020 to 2027. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at 5.1% and 4.2% respectively over the 2020-2027 period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 4.3% CAGR.

Select Competitors (Total 34 Featured) -

ABB
Blueday Technology
Cavotec
Cochran Marine
ESL Power
IGUS
Piller Power Systems
Power Systems International
Preen
Schneider Electric
Siemens
SmartPlug
Vinci Energies
Wartsila

What's New for 2022?

Global competitiveness and key competitor percentage market shares
Market presence across multiple geographies - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial
Online interactive peer-to-peer collaborative bespoke updates
Access to digital archives and Research Platform
Complimentary updates for one year

Frequently Asked Questions about the Global Market for Shore Power

What is the estimated value of the Global Market for Shore Power?

The Global Market for Shore Power was estimated to be valued at $1.2 Billion in 2020.

What is the growth rate of the Global Market for Shore Power?

The growth rate of the Global Market for Shore Power is 5.1%, with an estimated value of $1.7 Billion by 2027.

What is the forecasted size of the Global Market for Shore Power?

The Global Market for Shore Power is estimated to be worth $1.7 Billion by 2027.

Who are the key companies in the Global Market for Shore Power?

Key companies in the Global Market for Shore Power include ABB, Blueday Technology, Cavotec, Cochran Marine, ESL Power, IGUS, Piller Power Systems, Power Systems International and Schneider Electric.

Report Attribute	Details
No. of Pages	89
Published	October 2022
Forecast Period	2020 - 2027
Estimated Market Value ( USD ) in 2020	$ 1.2 Billion
Forecasted Market Value ( USD ) by 2027	$ 1.7 Billion
Compound Annual Growth Rate	5.1%
Regions Covered	Global
No. of Companies Mentioned	14

I. METHODOLOGYII. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. MARKET OVERVIEW

Influencer Market Insights
World Market Trajectories
Impact of Covid-19 and a Looming Global Recession
Shore Power - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2022 (E)
Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2022 (E)

2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS

4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE

Table 1: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 2: World 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 3: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shoreside by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 4: World 7-Year Perspective for Shoreside by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 5: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shipside by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 6: World 7-Year Perspective for Shipside by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 7: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for New Installation by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 8: World 7-Year Perspective for New Installation by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 9: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Retrofit by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 10: World 7-Year Perspective for Retrofit by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 11: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Frequency Converters by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 12: World 7-Year Perspective for Frequency Converters by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 13: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Transformers by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 14: World 7-Year Perspective for Transformers by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 15: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Switchgear Devices by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 16: World 7-Year Perspective for Switchgear Devices by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 17: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Cables & Accessories by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 18: World 7-Year Perspective for Cables & Accessories by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 19: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Components by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 20: World 7-Year Perspective for Other Components by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 21: World Shore Power Market Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2012 through 2027

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

UNITED STATES

Shore Power Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2022 (E)
Table 22: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 23: USA 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 24: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 25: USA 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 26: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 27: USA 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

CANADA

Table 28: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 29: Canada 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 30: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 31: Canada 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 32: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 33: Canada 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

JAPAN

Shore Power Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2022 (E)
Table 34: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 35: Japan 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 36: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 37: Japan 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 38: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 39: Japan 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

CHINA

Shore Power Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2022 (E)
Table 40: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 41: China 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 42: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 43: China 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 44: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 45: China 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

EUROPE

Shore Power Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2022 (E)
Table 46: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 47: Europe 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2021 & 2027
Table 48: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 49: Europe 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 50: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 51: Europe 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 52: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 53: Europe 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

FRANCE

Shore Power Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2022 (E)
Table 54: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 55: France 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 56: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 57: France 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 58: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 59: France 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

GERMANY

Shore Power Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2022 (E)
Table 60: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 61: Germany 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 62: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 63: Germany 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 64: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 65: Germany 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

ITALY

Table 66: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 67: Italy 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 68: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 69: Italy 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 70: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 71: Italy 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

UNITED KINGDOM

Shore Power Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2022 (E)
Table 72: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 73: UK 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 74: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 75: UK 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 76: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 77: UK 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

REST OF EUROPE

Table 78: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 79: Rest of Europe 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 80: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 81: Rest of Europe 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 82: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 83: Rest of Europe 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

ASIA-PACIFIC

Shore Power Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2022 (E)
Table 84: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 85: Asia-Pacific 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 86: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 87: Asia-Pacific 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 88: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 89: Asia-Pacific 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

REST OF WORLD

Table 90: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Installation Type - Shoreside and Shipside - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 91: Rest of World 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Installation Type - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Shoreside and Shipside for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 92: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Connection - New Installation and Retrofit - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 93: Rest of World 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Connection - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for New Installation and Retrofit for the Years 2021 & 2027
Table 94: Rest of World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Shore Power by Component - Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Thousand for the Years 2020 through 2027 and % CAGR
Table 95: Rest of World 7-Year Perspective for Shore Power by Component - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Frequency Converters, Transformers, Switchgear Devices, Cables & Accessories and Other Components for the Years 2021 & 2027

IV. COMPETITION