+353-1-416-8900REST OF WORLD
+44-20-3973-8888REST OF WORLD
1-917-300-0470EAST COAST U.S
1-800-526-8630U.S. (TOLL FREE)

Piano Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type

  • PDF Icon

    Report

  • 112 Pages
  • July 2023
  • Region: Global
  • Prof Research
  • ID: 5329332
Description Jump to:

Quick Summary:

Dive into the rich and sophisticated world of the global piano market with our comprehensive market research report. Unfolding pertinent industry insights, this report measures and projects the growth trajectory of this dynamic market, providing an essential tool for strategic decision-making. With widespread applications spanning from performance to teaching and daily care, the piano market presents vast opportunities that are waiting to be exploited by discerning businesses.

This report outlines the intricate interplay of regional supply and demand dynamics in key markets including North America, South America, Asia Pacific, Europe, and MEA, further specifying high-growth nations such as the United States, China, Japan, India, and others. Furthermore, it presents an in-depth insight into major players such as Yamaha Pianos, KAWAI, Samick, and Youngchang, among others, offering a clear view of the competitive landscape. Understanding the business operations, SWOT analysis, production capacity and volume, revenue, price, gross margin, and market share of these businesses provides a crucial edge in the global piano market scenario.

The report's holistic approach, balanced regional analysis, and deep dive into competitive strategies equip you with the tools needed to excel in the global piano market. Capitalize now, and harmonize your growth strategy with the prevailing market symphony.

This report describes the global market size of Piano from 2018 to 2022 and its CAGR from 2018 to 2022, and also forecasts its market size to the end of 2028 and its CAGR from 2023 to 2028.

For the geography segment, regional supply, demand, major players, price is presented from 2018 to 2028.

This report covers the following regions:

  • North America
  • South America
  • Asia & Pacific
  • Europe
  • MEA
The key countries for each region are also included such as the United States, China, Japan, India, Korea, ASEAN, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, CIS, and Brazil etc.

For the competitor segment, the report includes global key players of Piano as well as some small players.

The information for each competitor includes:

  • Company Profile
  • Main Business Information
  • SWOT Analysis
  • Production Capacity, Production Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin
  • Market Share

Applications Segment:

  • Performance
  • Learning and teaching
  • Daily Care & Cosmetic

Types Segment:

  • Grand piano
  • Upright piano

Companies Covered:

  • Yamaha Pianos
  • KAWAI
  • Samick
  • Youngchang
  • Steinborgh
  • Steinway
  • Bechstein
  • Mason & Hamlin
  • AUGUST FOERSTER
  • Fazioli
  • Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group
  • Hailun Pianos
Base Year: 2023
Historical Data: from 2018 to 2022
Forecast Data: from 2023 to 2028


This product will be delivered within 1-3 business days.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Executive SummaryChapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Piano Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Piano by Region
8.2 Import of Piano by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Piano Market in North America (2018-2028)
9.1 Piano Market Size
9.2 Piano Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Piano Market in South America (2018-2028)
10.1 Piano Market Size
10.2 Piano Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Piano Market in Asia & Pacific (2018-2028)
11.1 Piano Market Size
11.2 Piano Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Southeast Asia
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Piano Market in Europe (2018-2028)
12.1 Piano Market Size
12.2 Piano Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Piano Market in MEA (2018-2028)
13.1 Piano Market Size
13.2 Piano Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Piano Market (2018-2023)
14.1 Piano Market Size
14.2 Piano Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Piano Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Piano Market Size Forecast
15.2 Piano Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
16.1 Yamaha Pianos
16.1.1 Company Profile
16.1.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Yamaha Pianos
16.1.4 Yamaha Pianos Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.2 KAWAI
16.2.1 Company Profile
16.2.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.2.3 SWOT Analysis of KAWAI
16.2.4 KAWAI Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.3 Samick
16.3.1 Company Profile
16.3.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Samick
16.3.4 Samick Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.4 Youngchang
16.4.1 Company Profile
16.4.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Youngchang
16.4.4 Youngchang Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.5 Steinborgh
16.5.1 Company Profile
16.5.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.5.3 SWOT Analysis of Steinborgh
16.5.4 Steinborgh Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.6 Steinway
16.6.1 Company Profile
16.6.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.6.3 SWOT Analysis of Steinway
16.6.4 Steinway Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.7 Bechstein
16.7.1 Company Profile
16.7.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.7.3 SWOT Analysis of Bechstein
16.7.4 Bechstein Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.8 Mason & Hamlin
16.8.1 Company Profile
16.8.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.8.3 SWOT Analysis of Mason & Hamlin
16.8.4 Mason & Hamlin Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.9 AUGUST FOERSTER
16.9.1 Company Profile
16.9.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.9.3 SWOT Analysis of AUGUST FOERSTER
16.9.4 AUGUST FOERSTER Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.10 Fazioli
16.10.1 Company Profile
16.10.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.10.3 SWOT Analysis of Fazioli
16.10.4 Fazioli Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.11 Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group
16.11.1 Company Profile
16.11.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.11.3 SWOT Analysis of Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group
16.11.4 Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
16.12 Hailun Pianos
16.12.1 Company Profile
16.12.2 Main Business and Piano Information
16.12.3 SWOT Analysis of Hailun Pianos
16.12.4 Hailun Pianos Piano Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Tables and Figures
Table Abbreviation and Acronyms List
Table Research Scope of Piano Report
Table Data Sources of Piano Report
Table Major Assumptions of Piano Report
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Piano Picture
Table Piano Classification
Table Piano Applications List
Table Drivers of Piano Market
Table Restraints of Piano Market
Table Opportunities of Piano Market
Table Threats of Piano Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods of Piano
Table Cost Structure Analysis of Piano
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News of Piano Market
Table Merger and Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project of Piano Market
Table Policy of Piano Market
Table 2018-2028 Regional Export of Piano
Table 2018-2028 Regional Import of Piano
Table 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2018-2028 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2018-2028 North America Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 North America Piano Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 North America Piano Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 North America Piano Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 North America Piano Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 North America Piano Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 North America Piano Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 North America Piano Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 United States Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United States Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Canada Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Mexico Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South America Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 South America Piano Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 South America Piano Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 South America Piano Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 South America Piano Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 South America Piano Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 South America Piano Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 South America Piano Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Brazil Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Argentina Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Chile Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Peru Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Piano Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Piano Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Piano Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Piano Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Piano Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Asia & Pacific Piano Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Asia & Pacific Piano Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 China Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 China Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 India Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 India Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Japan Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Korea Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Piano Market Size List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Piano Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Piano Import List
Table 2018-2028 Southeast Asia Piano Export List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Australia Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Piano Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 Europe Piano Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 Europe Piano Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Europe Piano Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 Europe Piano Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 Europe Piano Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Europe Piano Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Germany Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Germany Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 France Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 France Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 United Kingdom Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Italy Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Spain Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Belgium Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Netherlands Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Austria Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Poland Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Russia Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Piano Market Size and CAGR
Figure 2018-2028 MEA Piano Market Volume and CAGR
Table 2018-2028 MEA Piano Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 MEA Piano Key Players Sales List
Table 2018-2023 MEA Piano Key Players Market Share List
Table 2018-2028 MEA Piano Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 MEA Piano Price List by Type
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Egypt Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Israel Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 South Africa Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Piano Market Size and Market Volume List
Table 2018-2028 Turkey Piano Import & Export List
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Market Size List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Market Volume List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Demand List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Capacity List
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Key Vendors Production List
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Key Vendors Production Value List
Figure 2018-2023 Global Piano Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Demand List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Global Piano Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2018-2023 Regional Piano Price List
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Market Size List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Market Size Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Market Volume List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Market Volume Share List by Region
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Demand List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Demand Market Share List by Application
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Capacity List
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Key Vendors Production List
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Key Vendors Production Share List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Key Vendors Production Value List
Figure 2023-2028 Global Piano Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Demand List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Global Piano Demand Market Share List by Type
Table 2023-2028 Piano Regional Price List
Table Yamaha Pianos Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Yamaha Pianos
Table 2018-2023 Yamaha Pianos Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Yamaha Pianos Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Yamaha Pianos Piano Market Share
Table KAWAI Information
Table SWOT Analysis of KAWAI
Table 2018-2023 KAWAI Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 KAWAI Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 KAWAI Piano Market Share
Table Samick Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Samick
Table 2018-2023 Samick Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Samick Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Samick Piano Market Share
Table Youngchang Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Youngchang
Table 2018-2023 Youngchang Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Youngchang Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Youngchang Piano Market Share
Table Steinborgh Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Steinborgh
Table 2018-2023 Steinborgh Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Steinborgh Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Steinborgh Piano Market Share
Table Steinway Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Steinway
Table 2018-2023 Steinway Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Steinway Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Steinway Piano Market Share
Table Bechstein Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Bechstein
Table 2018-2023 Bechstein Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Bechstein Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Bechstein Piano Market Share
Table Mason & Hamlin Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Mason & Hamlin
Table 2018-2023 Mason & Hamlin Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Mason & Hamlin Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Mason & Hamlin Piano Market Share
Table AUGUST FOERSTER Information
Table SWOT Analysis of AUGUST FOERSTER
Table 2018-2023 AUGUST FOERSTER Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 AUGUST FOERSTER Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 AUGUST FOERSTER Piano Market Share
Table Fazioli Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Fazioli
Table 2018-2023 Fazioli Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Fazioli Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Fazioli Piano Market Share
Table Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group
Table 2018-2023 Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group Piano Market Share
Table Hailun Pianos Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Hailun Pianos
Table 2018-2023 Hailun Pianos Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Hailun Pianos Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Hailun Pianos Piano Market Share
Table Xinghai Piano Group Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Xinghai Piano Group
Table 2018-2023 Xinghai Piano Group Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Xinghai Piano Group Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Xinghai Piano Group Piano Market Share
Table Goodway Information
Table SWOT Analysis of Goodway
Table 2018-2023 Goodway Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 Goodway Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 Goodway Piano Market Share
Table DUK Information
Table SWOT Analysis of DUK
Table 2018-2023 DUK Piano Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
Figure 2018-2023 DUK Piano Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2018-2023 DUK Piano Market Share

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

  • Yamaha Pianos
  • KAWAI
  • Samick
  • Youngchang
  • Steinborgh
  • Steinway
  • Bechstein
  • Mason & Hamlin
  • AUGUST FOERSTER
  • Fazioli
  • Guangzhou Pearl River Piano Group
  • Hailun Pianos
  • Xinghai Piano Group
  • Goodway
  • DUK

Methodology

Loading
LOADING...

Related Topics

Related Reports

Global Piano Market 2024-2028 - Product Image

Global Piano Market 2024-2028

  • Report
  • 155 Pages
  • Global
From
Acoustic Piano Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type - Product Image

Acoustic Piano Global Market Insights 2023, Analysis and Forecast to 2028, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type

  • Report
  • 98 Pages
  • Global
From
Grand Piano Global Market Insights 2024, Analysis and Forecast to 2029, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Product Type - Product Image

Grand Piano Global Market Insights 2024, Analysis and Forecast to 2029, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Product Type

  • Report
  • 86 Pages
  • Global
From
Pianos: Global Strategic Business Report - Product Image

Pianos: Global Strategic Business Report

  • Report
  • 199 Pages
  • Global
From
World - Pianos and Other Keyboard Stringed Musical Instruments - Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights - Product Image

World - Pianos and Other Keyboard Stringed Musical Instruments - Market Analysis, Forecast, Size, Trends and Insights

  • Report
  • Global
From
Copyright © 2002-2024 Research and Markets. All Rights Reserved.