The increasing concerns of environmental pollution and shortage of petroleum resources have fuelled substantial research towards valorization of bio-based polymers. Lignin is the second most abundant renewable biopolymer on Earth and the largest natural source of aromatic monomers. Its industrial use has attracted considerable attention because of its advantages of high carbon content, low cost and bio-renewability. Lignin is an important precursor for sustainable synthesis of chemicals, polymers, and materials to replace or augment current petroleum-based counterparts.
Wood pulping and other biorefinery industries extract more than 50 million tonnes of lignin annually, but only ~2% is recovered for utilization in applications. However, it's use as a ‘green’ feedstock for fuels, chemicals, and materials is growing through the commercialization of extraction technologies coupled with transitioning towards biorefinery processes.
Lignin has mainly been produced as an industrial residue of pulp and paper factories (e.g. a by-product of the Kraft process), and the majority of the several millions tons of lignin produced annually are utilized as a low-cost fuel for power and heat generation. Due to continued greening (i.e. renewable feedstock) of the global economy, new applications are being commercialized. For example, lignin-based renewable functional fillers are used in different rubber applications as a sustainable alternative to carbon black and silica. Recent developments include use of lignin as a carbon additive in li-ion batteries., due to increased demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly energy storage.
The Global Market for Lignin 2023-2033 includes:
- Market description and future outlook.
- Analysis of processes used to extract and refine lignin
- Production capacities of lignin producers.
- In depth analysis of biorefinery lignin production.
- Markets and applications for lignin. Markets covered include aromatic compounds (e.g. Benzene, toluene and xylene; Vanillin; Phenol and Phenolic resins); Plastics and polymers; Hydrogels; Concrete; Rubber; Bitumen and Asphalt; Biofuels; Energy storage; Binders, emulsifiers and dispersants; Chelating agents; Ceramics; Automotive; Fire retardants; Antioxidants; Lubricants; Dust Control.
- Market demand for lignin in metric tonnes, forecast to 2033.
- Industry developments 2020-2023.
- Profiles of 79 lignin producers. Profiles include company description, products, processes and capacities. Companies profiled include Bloom Biorenewables SA, Clariant, FP Innovations, Klabin SA, Lignin Industries, Lignolix, Inc., Lignopure, Lignovations GmbH, MetGen Oy, Praj Industries Ltd., Spero Renewables, Stora Enso, Sumitomo Bakelite Co. Ltd., UPM, Versalis SpA and RenCom AB.
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Table of Contents
1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 What is lignin?
2.1.1 Lignin structure
2.2 Types of lignin
2.2.1 Sulfur containing lignin
2.2.2 Sulfur-free lignin from biorefinery process
2.3 Properties
2.4 The lignocellulose biorefinery
2.5 Markets and applications
2.6 Challenges for using lignin
3 LIGNIN PRODUCTION PROCESSES
3.1 Lignosulphonates
3.2 Kraft Lignin
3.2.1 LignoBoost process
3.2.2 LignoForce method
3.2.3 Sequential Liquid Lignin Recovery and Purification
3.2.4 A-Recovery
3.3 Soda lignin
3.4 Biorefinery lignin
3.4.1 Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
3.5 Organosolv lignins
3.6 Hydrolytic lignin
4 MARKETS FOR LIGNIN
4.1 Market drivers and trends for lignin
4.2 Lignin industry developments 2020-2023
4.3 Production capacities
4.3.1 Technical lignin availability (dry ton/y)
4.3.2 Biomass conversion (Biorefinery)
4.4 Estimated consumption of lignin
4.5 Prices
4.6 Heat and power energy
4.7 Pyrolysis and syngas
4.8 Aromatic compounds
4.8.1 Benzene, toluene and xylene
4.8.2 Phenol and phenolic resins
4.8.3 Vanillin
4.9 Plastics and polymers
4.10 Hydrogels
4.11 Carbon materials
4.11.1 Carbon black
4.11.2 Activated carbons
4.11.3 Carbon fiber
4.12 Concrete
4.13 Rubber
4.14 Bitumen and Asphalt
4.15 Fuels
4.16 Energy storage
4.16.1 Supercapacitors
4.16.2 Anodes for lithium-ion batteries
4.16.3 Gel electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
4.16.4 Binders for lithium-ion batteries
4.16.5 Cathodes for lithium-ion batteries
4.16.6 Sodium-ion batteries
4.17 Binders, emulsifiers and dispersants
4.18 Chelating agents
4.19 Ceramics
4.20 Automotive interiors
4.21 Fire retardants
4.22 Antioxidants
4.23 Lubricants
4.24 Dust control
5 COMPANY PROFILES (79 company profiles)
6 REFERENCES
List of Tables
Table 1. Technical lignin types and applications
Table 2. Classification of technical lignins
Table 3. Lignin content of selected biomass
Table 4. Properties of lignins and their applications
Table 5. Example markets and applications for lignin
Table 6. Processes for lignin production
Table 7. Biorefinery feedstocks
Table 8. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins
Table 9. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
Table 10. Market drivers and trends for lignin
Table 11. Lignin industry developments 2020-2023
Table 12. Production capacities of technical lignin producers
Table 13. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers
Table 14. Estimated consumption of lignin, 2019-2033 (000 MT)
Table 15. Lignin aromatic compound products
Table 16. Prices of benzene, toluene, xylene and their derivatives
Table 17. Lignin products in polymeric materials
Table 18. Application of lignin in plastics and composites
Table 19. Lignin products in fuels
Table 20. Lignin-derived anodes in lithium batteries
Table 21. Application of lignin in binders, emulsifiers and dispersants
List of Figures
Figure 1. High purity lignin
Figure 2. Lignocellulose architecture
Figure 3. Extraction processes to separate lignin from lignocellulosic biomass and corresponding technical lignins
Figure 4. The lignocellulose biorefinery
Figure 5. Lignocellulosic biomasss conversion and products
Figure 6. LignoBoost process
Figure 7. LignoForce system for lignin recovery from black liquor
Figure 8. Sequential liquid-lignin recovery and purification (SLPR) system
Figure 9. A-Recovery chemical recovery concept
Figure 10. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals
Figure 11. Organosolv lignin
Figure 12. Hydrolytic lignin powder
Figure 13. Estimated consumption of lignin, 2019-2033 (000 MT)
Figure 14. Schematic of WISA plywood home
Figure 15. Lignin based activated carbon
Figure 16. Lignin/celluose precursor
Figure 17. Functional rubber filler made from lignin
Figure 18. Road repair utilizing lignin
Figure 19. Prototype of lignin based supercapacitor
Figure 20. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process
Figure 21. DAWN Technology Process
Figure 22. BALI™ technology
Figure 23. Pressurized Hot Water Extraction
Figure 24. sunliquid® production process
Figure 25. Domsjö process
Figure 26. TMP-Bio Process
Figure 27. Flow chart of the lignocellulose biorefinery pilot plant in Leuna
Figure 28. AVAPTM process
Figure 29. GreenPower ™ process
Figure 30. Lignin gel
Figure 31. BioFlex process
Figure 32. LX Process
Figure 33. METNIN™ Lignin refining technology
Figure 34. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process
Figure 35: Plantrose process
Figure 36. Hansa lignin
Figure 37. Stora Enso lignin battery materials
Figure 38. Solid Novolac Type lignin modified phenolic resins
Figure 39. UPM biorefinery process
Figure 40. The Proesa® Process
Figure 41. Goldilocks process and applications
Companies Mentioned (Partial List)
A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:
- Aemetis, Inc.
- Andritz AG
- Anellotech, Inc.
- Attis Innovations, llc
- Avantium NV
- Bloom Biorenewables SA
- Blue Biofuels, Inc.
- Burgo Group S.p.A.
- Carbon Crusher
- Cellicon B.V.
- CH-Bioforce Oy
- Chempolis Oy
- CIMV
- Clariant AG
- Domsjö Fabriker AB
- Domtar Paper Company LLC
- Enerkem, Inc.
- Enviral
- Fibenol
- FP Innovations
- Fraunhofer Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes CBP
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF
- Futurity Bio-Ventures Ltd.
- G+E GETEC Holding GmbH
- Global Bioenergies SA
- Graanul Biotech OU
- Granbio Technologies
- Hexion Inc
- Ingevity
- Iogen Corporation
- Kanteleen Voima
- Klabin S.A.
- Leaf Resources Ltd.
- Lignin Industries
- Lignoflow Technologies AB
- Lignolix, Inc.
- LignoPure GmbH
- LignOrganic (PTY) Ltd.
- Lignovations GmbH
- Lixea
- LXP Group GmbH
- Mehler Engineered Products GmbH
- Metgen Oy
- Mobius
- NewEnergyBlue LLC
- Nippon Paper Industries, Co. Ltd.
- Novozymes A/S
- Obayashi Corporation
- ORLEN Poludnie
- Praj Industries Ltd.
- Prisma Renewable Composites
- Pure Lignin Environmental Technology Ltd.
- Rayonier Advanced Materials
- Red Leaf Pulp Ltd.
- RenFuel
- Renmatix
- Resolute Forest Products, Inc.
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB
- Sainc Energy Limited
- SAPPI Biotech
- Sekab E-Technology AB
- Soma Bioworks/White Lemur Co.
- Spero Renewables
- St1 Oy
- Stora Enso Oyj
- Sumitomo Bakelite Co. Ltd.
- SunCoal Industries GmbH
- Suzano SA
- Sweetwater Energy
- TECNARO GmbH
- The Borregaard Group
- UPM Biochemicals
- Valmet Oyj
- Versalis SpA
- Vertoro
- West Fraser Timber Co Ltd
- Xillix GmbH
- Xingzhenghe Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Yokogawa Electric Corporation
Methodology
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